Luna Park Sydney

Luna Park Glenelg, in Glenelg, South Australia. The rides from this park were brought to Sydney and used to open Luna Park, Sydney.

The location of Luna Park was formerly occupied by a series of workshops, cranes, and railway sidings used to provide for the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. When the Harbour Bridge was completed in 1932, North Sydney Council opened applications for tenders to develop the site. At the same time, Herman Phillips, David Atkins, and Ted "Hoppy" Hopkins, the minds behind Luna Park, Glenelg in Glenelg, South Australia, began to search for a location to establish a new Luna Park, due to difficulties with Glenelg Council and local residents.[6]^:49

The first "Luna Park" was opened at Coney Island, New York in 1903. The first Luna Park in Australia opened in St Kilda, Melbourne in 1912; followed by another at Glenelg in 1930 to a design by Rupert Browne. Luna Park, Glenelg was owned by the Phillips brothers: Herman, Leon and Harold and managed by David Atkins. When the South Australian venture faced difficulties in 1934 the Philips looked for a suitable place in Sydney. At the same time tenders were sought to use the former Dorman Long site for public amusements. Herman Phillips, who formed Luna Park (NSW) Ltd (with his brothers and A. A. Abrahams), won the tender. The lease was for 20 years and started on 11 September 1935 for a 20-year period at an annual rent of ₤1,500. Immediately after this, Luna Park Glenelg was placed in voluntary liquidation.[6]^:49 The rides from Glenelg were purchased by Phillips and his fellow directors, dismantled, transported to Sydney, and reassembled at the Milsons Point site.[6]^:49 The construction and reassembly cost £60,000, took place over a three-month period in 1935 by Stuart Brothers under the direction of David Atkins and Ted Hopkins, and employed almost 1,000 engineers, structural workers, fitters, and artists, led by Hoppy and Arthur "Art" Barton.[6]^:56–57

Performers from the Hollywood Hotel revue riding the Big Dipper in 1935.

Luna Park was officially opened to the public on 4 October 1935, to almost immediate success.[6]^:58,68 Long queues waited in front of the park's notable entry's giant face, designed by Rupert Browne. Most wanted to rush in and be first on the Big Dipper, the park's rickety roller coaster ride.[7] The North Sydney Olympic Pool was opened the following year on an adjacent site.[1] After a successful opening season, the park closed down for the winter months (a process which was repeated until 1972).[6]^:68 During the closed season, rides were overhauled and repainted, and new rides and attractions were added, to provide the impression to patrons that the park had changed during the three-month closures.[6]^:68

During the Second World War, Luna Park was a magnet for servicemen; both those treating their girlfriends to a night out, and those looking to meet someone.[6]^:78 The park's external lights were 'browned out' in case of a Japanese sneak attack on Sydney, the neon lights were disconnected, and non-essential uses of electricity (primarily for ride facades) were curtailed.[6]^:78 The influx of servicemen drew prostitutes to the area,[6]^:79 and large-scale brawls were a common occurrence - usually between Australian home defence troops and American sailors on shore leave.[6]^:76

Luna Park lighted windmill, Nov 1948

In the early 1950s, numerous changes and additions were made to Luna Park. Atkins and Hopkins went on a world tour, bringing back new ride designs and amusements from amusement parks in the Netherlands, the United States, Germany, and Britain. The Rotor was constructed and installed, and became the stage of many stunts.[6]^:90 Arthur Barton redesigned and reconstructed the enormous face over the park's entrance, which had begun to sag and distort.[6]^:90 This design of the Face was based on illustrations of Old King Cole, and was the basis for the current incarnation of the Face.[6]^:90

The heyday for Luna Park was between 1935 and 1970. During this period the Park underwent a series of alterations including the introduction of new rides and amusements. The original entrance and famous face were remodelled in 1938–9, 1946–7, 1960, 1973, 1982 and 1995. In 1950 the Phillips brothers, now in their 60s, were bought out by David Atkins, Ted Hopkins and the others. Hopkins (known as 'Hoppy') became the manager of Luna Park in 1957 after the death of Atkins. When Hopkins retired in 1969 the leasehold was taken over by World Trade Centre Pty Ltd. Under the new management, winter closures were abandoned. As Luna Park was opened all year around there was no opportunity to carry out regular maintenance works on the rides.[1]

Luna Park and Milsons Point, as seen from the Harbour Bridge.

