Thriller (song)

"Thriller" is a song recorded by American singer Michael Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones, first released on Jackson's album Thriller on November 30, 1982. It was rereleased as the album's seventh and final single on January 23, 1984.[1] "Thriller" is a mix of disco and funk. Songwriter Rod Temperton wanted to write a theatrical song to suit Jackson's love of film. The music and lyrics evoke horror films, with sound effects such as thunder, footsteps and wind. It ends with a spoken-word sequence performed by horror actor Vincent Price.

"Thriller"
U.S. 12" vinyl
Single by Michael Jackson
from the album Thriller
B-side"Things I Do for You"
ReleasedJanuary 23, 1984 (1984-01-23)[1]
Format
Recorded1982
StudioWestlake Recording Studios (Los Angeles, California)
Genre
Length4:37
Label
Songwriter(s)Rod Temperton
Producer(s)Quincy Jones
Michael Jackson singles chronology
"Say Say Say"
(1983)		 "Thriller"
(1984)		 "Farewell My Summer Love"
(1984)
Music video
"Thriller" on YouTube

"Thriller" received positive reviews and became the album's seventh top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number four. It reached the top of the charts in Belgium, France and Spain as well as the top 10 in many other countries. "Thriller" is certified 7x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It is one of the best-selling singles of all time having sold over 9 million copies worldwide. Following Jackson's death, his music experienced a surge in popularity.[2] In the week of Jackson's death, it was Jackson's best-selling track in the US, with sales of 167,000 copies on the Billboard Hot Digital Tracks chart.[2] It charted on the Billboard Hot Digital Singles Chart at number two, and remained in the charts' top ten for three consecutive weeks.[3]

"Thriller" won a Grammy Award.[4] It is often cited as a pop culture phenomenon and a Halloween anthem.[5] It appears on several of Jackson's greatest hits albums and has been covered by numerous artists. Michael Jackson's Thriller, the "Thriller" music video, was directed by John Landis and premiered on MTV on December 2, 1983.[6] In the video, Jackson becomes a zombie and performs a dance routine with a horde of the undead. Many elements of the video have had a lasting impact on popular culture, such as the zombie dance and Jackson's red jacket, and it was the first music video inducted into the National Film Registry. It has been named the greatest video of all time by various publications and readers' polls.[7]

Writing

"Thriller" was written by English songwriter Rod Temperton, who had previously written for Jackson's 1979 album Off The Wall.[8] Temperton said he wanted to write something "really theatrical" to suit Jackson's love of film.[8] He improvised with bass and drum patterns until he developed the bassline that runs through the song, then wrote a chord progression that built to a climax.[8] He recalled: "I wanted it to build and build – a bit like stretching an elastic band throughout the tune to heighten suspense."[8]

Temperton's first version was titled "Starlight", with the chorus lyric: "Give me some starlight / Starlight sun".[9] The production team, led by Quincy Jones, felt the song should be the title track, but that "Starlight" was not a strong album title. Instead, they wanted something "mysterious to match Michael’s evolving persona".[8] Temperton considered several possible titles, including "Midnight Man", which Jones felt was "going in the right direction". Finally, he conceived "Thriller", but worried that it was "a crap word to sing ... It sounded terrible! However, we got Michael to spit it into the microphone a few times and it worked."[8]

With the title settled, Temperton wrote lyrics within "a couple of hours".[8] He envisioned a spoken-word sequence for the end of the song, but did not know what form it should take. It was decided to have a famous voice from the horror genre perform it, and Jones' then-wife, Peggy Lipton, suggested her friend Vincent Price.[10] Temperton composed the words for Price's part in a taxi on the way to the studio on the day of recording.[10]

Composition

"Thriller" is a disco/funk song.[11] Set in the key of C# minor,[12] the song has a moderate tempo of 120 beats per minute.[13] The lyrics and sound effects on "Thriller" pertain to frightful elements and themes.[14] At the beginning of the song, sound effects such as a creaking door, thunder, feet walking on wooden planks, winds and howling dogs are heard.[10] The instrumentation consists of a Minimoog synthesizer,[15] a Linn LM-1 drum machine, a Rhodes piano, a Roland Jupiter-8 synthesizer, an electric guitar, a pipe organ, and a horn section consisting of trumpet, trombone, flugelhorn, saxophone, and flute.

