-shëm

Tosk dialect, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. Etymologically cognate with Old High German -sam (“-some”), Old Norse -samr (“-some”).

• IPA^(key): /ʃəm/

-shëm m (-shme f)

1. Makes masculine adjectives from verbs and nouns. The most common meaning the suffix carries is comparable to -able in English.

   këndje (delight) — i këndshëm (pleasant, delightful)

   zellje (zeal) — i zellshëm (zealous)

While there are certain exceptions, there are some general rules for adding this suffix.

• Verbs that end in -oj generally replace -oj with -ueshëm.

  ‎adhuroj (“I adore; I worship”) + ‎-shëm → ‎adhurueshëm (“absorbing, fascinating; adorable, charming, lovely”)

  ‎admiroj (“I admire”) + ‎-shëm → ‎admirueshëm (“admirable; delightful, lovely”)

• Verbs ending in -ej will replace the -ej with -yeshëm.

  ‎shkëlqej (“I excel; I shine, glow”) + ‎-shëm → ‎shkëlqyeshëm (“excellent, brilliant; bright, brilliant”)

• -çëm, -çme (Gheg dialect)