A version of the Rotor, the spinning machine inveted by Professor Hoffmeister, which had been a big hit at the Festival of Britain in 1951, was erected in Luna Park. This worked by centrifugal force and remains in operation today. A man named Thompson came up with the idea for a ride named "A Trip to the Moon" at Coney Island, New York, in 1902 and this became the centrepiece of the world's first Luna Park.[7][1]

The increasing availability of television and motor cars in the late 1950s and early 1960s offered the public significant entertainment alternatives.[6]^:98 Despite efforts by Hopkins (at that point Park Manager) to maintain public interest throughout the late 1950s and 1960s, including the installation of the Wild Mouse and the hiring of silhouette artist S. John Ross (who stayed at the park for thirty years), the park and the remaining six years of its lease were sold in 1969.[6]^:97–99[8]

A consortium named World Trade Centre Pty Ltd purchased the site and lease for $750,000.[6]^:99 Hopkins and Barton, the last of the 'original showmen' that had built, run, and maintained the park, retired in 1970, leaving the park in the hands of the purchasing consortium.[6]^:99 Soon after this, World Trade Centre Pty Ltd applied to construct a $50 million international trade centre on the Luna Park site, consisting of seven high-rise buildings, 929,000 square metres (10,000,000 sq ft) of exhibition space, and a heliport.[6]^:102 This plan was rejected by the Government of New South Wales, and, after a reshuffle within the consortium, the decision was made to continue operation as an amusement park.[6]^:102

Over the next few years, the new managers scrapped several of the old rides, replacing them with new, American-designed thrill rides.[6]^:104 After consultation with Hanna-Barbera, Luna Park's slogan was temporarily changed from "Just for Fun" to "The Place where Happiness is".[6]^:104 Another result of the consultation was the creation of a short-lived park mascot, 'Luna Bear - the Space Age Koala'.[6]^:104 The park was opened year-round in 1972, removing the ride overhaul and maintenance period.[6]^:105 In 1973 Martin Sharp and Peter Kingston undertook repainting works on the Park in the Pop Art Style which included a new expression on the entrance face.[6]^:106 By 1975, Luna Park was operating on a week-to-week lease with plans to develop the Lavender Bay foreshores as a "Tivoli Gardens".[1]

When Luna Park's lease expired in 1975, the directors went into negotiation with the New South Wales government to renew it.[6]^:108–109 However, when Neville Wran became Premier in 1976 the negotiations ground to a halt. The park was allowed to continue operating.[6]^:108–109 In 1977 an exhibition was held at the Art Gallery of NSW called "Fairground Arts and Novelties" highlighting the important aspects of Luna Park. Artists Martin Sharp, Peter Kingston, Richard Liney and Gary Shead did major colour schemes and art works throughout the park. "It took us a while to realise that Luna Park was an artwork in itself, a city state of illusion, a brilliant feat of engineering with imagination, created and maintained by men. Sydney must acknowledge the importance of Luna Park. To lose it now would be a tragedy."[1][9]

On 16 April 1979, thirteen people were injured on the Big Dipper.[6]^:108–9 A steel runner had come loose, halting one of the three rollercoaster trains.[6]^:108–9 The following train rammed the stationary one, causing the injuries.[6]^:108–9

On 9 June 1979 the park's Ghost Train caught fire.[6]^:110 The fire quickly destroyed the ride, which was understaffed and not adequately covered by the park's fire hose system, although it was contained before spreading to the nearby Big Dipper and River Caves.[6]^:110 Searches of the charred rubble revealed the bodies of six children and one adult.[6]^:110 The park was immediately shut down.[1][6]^:110 A coronial inquest was unable to establish the cause of the fire, but concluded that Luna Park's managers and operators had failed in their duty of care towards the park's patrons.[6]^:110