Recording
Quincy Jones produced "Thriller".

"Thriller", along with the rest of the album, was recorded over eight weeks in 1982.[16] It was recorded at Westlake Recording Studios on Santa Monica Boulevard in Los Angeles, California.[10]

Engineer Bruce Swedien had Jackson record his vocals in different approaches, doubling takes and recording at different distances from the microphone. Some background vocals were recorded in the Westlake shower stall.[10] The bassline was recorded with two modified Minimoog synthesizers playing in unison.[15]

To record the wolf howls, Swedien set up tape recorders up around his Great Dane in a barn overnight, but the dog never howled. Instead, Jackson recorded the howls himself.[17] For the creaking doors, Swedien rented doors from the Universal Studios film lot, specially designed for sound effects, and recorded the hinges closely.[17] Price recorded his part in two takes; Jones, acknowledging that doing a voice-over for a song is "difficult", praised Price and described his takes as "fabulous".[10]

Critical reception

Ashley Lasimone, of AOL's Spinner.com, noted that it "became a signature for Jackson" and described "the groove of its bassline, paired with Michael's killer vocals and sleek moves" as having "produced a frighteningly great single."[18] Jon Pareles of The New York Times noted that "'Billie Jean', 'Beat It', 'Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' ' and "the movie in the song 'Thriller'", were the songs, unlike the "fluff" "P.Y.T.", that were "the hits that made Thriller a world-beater; along with Mr. Jackson's stage and video presence, listeners must have identified with his willingness to admit terror."[19] Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times described "Thriller" as "adequately groovy" with a "funked-out beat" and lyrics "seemingly lifted from some little kid's 'scary storybook'".[20] [21]

Chart performance

"Thriller" was the seventh and final Billboard Hot 100 top-ten single from the Thriller album. In Billboard issue date February 11, 1984, the single entered the charts at number 20 on the Hot 100.[22] It reached number seven the following week,[23] number five the next, and peaked the next week at number four, where it stayed for two weeks.[24][25] The song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 4, 1989, for sales of over one million physical units in the U.S. (the requirement for gold and platinum singles was lowered after 1989).[26][27] It has sold a further 6 million copies in digital downloads as of August 2018 in the U.S.[28][29] As of August 2018, the song has sold 7.024 million copies in the US.[30]

For the issue date February 25, 1984, "Thriller" charted at number 19 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart.[31] The following week, the song placed at number five.[31] On March 10, 1984, it charted at number 3, where it peaked.[32] "Thriller" debuted on the UK Singles Chart on November 19, 1983, at number 24, and the following week charted at number ten, where it peaked; the song appeared on the chart for 52 weeks.[33] Beginning on February 5, 1984, "Thriller" peaked on the French Singles Chart at number one and topped the chart for four consecutive weeks.[34] "Thriller" also topped the Belgian VRT Top 30 Chart for two weeks in January 1984.[35]

Following Jackson's death, his music experienced a surge in popularity.[2] In the week of Jackson's death, "Thriller" was Jackson's best-selling track in the US, with sales of 167,000 copies on the Billboard Hot Digital Singles Chart.[2] On July 11, 2009, "Thriller" charted on the Billboard Hot Digital Singles Chart at number two (its peak), and the song remained in the charts' top ten for three consecutive weeks.[3] In the United Kingdom, the song charted at number 23 the week of Jackson's death.[36] The following week, the song reached its peak at number 12 on the UK Single Chart.[33] On July 12, 2009, "Thriller" peaked at number two on the Italian Singles Chart[37] and was later certified gold by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry.[38] "Thriller" reached at number three on the Australian ARIA Chart and Swiss Singles Chart and topped the Spanish Singles Charts for one week.[39] The song also placed within the top ten on the German Singles Chart, Norwegian Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart, at number nine, number seven and number eight respectively.[39] "Thriller" also landed at number 25 on the Danish Singles Chart.[40] In the third week of July "Thriller" peaked at number 11 in Finland.[41] The song finished at #78 for the year on Billboard Hot 100 of 1984.

