-ZID

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *zəd (“a single object undergoes cyclical process”). Found across all Athabaskan languages in a wide range of disparate themes.

Root

-ZID

 1. a month passes

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
(di) + Ø motion

a month passes

S earns (money) per month

  • —
  • néídiyiisííd

 2. to gather awareness: to wake up, to inspect

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
chʼí + ná + d ?

S wakes up

S wakes O up

ha + O + ł ?

S inspects O, examines O

↳ haʼasííd
ł ?

S fools around

  • naʼáhodilziid (CONT) (+d refl.)

 3. to treat with respect, handle carefully

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø ?

S handles O with care

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -zííd -zid -ził -ziʼ -zííd
CONT -ziid - - - -
NEUT - -zid - - -

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

time passes:

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZID (month passes)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZID (aware)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZID (handle carefully)

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