The NSW government called for tenders at the end of July 1979.[6]^:111 Two rounds of tenders failed to produce a satisfactory result for both the government and the applicants.[6]^:111–112 A third round of tenders was called for in March 1980.[6]^:112 As these tenders were being considered, Friends of Luna Park, a group founded by former and current Luna Park artists and concerned citizens, organised a "Save Luna Park" protest march from the Opera House to the Face.[6]^:112 This was followed by a free concert headlined by Mental As Anything to promote awareness of the Park's plight.[6]^:112 One of the results of this was the listing of the Luna Park Face as an item of national heritage by the National Trust of Australia, with the rest of Luna Park given a 'recorded' classification.[6]^:112 The Big Dipper roller coaster suffered a demise in June 1981. Along with much of the original park, it was demolished by then owner, Col Goldstein. In the month before demolition, anything detachable was auctioned off; the River Caves, for example, sold for $20, purchased by the Friends of Luna Park. Rides long gone included the Tumble Bug, the Turkey Trot, the Barrels of Fun and the River Caves. Davey Jones' Locker is now but a painted facade.[7] In 1981 the Luna Park Site Bill was passed which meant Luna Park Holdings had to vacate the site. Luna Park memorabilia and rides, dating from 1935 to 1981, were auctioned off.[6]^:112–120 The Friends of Luna Park prepared a Conservation Plan in 1981.[1]

Australian Amusements Associates won the tender in September 1980, and took over administration of the site in early June 1981.[6]^:114 On 31 May and 1 June, an auction was held to sell everything in the park that could be removed.[6]^:115 Two days later, everything that had not been sold (with the exception of the Face, Crystal Palace, and Coney Island) was bulldozed to the ground and burnt.[6]^:115 The park was rebuilt by Australian Amusements, following design advice from Texas-based LARC International.[6]^:115

Harbourside Amusement Park opened in April 1982 (the change in name caused by a dispute between the current and previous owners, preventing use of the Luna Park name until August of that year).[6]^:116[10] The park ran until 1988. During this six-year period, the Face was removed from over the entry gates on two occasions, the owners of Harbourside were involved in two disputes with the Department of Public Works, and one director was the subject of an inquiry by the Corporate Affairs Commission.[6]^:118 The park was closed on 10 April 1988, when reports from independent engineers were presented stating that several rides in the park had to be shut down for "renovations and repairs".[6]^:119 The entrance face which was a fibreglass caste of the 1973 Martin Sharp face was re-located to storage owned by the Powerhouse Museum.[1]

In November 1988, Harbourside's lease was transferred to Luna Park Investments Pty Ltd.[6]^:119 A year later, after no efforts had been made to repair and reopen Luna Park, and several submissions to replace most or all of the amusement park with high-rise apartment blocks and hotels, the New South Wales State Government issued an ultimatum to the company - open Luna Park by 1 June 1990, or lose the lease.[6]^:119–120 Despite this ultimatum, Luna Park Investments did little to prepare the site. Rides were moved around, repainted, and renamed, to give the appearance that the new owners were trying to make an effort.[6]^:121 The directors kept putting forward excuses to try to gain an extension, even declaring a trade union ban on their own site.[6]^:121 Four days after the government ultimatum passed, the lease was terminated and the Luna Park Reserve Trust was established.[6]^:121 Soon after this, the National Heritage Trust added several buildings on the site to its list of protected structures.[6]^:121

On 12 October 1990, the "Luna Park Site Act 1990" was gazetted, although the Act had been used prior to this to terminate Harbourside's lease and establish the Luna Park Reserve Trust.[6]^:121 The Act was intended to protect the site of the park, dedicating it for amusement and public recreation.[6]^:121 This act made Luna Park one of only two amusement parks in the world to be protected by government legislation, the other being Denmark's Tivoli Gardens.[11]

In 1991, the first two stages of the three-stage redevelopment and restoration plan for Luna Park was given the green light, with $25 million granted by the Open Space and Heritage Fund towards the project.[6]^:122 The third stage, involving the demolition of sections of the old North Shore railway line (in use as a holding area for trains outside peak hour since 1932) and construction of parkland, an amphitheatre, art gallery, and museum, was not approved.[6]^:124 In 1992 the Trust commissioned Godden Mackay heritage consultants to prepare a Conservation Plan for the site. The Luna Park Reserve Trust between 1993 and 1995 in accordance with this Conservation Plan undertook conservation and construction works. The actual construction plans were approved by North Sydney Council in August 1992, with Ted Hopkins also supporting the plans shown to him.[6]^:124 Construction work began in January 1993, with the Face being moved back to its place over the entry gate.[6]^:124 An 'army' of tradesmen and artists worked for six months on the restoration of the park's buildings, and on the repair of numerous artworks, including several of Arthur Barton's murals.[6]^:127

