Without You (Badfinger song)

"Without You" is a song written by Pete Ham and Tom Evans of British rock group Badfinger, and first released on their 1970 album No Dice. The power ballad[1] has been recorded by over 180 artists,[2] and versions released as singles by Harry Nilsson (1971) and Mariah Carey (1994) became international best-sellers. Paul McCartney once described the ballad as "the killer song of all time".[3]

"Without You"
Song by Badfinger
from the album No Dice
Released9 November 1970 (1970-11-09)
Recorded15 & 29 July 1970
StudioAbbey Road, London
Length4:43
LabelApple
Songwriter(s)Pete Ham, Tom Evans
Producer(s)Geoff Emerick
Music video
"Without You" (audio) on YouTube

In 1972, writers Ham and Evans received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically.[4]

Badfinger original

First recorded by the rock group Badfinger, the song was composed by two of its members. Pete Ham wrote a song originally titled "If It's Love", but it had lacked a strong chorus. At the time of writing, the band shared residence with the Mojos at 7 Park Avenue in Golders Green. One evening, in the midst of the parties, songwriting, touring, in Golders Green, Ham and his girlfriend Beverly Tucker were about to go out for the evening. But just as they were leaving Tom Evans said he had an idea for a song – Ham said, "Not tonight, I've promised Bev." But she thought he would be wondering if he had done the right thing later, if he went out, – she told him – "Go into the studio, I'm fine about it" ... He said, "Your mouth is smiling, but your eyes are sad." The song Ham wrote that night was called "If its Love" and has the verse "Well I can't forget tomorrow, when I think of all my sorrow, I had you there but then I let you go, and now it's only fair that I should let you know ... if it's love". But Ham wasn't happy with the chorus.[5]

Evans' relationship with his future wife Marianne influenced his lyrics:

One evening he [Evans] went to her [Marianne's] friend Karen and told Karen, "She's left me. I need her back. I can't live without her." He flew to Bonn to find her – he wrote a song called "I Can't Live". Its chorus included "I can't live, if living is without you, I can't live, I can't give any more." And so the merging of the two songs,[6] Ham and Evans created the hit [with] Ham's verse, "warm, sweet, sentimental" and Evans' chorus, "intense, dramatic, heartbreaking."[7]

Both Ham and Evans said they did not consider the song to have much potential at the time Badfinger recorded it, and the track was slotted to close the first side of their 1970 album No Dice. Badfinger's recording of the song, which is more brusque than its successors' versions, was not released as a single in Europe or North America.

The two writers of the song, Ham and Evans, later committed suicide due to legal and financial issues. In Evans' case, it was a dispute over songwriting royalties for "Without You" that precipitated his action. Songwriting royalties had become the subject of constant legal wrangling for Evans, and in 1983, following an acrimonious argument with his bandmate Joey Molland over the royalties for the song, Evans hanged himself.[8][9]

Harry Nilsson version
"Without You"
Side A of US vinyl single
Single by Nilsson
from the album Nilsson Schmilsson
B-side"Gotta Get Up"
Released11 October 1971 (1971-10-11)
Format7-inch single
Recorded1971
StudioTrident, London
Length3:17
LabelRCA
Songwriter(s)Pete Ham, Tom Evans
Producer(s)Richard Perry
Nilsson singles chronology
"Me and My Arrow"
(1971)		 "Without You"
(1971)		 "Jump into the Fire"
(1972)

Background
Harry Nilsson (pictured in 1972) covered Badfinger's song "Without You".

Harry Nilsson, at the time best known for his hit "Everybody's Talkin'" and for composing "One", recorded by Three Dog Night, heard Badfinger's recording of "Without You" at a party,[10] and mistook it for a Beatles song.[11] After realising it was not, he decided to cover the song for his 1971 album Nilsson Schmilsson. RCA released the single in the autumn of 1971, first charting on radio stations across the US in early December. "Without You" debuted (at 99) on Billboard's Hot 100 in the chart dated December 18, 1971, and on its tenth week, in the chart dated February 19, 1972, started its four-week run at number one. Billboard ranked it as the number four single of 1972.[12] The record topped Billboard's Easy Listening chart for five weeks.