In 2013, "Thriller" re-entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 42.[42] Also, in November 2018, it re-entered at number 31.[43]

Music video

The music video for "Thriller" premiered on MTV on December 2, 1983.[6] It was directed by John Landis and written by Landis and Jackson. In the video, Jackson and his girlfriend (played by Ola Ray) are confronted by zombies while walking home from a movie theater; Jackson becomes a zombie and performs a dance routine with a horde of the undead. The video references numerous horror films.[44]

Jackson contacted Landis after seeing his film An American Werewolf in London. The pair conceived a 13-minute short film with a budget much larger than previous music videos. Jackson's record company refused to finance it, believing Thriller had peaked, so a making-of documentary, Making Michael Jackson's Thriller, was produced to receive financing from television networks.[45]

Michael Jackson's Thriller was launched to great anticipation and played regularly on MTV. It doubled sales of Thriller, and sold over a million copies on VHS, becoming the bestselling videotape at the time.[46] It is credited for transforming music videos into a serious art form, breaking down racial barriers in popular entertainment, and popularizing the making-of documentary format.[47]

Many elements have had a lasting impact on popular culture, such as the zombie dance and Jackson's red jacket, designed by Landis' wife Deborah Nadoolman.[47] Fans worldwide re-enact its zombie dance and it remains popular on YouTube. The Library of Congress described it as "the most famous music video of all time". In 2009, it became the first music video inducted into the National Film Registry as "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant.[48]

Live performances

"Thriller" was performed on all of Michael Jackson's solo tours and was slated to be performed during This Is It. These concerts were unfortunately cancelled due to his death. "Thriller" was performed during Cirque Du Soleil's Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour and is also featured on Immortal.

Cover versions
1980s
2000s
  • In 2001, American-born Australian singer Joe Dolce covered the song on a compilation album, Andrew Denton's Musical Challenge.[49]
  • In 2003, British rock band Aereogramme recorded "Thriller" for their Livers & Lungs EP.[49]
  • In 2004, British electronic music group the Prodigy sampled "Thriller" on their The Way It Is.
  • In 2007, Ian Brown covered "Thriller".[50] Amos Barshad and Nick Catucci, of NYMag.com, commented that "before you dismiss" the song, if you "give it a listen", Brown’s "louche, drugged-out reinvention is actually pretty great."[50][51]
  • In 2008, German group Wise Guys recorded an a cappella version of the song as "Schiller" for their tenth album Frei!. The stage choreography based on Michael Jackson's music video and member Ferenc also recites a part of Friedrich Schiller's Die Bürgschaft.[52]
  • In 2008, "Thriller" was also covered by Ben Gibbard, lead singer of Death Cab for Cutie and the Postal Service.[53]
  • In 2008, industrial metal band Gothminister covered Jackson's song for their album Happiness in Darkness.[49]
  • In October 2009, Imogen Heap covered "Thriller" for BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge.[54]
2010s
  • In 2010, Joey DeFrancesco recorded the song for his tribute album Never Can Say Goodbye: The Music of Michael Jackson.
  • In 2011, Patrick Stump covered the song in an a cappella mash-up tribute along with several other Michael Jackson songs over pre-recorded backing vocals.[55]
  • In 2013, Jiordan Tolli covered an stripped-down slower version of song for fifth season of The X Factor Australia during week two. The cover was released as a single on September 3, 2013. Tolli's performance of "Thriller" debuted at number 63 on the ARIA Singles Chart.[56]
  • In 2014 and 2015, Demi Lovato covered the song on her Demi World Tour. This version included a remixed dancing at the end, which Lovato would dance to with background dancers.[57]
  • In 2017, Scandroid covered the song on the album Monochrome.
  • In 2019, Ice Nine Kills covered the song on the album The Silver Scream: Final Cut.[58]