During the reconstruction, there was vocal opposition from a number of nearby residents and companies, on a variety of issues.[6]^:125 The main points of opposition were the noise levels of the park after opening, and the installation of a 40-metre (130 ft) tall steel roller coaster (to be named the Big Dipper after the original).[6]^:126–127 The Environmental Protection Authority approved the construction of the new Big Dipper, on the condition that the Trust abided by strict noise control guidelines and covered the cost of soundproofing for any residents affected by excessive noise.[6]^:126–127 In addition, North Sydney Council imposed a series of times when the roller coaster could not operate.[6]^:126–127

Luna Park reopened in January 1995. In the months that followed, the park was affected by poor weather conditions, causing lower than predicted attendance.[6]^:130 Legal claims against the operation of the park and roller coaster were filed by some local residents, and supported by business figures whose tenders for the redevelopment had not been accepted.[6]^:130 The newly elected Carr State Government put the park's long-term viability in doubt; first removing the government guarantee of a $14 million loan to the Trust, then dissolving the Trust's board of directors and appointing an administrator.[6]^:131 The park was forced to close again on 14 February 1996.[6]^:131–134

In 1997 the Department of Land & Water Conservation (DLWC) engaged the Urban Design Advisory Service (UDAS) to investigate urban design and land use options for the future use of Luna Park.[12] The Luna Park Plan of Management was prepared by the New South Wales government in 1998 to guide the future management of the Luna Park Reserve. The Luna Park Plan of Management identified a preferred option for Luna Park's future use, determined in consultation with residents, the general public and other stakeholders. The preferred option identified by the Luna Park Plan of Management sought to preserve Luna Park's amusement park character while introducing new uses to improve its viability and accordance with the parameters in the Luna Park Site Amendment Act 1997.[13]

Although the government said at the time of closure that submissions to utilise the Luna Park site would not be considered, several groups made public their ideas about how the park could be altered and run to satisfy the majority.[6]^:136–137 There was also 'grass roots support' for the reopening of Luna Park; one example of this was the collection of a 5,000 signature petition by a pair of high school students.[6]^:136–137 In June 1997, the New South Wales government presented four development proposals to the public.[6]^:138–139 After a month of public viewing and comment, a 'diverse-use' plan, encompassing rides and amusements, restaurants, cafés, and function capacity was announced as the winning plan.[6]^:138–139 In February 1998 the NSW Department of Public Works and Services called for proposals to redevelop Luna Park, and 20 proposals were submitted, with eight selected for further consideration.[6]^:138–139

In July 1999 the results of the tendering process were made public.[6]^:143 Metro Edgley Group (consisting of Metro Edgley, Multiplex Facilities Management, and a group of private investors) was awarded the tender.[6]^:143 Their proposal intended for most of the rides to stay, but called for the Big Dipper to be replaced with a multipurpose concert venue, and asked to redevelop Crystal Palace as a function centre.[6]^{:140, 143} A Master Plan for the site was prepared in 1999 which included a Heritage Report prepared by Godden Mackay Logan. Further consultation with North Sydney Council brought the development to a standstill, with the Council and the directors of Metro Edgley clashing over several aspects of the proposed redevelopment.[6]^:144 In January 2002 the Minister for Planning approved a development application for the site.[14][1][6]^:144–147 On top of this, specific applications had to be lodged for each element of the plan, each of which in turn would require community consultation. The development eventually began in 2003.[6]^:147

During the long decision-making and approval process, Luna Park was permitted to operate for several charity-organised events, including for Variety Club and the Spastic Centre.[6]^:146–147 The park was also allowed to operate on selected weekends and school holidays in late 2000 and early 2001, under strict, court-appointed conditions.[6]^:146–147 In July 2001 the Big Dipper rollercoaster (installed in 1995) was sold to Dreamworld in Queensland. Recent work has included a new 2,000 seat big top, onsite car park, restaurant, refurbished Crystal Palace function centre and refurbishment of the rides.[15][1]

The park at night from Sydney Harbour.

