Mandy Patinkin

Mandel Bruce Patinkin (/pəˈtɪŋkɪn/; born November 30, 1952) is an American actor and singer.[1][2]

Mandy Patinkin
Patinkin in 2008
Born
Mandel Bruce Patinkin

(1952-11-30) November 30, 1952
Other namesMandel Bruce Patinkin
Mardy Marterson
EducationUniversity of Kansas, Lawrence
Juilliard School
OccupationActor, singer
Years active1974–present
Spouse(s)
Kathryn Grody (m. 1980)
Children2
WebsiteOfficial website

Patinkin is well known for his portrayal of Inigo Montoya in the 1987 film The Princess Bride. His other film credits include Yentl (1983), Alien Nation (1988), Dick Tracy (1990),[3] The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland (1999), and Wish I Was Here (2014). He has appeared in major roles in television series such as Chicago Hope, Dead Like Me, and Criminal Minds, and currently plays Saul Berenson in the Showtime series Homeland.

He is a noted interpreter of the musical works of Stephen Sondheim and is known for his work in musical theater, originating iconic roles such as Georges Seurat in Sunday in the Park with George and Che in the original Broadway production of Evita.

Early life

Patinkin was born in Chicago, Illinois, on November 30, 1952, to Doris "Doralee" (née Sinton), a homemaker, and Lester Patinkin, who operated two large Chicago-area metal factories, the People's Iron & Metal Company and the Scrap Corporation of America.[3][4][5] His mother wrote Grandma Doralee Patinkin's Jewish Family Cookbook.[3] Patinkin's cousins include Mark Patinkin, an author and nationally syndicated columnist for The Providence Journal; Sheldon Patinkin of Columbia College Chicago's Theater Department, a founder of The Second City;[6] and Bonnie Miller Rubin, a Chicago Tribune reporter.

Patinkin grew up in an upper-middle-class family, descended from Jewish immigrants (from Russia and Poland), and was raised in Conservative Judaism,[2][7][8] attending religious school daily "from the age of seven to 13 or 14" and singing in synagogue choirs, as well as attending the Camp Surah in Michigan.[2]

He attended South Shore High School, Harvard St. George School, and Kenwood High School (later renamed Kenwood Academy), and graduated in 1970.[9] He attended the University of Kansas and the Juilliard School (Drama Division Group 5: 1972–1976).[10] At Juilliard, he was a classmate of Kelsey Grammer. When the producers of the popular American sitcom Cheers were holding auditions for the role of Dr. Frasier Crane, Patinkin put Grammer's name forward.[11]

Career

After some television commercial and radio appearances (including the CBS Radio Mystery Theater in 1974), Patinkin had his first success in musical theater,[1] where he played the part of Che in Evita on Broadway in 1979.[12] Patinkin went on to win the 1980 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical.[1][2][12] He then moved to film, playing parts in movies such as Yentl[2] and Ragtime. He returned to Broadway in 1984 to star in the Pulitzer Prize-winning musical Sunday in the Park with George,[13] which saw him earn another Tony Award nomination for Best Actor (Musical).[2][13]

Patinkin played Inigo Montoya in Rob Reiner's 1987 The Princess Bride, playing the role of the best swordsman in the country, short of the main character. Over the next decade, he continued to appear in movies, such as Dick Tracy and Alien Nation.

On Broadway, Patinkin appeared in the musical The Secret Garden in 1991, and was nominated for the 1991 Drama Desk Award as Outstanding Actor in a Musical.[14] He also released two solo albums, titled Mandy Patinkin (1989)[15] and Dress Casual (1990).[16]

In 1994, Patinkin took the role of Dr. Jeffrey Geiger on CBS's Chicago Hope[2] for which he won an Emmy Award. However, despite the award and the ratings success of the show, Patinkin left the show during the second season because he was unhappy spending so much time away from his wife and children.[17] He returned to the show in 1999 at the beginning of the sixth season, but it was later canceled in 2000. Since Chicago Hope, Patinkin has appeared in a number of films. However, he has mostly performed as a singer, releasing three more albums. In 1995, he guest-starred in The Simpsons in the episode "Lisa's Wedding" as Hugh Parkfield, Lisa's future English groom.

