Port of Hamburg

The Port of Hamburg (German: Hamburger Hafen) is a sea port on the river Elbe in Hamburg, Germany, 110 kilometres from its mouth on the North Sea.

Port of Hamburg
Hafen Hamburg
Landungsbrücken (“Jetties”), in St. Pauli quarter
Location
CountryGermany
LocationHamburg
Details
Opened7 May 1189
by Frederick I
Operated by
Hamburg Port Authority
Hamburg Hafen und Logistik AG (HHLA)
Owned by
Hamburg Port Authority
Type of harboropen tidal port
Land area43.31 km2 (16.72 sq mi)
Size73.99 km2 (28.57 sq mi)
Employees10,000 (2004)
Statistics
Vessel arrivals 9,681 (2013)[1]
Annual cargo tonnage 145.7 million tonnes (2014)[2]
Annual container volume 9.73 million TEU (2014)[2]
Passenger traffic 589,000 passengers (2014)[3]
Annual revenue €44.4 million (2004)
Main tradesbasic pharmaceutical materials, coffee, spice, carpets, paper
Website
www.hafen-hamburg.de
Satellite image of Hamburg. The Port of Hamburg stretches along the Southern shore of the River Elbe and branches into numerous natural river arms.
Container Terminal Altenwerder

It's Germany's largest port and is named the country's "Gateway to the World" (Tor zur Welt). In terms of TEU throughput, Hamburg is the third-busiest port in Europe (after Rotterdam and Antwerp) and 15th-largest worldwide. In 2014, 9.73 million TEUs (20-foot standard container equivalents) were handled in Hamburg.[4]

The port covers an area of 73.99 km² (64.80 km² usable), of which 43.31 km² (34.12 km²) are land areas. The location is naturally advantaged by a branching Elbe, creating an ideal place for a port complex with warehousing and transshipment facilities. The extensive free port was established when Hamburg joined the German Customs Union. It enabled duty-free storing of imported goods and also importing of materials which were processed, re-packaged, used in manufacturing and then re-exported without incurring customs duties. The free port was abandoned in 2013.

History

The port is almost as old as the history of Hamburg itself. Founded on 7 May 1189 by Frederick I for its strategic location, it has been Central Europe's main port for centuries and enabled Hamburg to develop early into a leading city of trade with a rich and proud bourgeoisie.

During the age of the Hanseatic League from the 13th to 16th century, Hamburg was considered second only to the port and city of Lübeck in terms of its position as a central trading node for sea-borne trade. With discovery of the Americas and the emerging transatlantic trade, Hamburg exceeded all other German ports. During the second half of the 19th century, Hamburg became Central Europe's main hub for transatlantic passenger and freight travel, and from 1871 onward it was Germany's principal port of trade. In her time the Hamburg America Line was the largest shipping company in the world. Since 1888, the HADAG runs a scheduled ferry service across various parts of the port and the Elbe. The Free Port, established on 15 October 1888, enabled traders to ship and store goods without going through customs and further enhanced Hamburg's position in sea trade with neighbouring countries. The Moldauhafen has a similar arrangement, though related to the Czech Republic exclusively.

The Speicherstadt, one of Hamburg's architectural icons today, is a large wharf area of 350,000 m² floor area on the northern shore of the river, built in the 1880s as part of the free port and to cope with the growing quantity of goods stored in the port.

Hamburg shipyards lost fleets twice after World War I and World War II, and during the partition of Germany between 1945 and 1990, the Port of Hamburg lost much of its hinterland and consequently many of its trading connections. However, since German reunification, the fall of the Iron Curtain and European enlargement, Hamburg has made substantial ground as one of Europe's prime logistics centres and as one of the world's largest and busiest sea ports.

Access

Deepening of the river Elbe for large vessels is controversial for ecological reasons. In part due to cooperation with Lower Saxony and Bremen to build a new container port (JadeWeserPort) in the deep waters of Jadebusen in Wilhelmshaven, Hamburg withdrew from this plan after a change of government in 2001.

Terminals
PortOperatorTypeBerthsQuay lengthQuay cranesArea (Ha)Capacity (kTEU)
EUROGATE Container Terminal Hamburg (CTH)EurogateContainers62,050 m211402,900 [5]
Container Terminal Altenwerder (CTA)HHLAContainers41,400 m26110> 3,000 [6]
Container Terminal Burchardkai (CTB)HHLAContainers82,850 m221405,200 [7]
Container Terminal Tollerort (CTT)HHLAContainers41,240 m1240950[8]
Buss Hansa TerminalMulti-Purpose840 m930
Buss Ross TerminalMulti-Purpose230 m1
Rhenus Midgard HamburgRhenus Midgard Hamburg GmbHMulti-Purpose3500 m2
G.T.H. Getreide Terminal HamburgGetreide AGbulk cargo1270 m
KalikaiK+S Transport GmbHbulk cargo
Louis HagelLouis Hagel GmbH & Co. KGbulk cargo2300 m1
Steinwegbulk cargo1,150 m4250
Buss Hansa Terminalliquid cargo840 m
Elbe MineralölwerkeRoyal Dutch Shellliquid cargo8/ship
Vopak Terminal HamburgVopakliquid cargo840 m9720,000 cbm5,000
Hamburg Cruise Center AltonaPassenger1326 m
Hamburg Cruise Center HafenCityPassenger2345 m
Hamburg Cruise Center SteinwerderPassenger1330 m

Cruise

Hamburg is a major cruise destination and one of Europe's largest ports of call for cruise passengers traveling the Atlantic, or the Norwegian and Baltic Seas. The port is also a major location for shipbuilder and shipyards, designing, building and reconditioning yachts and cruise liners. Hamburg has three passenger terminals for cruise ships: Hamburg Cruise Center HafenCity, the Hamburg Cruise Center Altona and the Hamburg Cruise Center Steinwerder, all three capable of processing the world's largest cruise ships.

Panoramic view of the Port of Hamburg as seen from atop Dockland Hamburg

Culture
Flussschifferkirche (Boatman's Church)

The Port of Hamburg is also one of Hamburg's largest attractions, both as a living, industrial and logistic center but also as a backdrop for modern culture and the port's history. Among these are various museum ships, musical theaters, bars, restaurants and hotels - and even a floating boat church.[9]

The annual celebration of the port's birthday (Hafengeburtstag) during the first weekend of May is one of Hamburg's biggest public events. National and international visitors come to experience the festivities. Tugboats perform "ballets", old galleons and new cruise ships are open for tours, and fireworks explode at night.

Tour guides on boat tours in the port are called he lüchts (Low German for he is lying) after an often used call of dock workers when they overheard the stories told to tourists.

See also
  • BallinStadt
  • Elbe 17

References
  1. "Welcome to the Port of Hamburg". Die offizielle Internetseite des Hamburger Hafens.
  2. "Welcome to the Port of Hamburg". The official website of the Port of Hamburg.
  3. Anzahl der Kreuzfahrtpassagiere im Hamburger Hafen in den Jahren 2000 bis 2015 (German), Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016
  4. "Welcome to the Port of Hamburg". Die offizielle Internetseite des Hamburger Hafens.
  5. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-02-18. Retrieved 2008-11-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-11-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-11-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. Deutschland, Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG, Hamburg. "HHLA Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG: Technische Daten". hhla.de.
  9. e.V., Förderverein der Flussschifferkirche. "Die ev.-luth. Flussschifferkirche zu Hamburg". www.flussschifferkirche.de.

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