The redevelopment and restoration of Luna Park was conducted over 14 months.[6]^:148 The rides were removed, restored, and in some cases upgraded to comply with modern safety standards.[6]^:148 Crystal Palace was redesigned with several modular function rooms, the largest of which took up the entire lower floor.[6]^:148A 2,000 seat multipurpose auditorium, the Big Top, was constructed.[6]^:148 Luna Park re-opened on 4 April 2004.[6]^:152 Despite rain and low temperatures, several thousand people attended the opening day, and an accumulated attendance figure of 200,000 was reached within two months.[6]^:152

Legal action against the park by a group of seven Milsons Point residents and one developer began again in April 2005.[16] The claim was of noise nuisance from the amusement rides, particularly those in Maloney's Corner.[16] The case was defeated when legislation was passed by the New South Wales government protecting Luna Park from such claims, although it was later revealed that these laws may have been influenced by court documents leaked to then-Tourism, Sport, and Recreation minister Sandra Nori by two Luna Park executives.[16] The executives were charged with contempt of court in August 2007.[16] A new case began in June 2007, with the residents instead claiming breaches of the Trade Practices Act.[17] Stating that they had been misled as to the types of amusement ride that were located in the Maloney's Corner area, the residents and developer attempted to claim over $20 million in damages, and demanded the relocation or permanent closure of the Ranger and Spider rides.[17] The case was dismissed by the Supreme Court of New South Wales on 6 February 2009, with the supervising Justice ruling that the development applications submitted by the park had not been "misleading or deceptive", as claimed.[18]

On 1 January 2007, a staff member working on the Golden Way Amusements-owned Speed (hired for the Christmas holidays) was struck in the head by the armature while the ride was in motion.[19] The employee was taken to hospital and placed in intensive care.[19] In October 2007, Multiplex announced that it was intending to sell the lease to one of the undeveloped sections of Luna Park.[20] The section of land, advertised for approximately A$7 million, had initially been leased from the NSW Government for A$1, on the condition that any profit made from property built on the site was invested in the amusement park.[20] There are concerns that the money will be used to allow Multiplex to recoup the financial outlay made when redeveloping the park, instead of going towards the ongoing operation and maintenance of Luna Park's facilities.[20][21]

In late 2011, the NSW government allocated $78,000 in the state budget for upgrades of the park's lighting to LEDs, along with repairs to the park's buildings.[22]

On 19 March 2020, Luna Park confirmed that the park would be closed following the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unknown when the park will reopen.[23]

The Luna Park face in 2018

Based on the enormous smiling faces at Luna Park, Melbourne, Australia, the Hair Raiser entrance in Ocean Park Hong Kong, and Steeplechase Park in the United States, Luna Park's 9-metre-wide (30 ft) smiling face, as well as its flanking towers, have presided over the main entrance for almost all of the park's existence. There have been eight distinct faces, installed in 1935, 1938, 1939, 1946, 1950, 1973, 1982, and 1994. The seventh Face was donated to the Powerhouse Museum in May 1994.[6]^:125 The eighth and current Face, completed in 1994 and carved from polyurethane, is based on Arthur Barton's 1950 "Old King Cole" version.

The Midway

Stretching from the Face to Coney Island, the Midway has always been the main thoroughfare of Luna Park. The Midway, as it has always done, allows access throughout the main section of the park. It is the focus of many activities and amusements, and provides access to the Crystal Palace, Big Top, and Coney Island, along with the majority of Luna Park's permanent rides.

Beginning life in 1935 as a dodgem hall and office space, the Crystal Palace has seen many uses over the park's history, including as a dance hall, a BMX track, a games arcade, and a restaurant and bar.

Since the 2004 reopening, Crystal Palace has been host to four of the seven rooms used by Luna Park's functions business. The main room stretches across the entire lower floor of Crystal Palace, and is often used for wedding receptions and other large social functions. The Midway-facing exterior of the building is host to numerous sideshow games, such as the Laughing Clowns, Crazy Crooners, and Goin Fishin'.[24]

The Big Top

Constructed during the 2003 redevelopment on the site of the Ghost Train,[6]^:152 the Big Top (originally to be named the Luna Circus) is a fully licensed, multi-purpose venue capable of seating 2,000 people (this capacity can increase to 3,000 for standing-only concerts). The modular design of the stage and seating allows the entire venue to be easily reconfigured for different event types, and the concrete building is heavily soundproofed to cut down on noise pollution. Examples of events run in the Big Top include concerts (including shows from Kylie Minogue's Anti Tour and the annual Come Together Music Festival), award shows and presentations (like the inaugural MTV Australia Video Music Awards or the live finals for the 2005–2008 seasons of Australia's Next Top Model), sporting tournaments (like the Australia Mixed Martial Arts Cage Fighting Championship and the 2013 Sydney Darts Masters), trade shows, and other large events.[25]