The record spent five weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart, beginning on 11 March, eventually selling almost 800,000 copies.[13] It went to number one in several other countries, including Australia (for five weeks), Ireland (two weeks) and New Zealand (two weeks).

The single, Grammy-nominated for Record of the Year, was produced by Richard Perry, who later explained, "It was a different record for its time. It was a big ballad with a heavy backbeat, and although many artists have cut songs like it since, no one was doing it then."[14] Gary Wright, who worked with Badfinger on George Harrison's projects, played the piano. Also featured are Klaus Voormann (bass), Jim Keltner (drums) and John Uribe (acoustic guitar). The string and horn arrangements are by Paul Buckmaster. In 1973 the single won Nilsson the Grammy award for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male.[15] While Nilsson rarely gave live concerts, he did perform the song with Ringo Starr and his All-Starr Band at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas in September 1992.[16]

Harry Nilsson track listing

Worldwide Single

  1. "Without You" – 3:17
  2. "Gotta Get Up" – 2:24

EP (Portugal)

  1. "Without You" – 3:17
  2. "The Moonbeam Song" – 3:18
  3. "Gotta Get Up" – 2:24
  4. "Jump Into The Fire" – 3:32

Chart performance

Certifications
Country (Provider) Certification
(sales thresholds)
United States (RIAA) Gold[32]

Personnel

According to the 1971 LP credits:[33]

  • Harry Nilsson – vocals
  • Gary Wright – piano
  • John Uribe – acoustic guitar
  • Klaus Voormann – bass guitar
  • Jim Keltner – drums
  • Paul Buckmaster – string and French horn arrangements

Mariah Carey version
"Without You"
Standard cover art; most of non-UK European releases omit "Never Forget You" on the front cover
Single by Mariah Carey
from the album Music Box
A-side"Never Forget You" (double A-side)
Released24 January 1994 (1994-01-24)
Format
Recorded1993
Length3:36
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)
  • Pete Ham
  • Tom Evans
Producer(s)
  • Mariah Carey
  • Walter Afanasieff
Mariah Carey singles chronology
"Hero"
(1993)		 "Without You" / "Never Forget You"
(1994)		 "Anytime You Need a Friend"
(1994)
Music video
"Without You" on YouTube

Background

American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey's version, based on Harry Nilsson's version rather than the Badfinger original, was released as the third single off Music Box in the first quarter of 1994, its U.S. release date of 24 January 1994 [34] falling just over a week after Nilsson had died following a heart attack on 15 January 1994. In the U.S. "Without You" was promoted as a double A-side with "Never Forget You". While she had heard Nilsson's version as a very young girl, Carey's decision to remake his hit was based on a chance hearing during the time she was recording Music Box: "I heard that song in a restaurant and just knew it would be a huge international hit" recalls Carey.[35] Carey's version has been considered very popular on talent shows.[36] "Without You" was later included on some non-U.S. pressings of her compilation albums #1's (1998) and #1 to Infinity (2015), and her 2001 compilation, Greatest Hits. "Without You" was also included on her 2009 compilation The Ballads.

Chart performance

"Without You" reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 for six weeks, remaining in the top 40 for 21 weeks and on the chart for 23. It reached number two on both the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay and Radio & Records pop charts (ending Carey's streak of consecutive number ones on the latter chart; all ten of her previous singles had gone to the top), and number three on the Hot 100 Singles Sales. It was certified gold by the RIAA and sold 600,000 copies domestically.[37][38] It was ranked 16 on the Hot 100 1994 year-end charts.