Personnel

Charts

Certifications
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[94] 3× Platinum 210,000^
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[95] Gold 45,000^
France (SNEP)[96] Platinum 975,000[97]
Italy (FIMI)[98] Platinum 30,000*
Mexico (AMPROFON)[99] Platinum 60,000[100]
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[101] 2× Platinum 100,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[102] Platinum 600,000
United States (RIAA)[103] 6× Platinum (digital) 6,000,000
United States (RIAA)[104] Gold (MT) 500,000^
United States (RIAA)[105] Platinum (physical) 1,000,000^

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

Track listing

Film adaptation

In October 2010, it was found that GK Films plans to produce a horror film inspired by the song, directed by Kenny Ortega and produced with Ivan Reitman.[108][109] As of February 2016, there has been no further news.

See also
  • List of best-selling singles
  • List of best-selling singles in the United States
  • List of most expensive music videos
  • "Michael Jackson's Thriller"
  • Thriller (viral video)
  • Thrill the World

References
  1. Tim McPhate (November 2, 2017). "Michael Jackson's "Thriller": For The Record". The Recording Academy. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
  2. Ed Christman, Antony Bruno (July 2, 2009). "Michael Jackson Music Sales Surge Could Last For Months". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  3. "July 11, 2009". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  4. "Michael Jackson". GRAMMY.com. November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  5. "Top Ten - Halloween Anthems". Clash Magazine. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  6. Richin, Leslie (December 2, 2014). "On This Day In 1983, Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Premiered On MTV". Billboard.
  7. "Rock On The Net: MTV: 100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made". www.rockonthenet.com. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  8. "Revealed: the story behind Jacko's Thriller - M Magazine". M magazine: PRS for Music online magazine. October 31, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  9. Eliot Glazer (September 25, 2009). "Top 1984 Songs". AOLRadioBlog.com. AOL Inc. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  10. Peter Lyle (November 25, 2007). "Michael Jackson's monster smash". Telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  11. Jones, Jel D. Lewis (2005). Michael Jackson, the king of pop: the big picture : the music! the man! the legend! the interviews : an anthology. Amber Books Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 0-9749779-0-X. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
  12. 12tone. "Understanding Thriller".
  13. "Thriller – Michael Jackson Digital Sheet Music (Digital Download)". MusicNotes.com. Alfred Publishing Co. Inc. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  14. George, p. 23
  15. The 14 synthesizers that shaped modern music. Factmag.com. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  16. Simon Vozick-Levinson (February 18, 2008). "Quincy Jones' 'Thriller' Memories". EW.com. Time Warner Inc. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  17. "The making of Michael Jackson's Thriller". MusicRadar. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
  18. Ashley Lasimone (October 28, 2009). "Clash of the Cover Songs: Michael Jackson vs. Imogen Heap". Spinner.com. AOL Inc. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  19. Jon Pareles (September 3, 1987). "Critic's Notebook; How Good Is Jackson's 'Bad'?". NYTImes.com. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  20. Ann Powers (February 15, 2008). "Nine reasons why Jackson masterpiece remains a 'Thriller'". SouthCoastToday.com. Dow Jones Local Media Group. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
  21. Comstock, Miriam Marcus and Courtney. "Thriller Chiller For Jackson" Check |url= value (help). Forbes. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
  22. "Week of February 11, 1984". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  23. "Week of February 18, 1984". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  24. "Week of March 3, 1984". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  25. "Week of March 10, 1984". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  26. "American single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH. 
  27. "Rock Music, etc., Terms". Georgetown College. October 26, 1999. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
  28. "Michael Jackson's Catalogue Garners Major New Gold & Platinum Awards". RIAA. August 23, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  29. Appel, Rich (October 30, 2014). "Revisionist History, Part 3: Michael Jackson Gets Revenge on Prince! Year-End Hits of the Past, Re-Analyzed". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  30. "Hip Hop Single Sales: The Weeknd, Zay Hilfigerrr & Drake". Hip Hop DX. November 13, 2016. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  31. "Week of March 3, 1984". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Archived from the original on January 21, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  32. "Week of March 10, 1984". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  33. "Michael Jackson". Official Charts Company. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