Mamaloshen, Patinkin's musical production of songs sung entirely in Yiddish, premiered in 1998. He has performed the show on Broadway and in venues around the United States. The recorded version won a Deutscher Schallplattenpreis award in Germany.[18]

In 1999, Patinkin co-starred in the second Sesame Street film The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland as Huxley, an abusive, childish, sadistic and greedy man with abnormally large eyebrows, who steals whatever he can grab and then claims it as his own.[19] Patinkin returned to Broadway in 2000 in the New York Shakespeare Festival production of John LaChiusa's The Wild Party, earning another Tony Award nomination for Best Actor (Musical).[20] In 2003-2004 he appeared in the Showtime comedy–drama Dead Like Me as Rube Sofer. In 2004 he played a six–week engagement of his one–man concert at the Off-Broadway complex Dodger Stages.

In September 2005, Patinkin debuted in the role of Jason Gideon, an experienced profiler just coming back to work after a series of nervous breakdowns, in the CBS crime drama TV show Criminal Minds.[1] Patinkin was absent from a table read for Criminal Minds and did not return for a third season. The departure from the show was not due to contractual or salary matters, but over creative differences. He left apologetic letters for his fellow cast members explaining his reasons and wishing them luck. Many weeks before his departure, in a videotaped interview carried in the online magazine Monaco Revue, Patinkin told journalists at the Festival de Télévision de Monte-Carlo that he loathed violence on television and was uncomfortable with certain scenes in Criminal Minds. He later called his choice to do Criminal Minds his "biggest public mistake," and stated that he "thought it was something very different. I never thought they were going to kill and rape all these women every night, every day, week after week, year after year. It was very destructive to my soul and my personality, and after that, I didn't think I would get to work in television again."[21]

Patinkin spoke of having planned to tour the world with a musical and wanting to inject more comedy into the entertainment business.[22] In later episodes of Criminal Minds, during the 2007–08 season, Jason Gideon was written out of the series and replaced by Special Agent David Rossi (played by Joe Mantegna). Gideon was later officially killed off, ending all chances of a guest appearance by Patinkin on the show.

On October 14, 2009, it was announced that Patinkin would be a guest star on an episode of Three Rivers, which aired on November 15, 2009. He played a patient with Lou Gehrig's disease injured in a car accident who asks the doctors at Three Rivers Hospital to take him off life support so his organs can be donated. He filmed an appearance on The Whole Truth that had been scheduled to air December 15, 2010, but ABC pulled the series from its schedule two weeks prior.[23]

He starred in the new musical Paradise Found, co-directed by Harold Prince and Susan Stroman, at the Menier Chocolate Factory, London. The musical played a limited engagement from May 2010 through June 26, 2010.[24]

Patinkin and Patti LuPone performed their concert An Evening with Patti LuPone and Mandy Patinkin on Broadway for a limited 63-performance run starting November 21, 2011, at the Barrymore Theatre, and which ended on January 13, 2012. This concert marks the first time the pair has performed together on Broadway since they appeared together in Evita.[25][26]

He currently costars with Claire Danes on the Showtime series Homeland which initially aired in 2011.[27][28] He portrays counterterrorism operative Saul Berenson, protagonist Carrie Mathison's (Danes) mentor. For his performance, Patinkin has been nominated for a Golden Globe and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Explaining what he learned from the character, he stated that "The line between good and evil runs through each one of us."[29]

Patinkin was announced as playing the role of Pierre in the Broadway musical Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 starting August 15, 2017.[30] He would have a limited run through September 3, replacing former Hamilton star Okieriete Onaodowan.[31] The role was originated by Josh Groban. Patinkin later dropped out of the role.[32]

In 2018, Patinkin returned to recorded music with the album Diary: January 27, 2018 which was produced by pianist Thomas Bartlett.[33]

Personal life

Patinkin married actress and writer Kathryn Grody on April 15, 1980.[34] They have two sons, Isaac and Gideon. Gideon joined his father onstage in Dress Casual in 2011.[35] Patinkin has described himself as "Jewish with a dash of Buddhist" belief. On the Canadian radio program Q, Patinkin describes himself as a "JewBu" because of this mix of beliefs[36] and "spiritual but not religious."[37]

Patinkin suffered from keratoconus, a degenerative eye condition, in the mid-1990s. This led to two corneal transplants, his right cornea in 1997 and his left in 1998.[38] He was also diagnosed with and treated for prostate cancer in 2004.[39] He celebrated his first year of recovery in 2005 by doing a 265-mile (426 km) charity bike ride with his son, Isaac – the Arava Institute Hazon Israel Ride: Cycling for Peace, Partnership & Environmental Protection.[40]

Patinkin has been involved in a variety of Jewish causes and cultural activities. He sings in Yiddish, often in concert, and on his album Mamaloshen.[41] He also wrote introductions for two books on Jewish culture, The Jewish American Family Album, by Dorothy and Thomas Hoobler, and Grandma Doralee Patinkin's Holiday Cookbook: A Jewish Family's Celebrations, by his mother, Doralee Patinkin Rubin.