"Without You" remains Carey's biggest hit across Europe. In the British Isles, where Carey had yet to score a number one hit, "Without You" made its UK chart debut at number one where it remained for four weeks in total, while in Ireland the track was number one for five weeks; "Without You" remains Carey's only number one solo hit in both the UK and Ireland although she has since topped both nations' charts with her 2000 collaboration with Westlife: "Against All Odds". "Without You" is one of five Carey singles certified Gold in the UK with combined sales of 548,000 copies.[39] "Without You" was a runaway success in Switzerland (with ten non-consecutive weeks at number 1), the Netherlands (number one for twelve weeks), and both Austria and Sweden (eight weeks at number one), also topping the singles chart in New Zealand for one week, in Germany for four weeks, in Scotland for two weeks and in Flemish Belgium for seven weeks, where Carey's success had previously been limited. In France "Without You" peaked at number two and in Norway at number three. "Without You" was certified gold in Germany and Austria by IFPI and in France by SNEP.

A number-three hit for Carey in both Canada and Australia, "Without You" was a number one hit in New Zealand: certified platinum in Australia by ARIA, "Without You" was also certified gold in New Zealand by RIANZ.

Critical reception

Aberdeen Press and Journal described the song as "inspirational".[40] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly called Carey's "Without You" a "by-the-numbers remake of Nilsson's melodramatic 1972 hit."[41] John Kilgo from The Network Forty wrote that "exhibiting her dynamic vocal range with powerful emotion, Mariah scores again with her rendition of Harry Nilsson's chart topper."[42] Pop Rescue noted that the song gives Carey "a ton of space to really let her vocals reach wherever they want to", adding it as "an epic track, and a fantastic showcase of her vocals."[43] Stephen Holden of Rolling Stone called this song "likeliest contender" for ballads like "I Will Always Love You" praising how "Carey dips into her lower register and is accompanied by backup singers (including herself) magnified to sound like a mighty gospel chorus."[44] Singer Chris De Burgh, who remade "Without You" for his 2008 covers album "Footsteps", would state: "I loved the Nilsson song. I thought the Mariah Carey [cover] was a joke. She was missing the point. He meant it. She didn't."[45] In 2008 Carey herself stated of "Without You": "That song did a lot for me but it's not really representative of me as an artist."[46]

Track listing

Worldwide CD single

  1. "Without You" – 3:38
  2. "Never Forget You" – 3:45

European maxi-CD single #1

  1. "Without You" – 3:38
  2. "Never Forget You" – 3:45
  3. "Dreamlover (live from Here Is Mariah Carey)" – 4:09

European maxi-CD single #2

  1. "Without You" – 3:38
  2. "Vision of Love" – 3:28
  3. "I'll Be There" (Featuring Trey Lorenz) – 4:28
  4. "Love Takes Time" – 3:48

Charts

Certifications and sales
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[89] 2× Platinum 140,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[90] Platinum 50,000*
France (SNEP)[91] Gold 250,000*
Germany (BVMI)[92] Platinum 500,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[93] Platinum 75,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[94] Gold 5,000*
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[95] Gold 25,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[96] Gold 548,000[97]
United States (RIAA)[37] Gold 600,000[38]

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

Other versions
  • in 1975: Ruby Winters (single/ #95 R&B)[98]
  • in 1977: Susie Allanson (album A Little Love) (also 1979 single/ #77 C&W); Heart (album Magazine)
  • in 1980: Melissa Manchester (album For the Working Girl) (also single)
  • in 1983: Herman van Veen (album On Broadway); T. G. Sheppard (album Greatest Hits) (also single/ #12 C&W)
  • in 1991: Air Supply (album The Earth Is...) (also single/ #48 A/C);[99] Grant & Forsyth (album Country Love Songs Vol. 2)

ASCAP and Ivor Novello recognition

On 15 May 1995, at ASCAP's twelfth annual Pop Music Awards in Beverly Hills, California, "Without You" was recognised as one of the 50 most-played songs of 1994 (due largely to Mariah Carey's recording). Discrepancies in ASCAP's books, resulting from a lawsuit against the Ham and Evans estates by their former manager, incorrectly attributed the song as being composed not only by Ham and Evans, but also by Badfinger's other bandmembers, Mike Gibbins and Joey Molland, and their former manager, Bill Collins. This designation and a lack of correction by ASCAP prompted the Ham Estate to boycott the ceremony. The song was also nominated for "Song of the Year" in London at the Ivor Novello Awards.[100]