  34. "Toutes les Chansons N° 1 des Années 80". Infodisc.fr. Dominic Durand / InfoDisc. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  35. "Michael Jackson – Thriller". Top30-3.radio2.be (in Dutch). VRT – Auguste Reyerslaan. Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  36. "Chart For Week Up To 04/07/2009". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  37. "Thriller in Italian Chart". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  38. "Certificazioni Download FIMI" (PDF) (in Italian). Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  39. "Michael Jackson – Thriller – Music Charts". Acharts.us. aCharts.us. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  40. "Track Top 40 – July 10, 2009". Hitlisterne.dk. IFPI Danmark & Nielsen Music Control. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  41. "Thriller in Finnish Chart". Hung Medien. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  42. "Eminem Debuts at No. 1 on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart; Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Returns". Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  43. "Top 100 Songs | Billboard Hot 100 Chart". Billboard. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
  44. Griffin, Nancy (July 2010). "The "Thriller" Diaries". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
  45. Griffin, Nancy (July 2010). "The "Thriller" Diaries". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
  46. Griffin, Nancy (July 2010). "The "Thriller" Diaries". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
  47. Hebblethwaite, Phil (November 21, 2013). "How Michael Jackson's Thriller changed music videos for ever". the Guardian. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  48. Griffin, Nancy (July 2010). "The "Thriller" Diaries". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
  49. "Michael Jackson Cover Songs". The Covers Project. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
  50. Amos Barshad; Nick Catucci (July 10, 2009). "Song of the Summer: Michael Jackson Rarities, Remixes, Covers and More!". NYMag.com. New York Media LLC. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  51. "Ian Brown – Thriller (Michael Jackson Cover) | Video Youtube – NMETV Latest Music Videos and Clips". Nme.com. October 16, 2008. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
  52. "'Schiller' von Wise Guys – laut.de – Song". Laut.de. November 16, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
  53. Marvin Marks (June 28, 2009). "Michael Jackson Thriller Covers". MusicByDay.com. Music By Day. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  54. Ashley Lasimone (October 28, 2009). "Clash of the Cover Songs: Michael Jackson vs. Imogen Heap". Spinner.com. AOL Inc. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  55. "Patrick Stump Pays Tribute to Michael Jackson in Awesome A Cappella Medley". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  56. Ryan, Gavin (September 7, 2013). "ARIA Singles: Katy Perry's Roar Spends Third Week at Number One". Noise11. Noise Network. Retrieved September 7, 2013.
  57. "WATCH: Demi Lovato Covers Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' on DEMI World Tour Opening Night". Music Times. September 8, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
  58. https://www.rocksound.tv/news/read/ice-nine-kills-are-releasing-a-deluxe-version-of-their-album-the-silver-scr
  59. Kent, David (2003). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  60. "Top Singles – Volume 40, No. 1, March 10, 1984". RPM. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  61. "Search Results: Thriller". IrishCharts.ie. Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  62. "Nederlandse Top 40 – Michael Jackson" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
  63. "Charts.nz – Michael Jackson – Thriller". Top 40 Singles.
  64. "Top 30 Poland" (PDF). LP3. April 14, 1984. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  65. "SA Charts 1965–March 1989". Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  66. Salaverri, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  67. "Allmusic (Thriller > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles)". Allmusic.com. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  68. Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 118.
  69. "Offiziellecharts.de – Michael Jackson – Thriller". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  70. "Lescharts.com – Michael Jackson – Thriller" (in French). Les classement single.
  71. "Italiancharts.com – Michael Jackson – Thriller". Top Digital Download.
  72. "Dutchcharts.nl – Michael Jackson – Thriller" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  73. "Spanishcharts.com – Michael Jackson – Thriller" Canciones Top 50.