Interior of Coney Island

First constructed in 1935, Coney Island - Funnyland is the only operating example of a 1930s funhouse left in the world. Although some changes have been made over the years, the layout is almost identical to when Luna Park opened in 1935. The design was based on funhouses in Europe and the United States, and contains rotating barrels, moving platforms, large slides, and arcade games. Today's Coney Island is also host to the restored artworks of Arthur Barton (who started as one of 35 artists, staying with the park until his retirement in 1970, (along with photographs and memorabilia spanning Luna Park's 70-year history. The slides and amusements are the same ones first used in 1935, but modified to meet modern safety standards. The amusements were saved from the 1981 demolition by the 'Friends of Luna Park' action group, who purchased them for $9,200, on the condition that they remain in the heritage-listed building.[6]^:115

Named after Tony Maloney, a long-time Luna Park employee,[6]^:92 Maloney's Corner was built on land purchased from the New South Wales government and the State Rail Authority during the 1994 development, so that supports for the Big Dipper could be built. During the 2003 redevelopment, this area was paved over and the Kids Rides, Ranger, and Spider were relocated here from the Midway, to provide room for other developments. In addition, temporary rides hired by Luna Park for use during peak periods (such as school holidays) are set up in this area.

Exterior of Coney Island

The Wild Mouse roller coaster

This is a list of all rides in operation at Luna Park as of 2019.[26] This list does not include independently operated touring or temporary rides contracted to work at Luna Park during peak periods.

• Hair Raiser - A 50-metre (160 ft) Larson International Super Shot drop tower added to the park in 2013.[27]
• Wild Mouse - A Wild Mouse roller coaster, Luna Park's Wild Mouse was first installed in 1962, and although it has been disassembled and removed on several occasions, it has always returned. After the closure of Wonderland Sydney in 2004, the Wild Mouse became the only permanent roller coaster in New South Wales. It is one of only three wooden Wild Mouse rides left in the world.
• Ferris Wheel - Standing 35 metres tall, the 24 gondola Ferris wheel was introduced to the park during the 1982 Harbourside development.
• Rotor - Luna Park's Rotor was first installed in 1951. It was continually a popular ride until its demolition at the end of 1986. A slightly smaller Rotor was constructed during the 1995 redevelopment.
• Carousel - a carousel by John H. Rundle Ltd.[28]
• Volare - Australia's largest Swing ride and Luna Park's first permanent ride since 2013.
• Tumblebug - A 1988 HUSS Troika, the Tumblebug was installed in 1995.[29] The ride, named after the Tumble Bug operated by Luna Park from 1935 to 1973, is the only one of its type in Australia.[29]
• Dodgem City - A nineteen car dodgem hall, Dodgem City is the latest in a series of dodgem car tracks constructed in the park, beginning with the one inside Crystal Palace in 1935.
• Moon Ranger - The only HUSS Ranger in Australia.[30]
• Spider - A HUSS Breakdance installed during the 1995 redevelopment, the Spider received its name from the park's 1938 ride.
• 2nd Tango Train - Reopened in 2016. Not replaced as said to be.
• Kids' Rides - Luna Park is also host to four rides designed specifically for children. These are:
  • Whirly Wheel - A miniature Ferris wheel.
  • Mini Pirate Ship - A miniature swinging ship ride.
  • Crazy Cars - A car themed teacup ride.
  • U-Drive - A 'train' of cars propelled around a small track.

Beyond the entrance to Luna Park Sydney

• Big Dipper I - A wooden roller coaster constructed in 1930 for Luna Park Glenelg. Operated at the Milsons Point site from 1935 to 1981, when it was demolished and burned following the park's 1980 closure.
• Ghost Train - A ghost train operating at Luna Park from 1935 until it burned down in mysterious circumstances on 9 June 1979. Seven people were killed in the fire.
• Big Dipper II - A steel roller coaster constructed in 1994. Noise pollution complaints by a resident action group focused primarily on the Big Dipper, stopping its operation in late 1995. The loss of revenue was partially responsible for the park's 1996 closure, and in 2001 the ride was renamed Cyclone and relocated to Dreamworld. The ride is currently known as the Hot Wheels Sidewinder".
• Tango Train I - A Music Express. Was closed on 25 April 2016 to be replaced with another ride that is Tango Train II. The Tango Train will be dismantled and sold as parts.[31][32]
• Flying Saucer - A 1988 HUSS UFO. Was closed in 2013 left standing but not operating.