See also
  • List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 1994
  • List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1972 (U.S.)
  • List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1972 (U.S.)
  • List of number-one singles from the 1970s (UK)
  • List of number-one hits of 1994 (Austria)
  • List of number-one hits of 1994 (Germany)
  • List of number-one singles of 1994 (Ireland)
  • List of number-one hits of 1994 (Switzerland)
  • List of number-one singles from the 1990s (UK)
  • List of RPM number-one singles of 1972

References
  1. "The 40 Greatest Power Ballads".
  2. According to the ASCAP
  3. Paul McCartney VH1 Behind The Music, Retrieved 10 June 2009
  4. Lister, David, Pop ballads bite back in lyrical fashion, The Independent, 28 May 1994
  5. "BBC Radio 2 - Song Stories, Without You". Bbc.co.uk. 9 February 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  6. "Badfinger – Without You". BBC Wales. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  7. Song Stories, Radio 2, 9 February 2011
  8. Nick Clark (26 April 2013). "Badfinger: last act in a rock'n'roll tragedy". Independent.
  9. David K. Frasier. Suicide in the Entertainment Industry: An Encyclopedia of 840 Twentieth Cases. McFarland. p. 20. ISBN 9781476608075.
  10. Matovina 2000, p. 152.
  12. Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1972
  13. Dafydd Rees and Luke Crampton, Rock Stars Encyclopedia (New York: DK Publishing, 1999), 714.
  14. ""Without You" - Nilsson". Superseventies.com. 19 February 1972. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  15. Matovina 2000, p. 209.
  16. Chip Madinger and Mark Easter, Eight Arms To Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium (Chesterfield, MO: 44.1 Productions, 2000), 543.
  17. Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  18. "Ultratop.be – Nilsson – Without You" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
  19. "Top RPM Singles: Issue 7602." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
  20. "Dutchcharts.nl – Nilsson – Without You" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  21. "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Without You". Irish Singles Chart.
  22. "flavour of new zealand - search listener".
  23. "Nilsson: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
  24. "Music: Top 100 Songs - Billboard Hot 100 Chart". Billboard. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  25. "Nilsson Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
  26. "Offiziellecharts.de – Nilsson – Without You". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  27. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. 1972_in_British_music#Best-selling_singles
  30. "Top Pop 100 Singles" Billboard 30 December 1972: TA-3
  31. "Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary Interactive Chart". Billboard. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  32. "American single certifications – Nilsson – Without You". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 5 February 2013. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH. 
  33. Nilsson Schmilsson (CD booklet: reproduced 1971 LP sleeve). Harry Nilsson. BMG Entertainment. 2000.CS1 maint: others (link)
  34. Matovina 2000, p. 395.
  35. Rolling Stone
  36. "Mariah's "Without you" popular on talent searches – The Mariah Carey Archives". Mcarchives.com. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  37. "American single certifications – Mariah Carey – Without You". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 5 May 2015. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH. 
  38. "Best-Selling Records of 1994". Billboard. BPI Communications. 107 (3): 57. 21 January 1995. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
  39. Copsey, Rob (14 November 2018). "Mariah Carey's Top 40 biggest singles on the Official Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  40. "Mariah: A taste of what we are missing". Aberdeen Press and Journal. 23 February 1996. page 14. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  41. Browne, David (27 August 1993). "Music Box Review | Music Reviews and News". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  42. "Mainstream: Music Meeting" (PDF). The Network Forty. 21 January 1994. p. 28. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  43. "REVIEW: "MUSIC BOX" BY MARIAH CAREY (CD, 1993)". Pop Rescue. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  44. "Music Box | Album Reviews". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. 28 October 1993. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  45. https://www.expressandstar.com/entertainment/2009/03/12/chris-de-burgh-sees-red/#2fm51TlcAvXeRmml.99
  46. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/apr/20/popandrock.mariahcarey
  47. "Australian-charts.com – Mariah Carey – Without You". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  48. "Austriancharts.at – Mariah Carey – Without You" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  49. "Ultratop.be – Mariah Carey – Without You" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  50. "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2428." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  51. "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2458." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  52. "Hits of the World" (PDF). Billboard. 2 April 1994. p. 44. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  53. "Billboard 25. jun 1994". Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1994: 75. Retrieved 24 February 2012. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  54. "Hits of the World". Billboard. 11 June 1994. p. 41. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  55. "Lescharts.com – Mariah Carey – Without You" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  56. "Offiziellecharts.de – Mariah Carey – Without You". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