In May 2012, Patinkin delivered the opening speech at the Annual Convention of the Israeli Left, where he recounted his experiences during a visit to the West Bank with members of the Breaking the Silence organization.[42]

Patinkin contributed to the children's book Dewey Doo-it Helps Owlie Fly Again: A Musical Storybook, inspired by Christopher Reeve. The award-winning book, published in 2005, benefits the Christopher Reeve Foundation and includes an audio CD with Patinkin singing and reading the story as well as Dana Reeve and Bernadette Peters singing.[43]

On December 21, 2015, Patinkin was on the Charlie Rose program on PBS talking about his recent trip to Greece to help refugees from war-torn Syria and his acting role on the television series Homeland. He stated that he wanted to help "create opportunity and better systems of living and existing, to give freedom, justice and dignity, quality of life to humanity all over the world."[44]

Awards and nominations

Awards
  • 1980: Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical Evita
  • 1987: CableACE Award for Best Actor in a Theatrical or Dramatic Special Sunday in the Park with George
  • 1995: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series Chicago Hope
Nominations
  • 1984: Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Yentl
  • 1984: Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical Sunday in the Park with George
  • 1990: Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor Alien Nation
  • 1995: Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama Chicago Hope
  • 1995: Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series Chicago Hope
  • 1996: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series The Larry Sanders Show: "Eight"
  • 1999: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series Chicago Hope: "Curing Cancer"
  • 2000: Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical The Wild Party
  • 2003: DVD Exclusive Award for Best Original Song in a DVD, Premiere Movie Run Ronnie Run: "How High the Mountain"
  • 2013: Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television Homeland
  • 2013: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Homeland
  • 2014: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Homeland
  • 2017: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Homeland
  • 2018: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Homeland

Filmography

Film

YearTitleRoleNotes
1978The Big FixPool Man
1979French PostcardsSayyid
Last EmbraceFirst Commuter
1980Night of the JugglerAllesandro the Cabbie
1981RagtimeTateh
1983YentlAvigdorNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
DanielPaul Isaacson
1985MaxieNick Cheyney
1987The Princess BrideInigo Montoya
1988Alien NationDetective Samuel 'George' FranciscoNominated—Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor
The House on Carroll StreetRay Salwen
1990Dick Tracy88 Keys
1991True ColorsJohn Palmeri
ImpromptuAlfred de Musset
The DoctorDr. Murray Kaplan
1993The Music of ChanceJim Nashe
Life with MikeyIrate Man
1994Squanto: A Warrior's TaleBrother Daniel
1998Lulu on the BridgePhilip Kleinman
Men with GunsAndrew
1999The Adventures of Elmo in GrouchlandHuxley
Sonic the HedgehogMr. President's aideVoice role
2001PiñeroJoseph Papp
2002Run Ronnie RunHimself
2003Celebrity Train Layouts: Mandy PatinkinHimself
Castle in the SkyCharlesEnglish dubbing
2006Choking ManRick
Everyone's HeroStanley IrvingVoice role
20104.3.2.1.Jago Larofsky
2011Jock the Hero DogBasilVoice role
2013The Wind RisesHattoriEnglish dubbing
2014Wish I Was HereGabe Bloom
2016Ali and NinoDuke Kipiani
The Queen of SpainJordan Berman
2017Smurfs: The Lost VillagePapa SmurfVoice role
WonderMr. Tushman
2018Life ItselfIrwin Dempsey
2019Before You Know ItMel Gurner

Television

YearTitleRoleNotes
1977CharlestonBeaudine CroftTV movie
1978That Thing on ABCPerformerTV movie
TaxiAlanEpisode: "Memories of Cab 804 (Part 2)"
1986American PlayhouseGeorges Seurat / GeorgeEpisode: Sunday in the Park with George
CableACE Award for Best Actor in a Theatrical or Dramatic Special
1994–2000Chicago HopeDr. Jeffrey Geiger60 episodes
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series (1995)
Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama (1994)
Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series (1999)
Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series (1995–96)
Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series (1994)
1994Picket FencesDr. Jeffrey GeigerEpisode: "Rebels with Causes"
1995The SimpsonsHugh ParkfieldVoice role, Episode: "Lisa's Wedding"
1996Broken GlassDr. Harry Hyman[2]TV movie
1997The HunchbackQuasimodoTV movie
Nominated—CableACE Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie
The Larry Sanders ShowHimselfEpisode: "Eight"
Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series
1999Strange JusticeKenneth DubersteinTV movie
2001Touched by an AngelSatanEpisode: "Netherlands"
Boston PublicIsaac RiceEpisode: "Chapter Twenty-Two"
2003Law & OrderLevi MarchEpisode: "Absentia"
2003–2004Dead Like MeRube Sofer29 episodes
2004NTSB: The Crash of Flight 323Al CummingsTV movie
2005–2007Criminal MindsJason GideonLead role; 47 episodes (Seasons 1-3)
2009Three RiversVictorEpisode: "The Luckiest Man"
2011–presentHomelandSaul Berenson82 episodes
Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film (2012)
Nominated—Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (2013–14, 2017–18)
Nominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series (2012–15)
2011Wonder Pets!GroundhogVoice role, Episode: "Help the Groundhog!/Help the Lion Cub!"
2015Nina's WorldMr. LambertVoice role, Episode: "Nina's Library Hop"