  74. "Austriancharts.at – Michael Jackson – Thriller" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
  75. "Norwegiancharts.com – Michael Jackson – Thriller". VG-lista.
  76. "Swisscharts.com – Michael Jackson – Thriller". Swiss Singles Chart.
  77. "Australian-charts.com – Michael Jackson – Thriller". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
  78. "30 Back Catalogue Singles – July 18, 2009". UltraTop.be. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  79. "30 Back Catalogue Singles – July 4, 2009". UltraTop.be. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  80. "Michael Jackson Album & Song Chart History". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  81. "Michael Jackson: Thriller" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland.
  82. "Download Single Top 50 – 04/07/2009". Lescharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  83. "Swedishcharts.com – Michael Jackson – Thriller". Singles Top 100.
  84. "Michael Jackson Chart History (Digital Song Sales)". Billboard.
  85. "Music: Top 100 Songs" (Week Of: November 16, 2013). Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  86. "Music: Top 100 Songs" (Week Of: November 15, 2014). Billboard. Prometheus Global Media.
  87. "Music: Top 100 Songs" (Week Of: November 21, 2015). Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  88. "Michael Jackson Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  89. Zellner, Xander. "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Returns to Hot 100, Thanks to Halloween Gains". Billboard. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
  90. "Top 100 Songs". Rolling Stone. October 25, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
  91. "Billboard Top 100 – 1984". billboardtop100of.com. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  92. "Årslista Singlar – År 2009" (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  93. "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 2009 – hitparade.ch". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
  94. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2015 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
  95. "Danish single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller". IFPI Denmark. Scroll through the page-list below until year 2018 to obtain certification.
  96. "French single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller" (in French). InfoDisc. Select MICHAEL JACKSON and click OK. 
  97. "Les Singles de Platine" (in French). Infodisc.fr. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
  98. "Italian single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Select "2014" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Select "Thriller" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Singoli online" under "Sezione".
  99. "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Type Michael Jackson in the box under the ARTISTA column heading and Thriller in the box under TÍTULO
  100. "Certificados Musicales Amprofon" (in Spanish). AMPROFON. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  101. "Spanish single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller". El portal de Música. Productores de Música de España.
  102. "British single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller". British Phonographic Industry. Select singles in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type Thriller in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  103. "American single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH. 
  104. "American single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH. 
  105. "American single certifications – Michael Jackson – Thriller". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH. 
  106. "Michael Jackson – Thriller (Chanson)". Lescharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  107. "Michael Jackson - Thriller / Human Nature". Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  108. Fleming Jr., Mike. "Michael Jackson Song 'Thriller' In Center Of Pic Auction". Deadline. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  109. "Michael Jackson's Thriller to become a feature-length movie". Digital Trends. October 29, 2010. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
Bibliography
  • Brooks, Darren (2002). Michael Jackson: An Exceptional Journey. Chrome Dreams. ISBN 1-84240-178-5.
  • George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG.
  • Grant, Adrian (2009). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84938-261-8.
  • Jones, Jel (2005). Michael Jackson, the King of Pop: The Big Picture: the Music! the Man! the Legend! the Interviews!. Amber Books Publishing. ISBN 0-9749779-0-X.
  • Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2004). The Magic and the Madness. Terra Alta, WV: Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4.
  • Halstead, Craig (2003). Michael Jackson The Solo Years. On-Line Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7552-0091-7.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.