  57. "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 10.02.1994 - 16.02.1994" (PDF). Dagblaðið Vísir - Tónlist. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  58. "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Without You". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  59. "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 13, 1994" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  60. "Dutchcharts.nl – Mariah Carey – Without You" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
  61. "Charts.nz – Mariah Carey – Without You". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  62. "Norwegiancharts.com – Mariah Carey – Without You". VG-lista. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  63. "Notowanie nr630" (in Polish). LP3. 11 March 1994. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  64. "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 22,2015.
  65. "Swedishcharts.com – Mariah Carey – Without You". Singles Top 100. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  66. "Swisscharts.com – Mariah Carey – Without You". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  67. "Mariah Carey: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  68. "Mariah Carey Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  69. "Mariah Carey Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  70. "Mariah Carey Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  71. "Mariah Carey Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  72. "Mariah Carey Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  73. "ARIA Charts - End Of Year Charts - Top 50 Singles 1994". ARIA. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  74. "Jahreshitparade Singles 1994" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  75. "Jaaroverzichten 1994" (in Dutch). Ultratop. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  76. "RPM Top 100 Hit Tracks of 1994". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  77. "RPM Top 100 AC tracks of 1994". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  78. "1994 Year-End Sales Charts: Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  79. "Classement Singles - année 1994" (in French). SNEP. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  80. "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  81. "Jaarlijsten 1994" (in Dutch). Stichting Nederlandse Top 40. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  82. "Jaaroverzichten - Single 1994" (in Dutch). GfK Dutch Charts. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  83. "Top Selling Singles of 1994". RIANZ. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  84. "Årslista Singlar - År 1994" (in Swedish). GLF. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  85. "Swiss Year-end Charts 1994". Hung Medien. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  86. "Chart Archive - 1990s Singles". everyHit.com. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  87. "The Year in Music: 1994" (PDF). Billboard. 24 December 1994. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  88. "Zeitraum für die Auswertung: 07.01.1990 - 26.12.1999" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
  89. David Kent (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970-1992. Australia: St Ives, N.S.W. : Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  90. "Austrian single certifications – Mariah Carey – Without You" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  91. "French single certifications – Mariah Carey – Without You" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  92. "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Mariah Carey; 'Without You')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  93. "Dutch single certifications – Mariah Carey – Without You" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved 12 December 2012. Enter Without You in the "Artiest of titel" box.
  94. "New Zealand single certifications – Mariah Carey – Without You". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  95. "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Mariah Carey; 'Without You')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  96. "British single certifications – Mariah Carey – Without You". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 12 December 2012. Select singles in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type Without You in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  97. Copsey, Rob (14 November 2018). "Mariah Carey's Top 40 biggest singles on the Official Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  98. Whitburn, Joel (1996). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-1995. Record Research. p. 489.
  99. Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 13.
  100. , page 395, Matovina, Dan. Without You: The Tragic Story of Badfinger, Google Books, 2000. Retrieved 17 June 2009

Sources

  • Matovina, Dan (2000). Without You: The Tragic Story of "Badfinger". Frances Glover Books. ISBN 978-0-9657122-2-4.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.