Stage

Broadway

  • Trelawny of the 'Wells' (1975) – Mr. Arthur Gower
  • Hamlet (1975–76) – Fortinbras, Player King
  • The Shadow Box (1977) – Mark
  • Evita (1979) – Che (Tony Award, 1980)
  • Sunday in the Park with George (1984) – Georges Seurat/George (Tony Award nominee, 1984)
  • Mandy Patinkin in Concert: Dress Casual (1989)
  • The Secret Garden (1991) – Archibald Craven
  • Falsettos (1993) – Marvin (Replacement)
  • Sunday in the Park with George (Tenth Anniversary Concert) (1994) – Georges Seurat/George
  • Mandy Patinkin in Concert (1997)
  • Mandy Patinkin in Concert: Mamaloshen (1998)
  • The Wild Party (2000) – Burrs (Tony Award nominee, 2000)
  • Celebrating Sondheim (2002)
  • An Evening with Patti LuPone and Mandy Patinkin (2011)

Other theatre

  • Rebel Woman (1976) – Major Robert Steele Strong
  • Savages (1977) – Carlos Esquerdo
  • Split (1978) – Paul
  • Leave It to Beaver is Dead (1979) – Saverin
  • Henry IV, Part 1 (1981) – Hotspur
  • Follies in Concert (1985) (Lincoln Center) – Buddy Plummer (with Barbara Cook, Lee Remick, George Hearn, etc. conducted by Paul Gemignani)[45]
  • The Knife (1987) – Peter
  • The Winter's Tale (1989) – Leontes
  • An Enemy of the People (2003) (Williamstown Theater Festival) – Dr. Stockmann
  • The Tempest (2008) (Classic Stage Company) – Prospero
  • Paradise Found (2010) (Menier Chocolate Factory, London, UK) – Eunuch
  • Compulsion (by Rinne Groff) (2011) (Yale Repertory Theatre, Berkeley Repertory Theatre, and The Public Theater) – Sid Silver[46]

Discography

  • Evita (cast album, 1979)
  • Sunday in the Park with George (cast album, 1984)[2]
  • South Pacific (London Studio Cast) (1986)
  • Mandy Patinkin (1989)
  • Dress Casual (1990)
  • The Secret Garden (cast album, 1991)
  • Experiment (1994)
  • Oscar & Steve (1995)[2]
  • Man of La Mancha (with Plácido Domingo) (1996)
  • Mamaloshen (1998)
  • Myths and Hymns (cast album, 1999)[47]
  • The Wild Party (cast album, 2000)
  • Kidults (2001)
  • Mandy Patinkin Sings Sondheim (2002)
  • Diary: January 27, 2018 (2018)[33]
  • Diary: April/May 2018 (2018)
  • Diary: December 2018 (2019)
  • Children and Art (2019)