The first entrance to Luna Park was constructed in 1935 based on the design of the entrance to Melbourne's Luna Park at St Kilda. It consisted of two towers with an immense face between them and people entered through the gaping mouth. The face has been remodelled several times and its character has evolved over the years. Exposed to salt air the entrance face has required major maintenance work. Each time this has been carried out the facial expression has altered. The whole entrance was demolished in 1988. The present entrance face and towers were completed in January 1995. The 36-metre (118 ft) high towers are replicas of the original 1935 Art Deco design. The expression of the present face is based on the 1960 face designed by Arthur Barton. The towers are constructed of steel frames, clad in fibre cement sheets, on brick bases. The face is made of fibreglass and foam.[33][1]

An important aspect of the park was the way it was laid out with a central spine that followed the shore line. "The Midway was where it all happened. It was the street, the forum, the piazza, the stage and the audience. The Park had been laid out so that no attraction protruded into the Midway except the Windmill which marked its only bend." The windmill was later replaced by the light house. Pedestrian traffic travelled up and down this spine. After the first season canvas awnings were added along the Midway. It was the place where street theatre and entertainment took place. (Sam Marshall, "Luna Park Just for Fun")[1]

The Rotor was designed by German engineer Ernst Hoffmeister in the late 1940s.The Rotor is a large, upright barrel, rotated at 30 revolutions per minute. The rotation of the barrel creates a centrifugal force equivalent to between 1 and 1.5 g. Once the barrel has attained full speed, the floor is retracted, leaving the riders stuck to the wall of the drum. At the end of the ride cycle, the drum slows down and gravity takes over. The riders slide down the wall slowly. Although Hoffmeister was the designer, most Rotors were constructed under license. The first Luna Park Rotor was built by Ted Hopkins in 1951. Three Rotors were built in Australia based on Hoffmeister's design. All had been demolished or destroyed by the 1980s, although a slightly redesigned Rotor was rebuilt for Luna Park Sydney in 1995, which is still in operation.[1]

One of the original 1935 buildings of Luna Park, Coney Island is believed to have been erected firstly at Luna Park, Glenelg, although this has not been substantiated. It is a rectangular building with the longest side running east–west. It has a corrugated iron hip roof with its external walls forming parapet walls around each side. The basic structure of Coney Island is virtually identical to that of the Crystal Palace. It is similar in width but slightly shorter, having twelve bays.[34] Internally the steelwork of the main structure is concealed by mural panels or decorated motifs which were physically conserved during 1994. The roof purlins and sheeting are exposed. The industrial light fittings are suspended from the roof. The open space contains large and small fun devices, giant slides 1–4, joy wheel, turkey trot and barrels of fun.[1][33][35]

The Crystal Palace is located adjacent to the site of the approach tracks and locomotive depot of the original Milsons Point Railway Station (1893 10 1924). The essential form of the Crystal Palace is a large rectangular thirteen-bay steel-framed structure, two storeys in height with a hip roof behind extended walls. The end bays are framed with heavy Oregon members and the roof ends above them are gabled hips with louvered ventilation in the gables. The exteriors were originally symmetrical, the two long elevations having emphatic central elements and end pavilions. Parapets conceal the main roof; these are crenulated except for the tower motifs where chamfered blocks of timber, imitating machicolation, have been planted on. The cladding, once predominantly asbestos cement, has been replaced in the early 1990s works with fibre-cement. The centre of the east or Midway entrance elevation has a steep hipped roof between tall pinnacles, while the four "towers" of the end pavilions have steep pyramid roofs.[1][33][36]

Located adjacent to Coney Island, the Wild mouse is a small roller coaster. The track is made of laminated timber with a steel rail constructed on a concrete platform elevated above the ground. The Wild Mouse cars hold two people seated one behind the other. The ride moves back and forth and up and down along its rectangular plan It was designed to have steep gradients, sharp turns and give the rider the feeling that they might fly off into the harbour. It was constructed at Luna Park in 1962 to a design purchased by Ted Hopkins at the Seattle World Trade Fair and was dismantled annually to go to the Sydney and Brisbane shows. Between 1970 and 1979 it was replaced by the Wild Cat but was returned when the park reopened in 1995.[37][1]

The sandstone formation along the eastern side of Luna Park has been shaped since the European settlement as it has been cut back for various purposes in previous years including: 1890s excavation for the North Shore Railway and the erection of Dorman Long workshops in the 1920s. Oral history stated that the tunnel and chamber in the cliff face (at the base) were constructed by Luna Park staff during World War Two as an air raid shelter, and that staff and local residents sheltered there during the wartime Japanese midget submarine attack on shipping in Sydney Harbour. However the capacity of this space was very limited.[1][33][38]

