からかう

Japanese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Attested in The Tale of the Heike (c. 1330).

The kara portion is likely cognate with 絡む (karamu, “to become entangled; start a fight with, to pick a quarrel”), 絡める (karameru, “to entangle, to entwine”), and 絡げる (karageru, “to tie together in a sheave or bunch; to hitch up the hem of a robe or skirt”); with an apparent underlying meaning of entanglement, bunch. The kau portion may be 交う (kau, “to exchange; to mix”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) からか​う [kàrákáꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠ɾa̠ka̠ɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

からかう (transitive and intransitive, godan conjugation, rōmaji karakau, historical hiragana からかふ)

  1. (transitive) to make fun of, to tease, to kid
    からかい上 (じょう)手 (ず)の高 (たか)木 (ぎ)さん
    Karakai Jōzu no Takagi-san
    Skilled Teaser Takagi-san
    Synonyms: 嬲る (naburu), 揶揄する (yayu suru)
  2. (transitive, archaic) to resist
    Synonyms: 争う (arasou), 抵抗する (teikō suru)
  3. (intransitive, archaic) to be irresolute
    Synonyms: うじうじする (ujiuji suru), 揺蕩う (tayutau)
  4. (intransitive, archaic) to quarrel
    Synonym: 喧嘩する (kenka suru)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "からかう" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) からかわ karakawa
Continuative (連用形) からかい karakai
Terminal (終止形) からかう karakau
Attributive (連体形) からかう karakau
Hypothetical (仮定形) からかえ karakae
Imperative (命令形) からかえ karakae
Key constructions
Passive からかわれる karakawareru
Causative からかわせる
からかわす		 karakawaseru
karakawasu
Potential からかえる karakaeru
Volitional からかおう karakaō
Negative からかわない karakawanai
Negative continuative からかわず karakawazu
Formal からかいます karakaimasu
Perfective からかった karakatta
Conjunctive からかって karakatte
Hypothetical conditional からかえば karakaeba

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.