References

  1. "Mandy, Patti-Real Cozy". Philadelphia Inquirer.
  2. "Meet a guy called Mandy". Jewish Chronicle. May 17, 1996. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  3. "Mandy Patinkin Biography". Yahoo! Movies. 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  4. "Mandy Patinkin Biography". filmreference. 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  5. "Suburbanite Economist from Chicago, Illinois · Page 29". Newspapers.com.
  6. "Sheldon Patinkin, Force in Chicago Theater, Dies at 79". The New York Times. September 28, 2014.
  7. Danielle Berrin (January 31, 2008). "Sondheim and Yiddish songs are 'like prayer' for Patinkin". JewishJournal. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  8. "A Lifetime of Seders". Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  9. Curt Wagner. "Chicago's TV connection: Our small screen stars". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2012. See image 32.
  10. "Alumni News: November 2011". Juilliard.edu. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Mandy Patinkin (Group 5)
  11. Ouzounian, Richard (April 24, 2010). "Kelsey Grammer's return to the Great White Way". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
  12. " Evita on Broadway" Archived June 1, 2015, at the Wayback Machine playbillvault.com, accessed May 24, 2015
  13. " Sunday in the Park with George on Broadway" Archived May 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine playbillvault.com, accessed May 24, 2015
  14. " The Secret Garden on Broadway" Archived June 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine playbillvault.com, accessed May 24, 2015
  15. "Mandy Patinkin" cduniverse.com, accessed November 24, 2011
  16. "Dress Casual" cduniverse.com, accessed November 24, 2011
  17. Pergament, Alan (July 24, 1995). "A CHANGE IN THE CAST OF 'CHICAGO HOPE'". The Buffalo News. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  18. "Biography - Mandy Patinkin". Except For This, LLC. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
  19. "Criminal Minds Stars' Interview on Contract Talks". E! News Online. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  20. The Wild Party Archived May 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine playbillvault.com, accessed May 24, 2015
  21. Abramovitch, Seth (September 13, 2012). "Mandy Patinkin: 'Criminal Minds' Was 'Destructive to My Soul'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  22. "Videotaped interview with Monaco Revue". Monacorevue.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013.
  23. Natalie Abrams. "Mandy Patinkin to Guest-Star on Three Rivers". TV Guide.
  24. Jones, Kenneth."Strauss-Kissed Paradise Found Opens in London; Prince, Stroman, Nelson, Tunick and Fitzhugh Lead the Waltz" Archived May 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Playbill, May 26, 2010
  25. An Evening with Patti LuPone and Mandy Patinkin Archived December 18, 2014, at the Wayback Machine pattiandmandyonbroadway.com
  26. Isherwood, Charles.Old Friends Reunited Once Again" The New York Times, November 21, 2011
  27. Andreeva, Nellie (December 9, 2010). "Mandy Patinkin In Showtime's 'Homeland'". Deadline. Archived from the original on July 29, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  28. Ng, Philiana (December 15, 2010). "Mandy Patinkin Signs On for Showtime's 'Homeland'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  29. Mandy Patinkin Wants Us To Exercise Our Humanity. December 19, 2015 via YouTube.
  30. Lefkowitz, Andy. "Mandy Patinkin Will Return to Broadway in Natasha, Pierre, and The Great Comet of 1812". Broadway.com. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
  31. Gans, Andrew. "Mandy Patinkin Will Return to Broadway in The Great Comet". Playbill.
  32. Paulson, Michael (July 27, 2017). "Mandy Patinkin Withdraws From 'The Great Comet'". The New York Times. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  33. "Mandy Patinkin's "Diary: January 27, 2018," Recorded with Thomas Bartlett, Out Now on Nonesuch - Nonesuch Records". Nonesuch Records Official Website. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  34. Patinkin, Mandy (April 17, 2020). "42 years and one day after our first date. True love". @patinkinmandy. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  35. Pressley, Nelson (June 11, 2011). "Mandy Patinkin in concert at Strathmore". Washington Post. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  36. Paskin, Willa (September 9, 2012). "Mandy Patinkin on Season Two of 'Homeland'". New York Magazine. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
  37. TV and Radio (September 26, 2012). "Mandy Patinkin on Homeland: 'I have no problem with violence'". Telegraph. London. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
  38. Moran, Reed W."Mandy Patinkin saves sight with corneal transplants" USA Today, March 6, 2001
  39. Shipp, Laura."Mandy Patinkin - Actor, Singer, Prostate Cancer Survivor" copingmag.com, January/February 2009
  40. Staff "Mandy Patinkin to take to the road", May 22, 2005
  41. Solomont, E.B."Broadway Star Mandy Patinkin Finds His Forte: Yiddish" The Forward, June 10, 2005
  42. Mandy Patinkin Speaking at Peace Now Conference on YouTube
  43. "The Helpful Doo-its Project". Dooits-CReeve. Archived from the original on November 7, 2007. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
  44. "Mandy Patinkin, December 21, 2015 Transcript and Video" Archived April 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine charlierose.com, retrieved April 5, 2017
  45. "'Follies in Concert', 1985" Archived November 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine sondheimguide.com, accessed November 24, 2011
  46. Brantley, Ben."The Young Girl Pulls the Strings in This Relationship" The New York Times, February 17, 2011
  47. Suskin, Steven. "On the Record: 'Little Me', 'Charlie Brown' and especially, Adam Guettel" playbill.com, March 21, 1999
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