On top of the cliff behind Luna Park are a number of trees dating from the end of the nineteenth century when the cliff top site was occupied by Northcliff house. Since their planting, they have displayed healthy growth. Tree heights and spreads are as follows:[39][1]

1. Fig tree 10 metres (33 ft) high 20 metres (66 ft) diameter;
2. Fig Tree 20 metres (66 ft) high 25 metres (82 ft) diameter;
3. Fig tree 9 metres (30 ft) high 8 metres (26 ft) diameter;
4. Fig tree 10 metres (33 ft) high 15 metres (49 ft) diameter.

As at 17 August 2009, Entrance Face and Towers have been rebuilt as a replica. Coney Island and contents have been restored. The Crystal Palace has been restored with alterations.[40][1]

Archaeological monitoring of Luna Park site was undertaken in c.1993 during redevelopment.[41] Conservation works undertaken in 1997 to remove in 1993-1994[42][33][1]

The Luna Park amusement centre has evolved and been altered over time and much of the original fabric of the structures and rides have been replaced with similar or identical components. Despite the replacement of fabric the significance of the place has been maintained through careful reconstruction and commitment to the original design aesthetic. "The primary significance of the place therefore vests in the concept, design and associative values of place, rather than in any particular fabric. Retaining the integrity of the place therefore requires attention to matters such as design, concept and memories rather than keeping existing fabric and physical evidence." Richard Mackay quoted in Letter from Luna Park Sydney Pty Ltd 2009[1]

A number of rides and attractions have been introduced and removed at Luna Park over the past sixty-five years.[1]

• "Man dies under mower in dam". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australian Associated Press. 3 January 2007. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
• "Two guilty in Luna Park contempt case". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australian Associated Press. 17 August 2007. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
• "Developer sells Luna Park lease for $7m". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australian Associated Press. 16 October 2007. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
• "Locals lose battle against Luna Park". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australian Associated Press. 6 February 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
• "$1 deal: Luna Park developer could make millions". ABC News. Australia. 16 October 2007. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
• "Luna Park, 1 Olympic Dr, Milsons Point, NSW, Australia (Place ID 105827)". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
• Brassil, T.; Irving, R.; Pratten, C.; Morrison, Conybeare (1993). North Sydney Heritage Study Review.
• Crawford, Kate (15 January 2014). "Up, up and hooray! Luna Park launches first new ride in ten years - and it soars a hair-raising 50m into the sky". Mosman Daily. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
• Dawson, Tom (July 2008). "Candy Movie Review (2006)". Channel 4. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
• Farrelly, Elizabeth (2003). Get back on the rollercoaster (SMH 19/8/03).
• Godden Mackay Logan (1999). Heritage Report: Luna Park – Metro Edgley Project (for Master Plan).
• Godden Mackay Pty Ltd Heritage Consultantants (1992). Luna Park Conservation Plan.
• HASSELL (1999). Luna Park: Master Plan.
• Lacey, Stephen (2010). Roller-Coaster ride into past' in Destination Sydney, in 'Traveller' section.
• Lamont, Leonie (11 June 2007). "Neighbours suing Luna Park for $20 m". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
• Luna Park Sydney Pty Ltd (2009). Letter regarding proposed SHR Listing.
• Marshall, Sam (2005). Luna Park - Just for fun (2nd ed.). Sydney, Australia: Luna Park Sydney Pty Ltd. ISBN 0-646-44807-2.
• Meacham, Steve (5 January 2005). "The silhouette man of Luna Park cuts a fine figure". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
• Otto Cserhalmi and Partners PL (2006). Statement of Heritage Impact Luna Park Cliff Top Site C.
• Protectors of Sydney Foreshore Inc (2004). State Heritage Inventory nomination forms.
• Read, Gregory J. (director) (1996). Spirits of the Carnival - The Quest for Fun (Documentary, Videotape). Sydney: Paper Bark Films (production), Total Film & Television (distribution).
• SHFA Heritage Register (2004). Luna Park - 6 Elements.
• Smith, Alexandra; Cubby, Ben (7 September 2011). "Saving face as energy-efficient makeover lights up Luna Park". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 31 December 2011.

This Wikipedia article contains material from Luna Park Precinct, entry number 01811 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.