Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport

Rome–Fiumicino International Airport "Leonardo da Vinci" (Italian: Aeroporto Internazionale di Roma–Fiumicino "Leonardo da Vinci"; IATA: FCO, ICAO: LIRF) is an international airport in Rome and the major airport in Italy. It is one of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic with almost 43 million passengers served in 2018.[4]

Rome–Fiumicino International Airport "Leonardo da Vinci"

Aeroporto Internazionale di Roma–Fiumicino "Leonardo da Vinci"
  • IATA: FCO
  • ICAO: LIRF
Summary
Airport typePublic
OperatorAeroporti di Roma
ServesRome, Italy
LocationFiumicino
Hub for
Focus city for
  • Blue Panorama Airlines
  • Poste Air Cargo
  • Neos
  • Norwegian Air Shuttle
  • Ryanair
Elevation AMSL15 ft / 5 m
Coordinates41°48′01″N 012°14′20″E
Websiteadr.it
Map
FCO
Location in Lazio
FCO
FCO (Italy)
FCO
FCO (Europe)
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
07/25 3,800 12,467 Asphalt
16R/34L 3,900 12,795 Asphalt
16L/34R 3,900 12,795 Asphalt
16C/34C 3,700 12,139 Asphalt
Statistics (2019)
Passengers43,532,573
Passenger change 18-19 1.3%
Aircraft movement309.783
Movements change 18–19 0.7%
Source: Italian AIP at EUROCONTROL[1] Assaeroporti Statistiche[2] WAD[3]

The airport serves as the main hub for Alitalia, the largest Italian airline, and Vueling, a Spanish low-cost carrier owned by International Airlines Group. Based on total passenger numbers, it is the eighth-busiest airport in Europe and was the world's 47th-busiest airport in 2017. It covers an area of 16 km2[5] and is named after polymath Leonardo da Vinci who, in 1480, designed a flying machine with wings and the first proto helicopter.

History

Early years

The airport was officially opened on 15 January 1961, with two runways, replacing the smaller Rome Ciampino Airport, which remains in service for some low-cost airlines as well as domestic and charter operations. Despite being officially opened in 1961, Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport had actually been in use since 20 August 1960. This was to help relieve air traffic that was congesting Rome Ciampino Airport during the 1960 Summer Olympics.[6]

During the 1960s, home-carrier Alitalia invested heavily in the new airport, building hangars and maintenance centres; in the same period a third runway was added (16L/34R).

Later development

Security Services transferred from the Polizia di Stato (Italian State Police) to Aeroporti di Roma S.p.A. in 2000. Aeroporti di Roma created ADR Security S.r.l. (100%-owned) to provide these services as well as security services to airlines (in competition with other security companies such as IVRI). Airport Security is supervised by Polizia di Stato, Guardia di Finanza (Italian Customs Police), Italian Civil Aviation Authority and Aeroporti di Roma S.p.A.. Ground handling services were provided by Aeroporti di Roma until 1999, when it created Aeroporti di Roma Handling (to serve all airlines except for Alitalia, which continued to be handled by Aeroporti di Roma itself). Alitalia provided passenger assistance even before 1999. In 2001, Alitalia created "Alitalia Airport" and started providing ground handling for itself and other airlines. Aeroporti di Roma Handling remains the biggest handler in terms of airlines handled, but Alitalia Airport is the biggest handler in terms of airplanes handled as Alitalia aircraft account for 50% of the ones at Fiumicino. In May 2006, Italy's Civil Aviation Authority announced that it took off the limitation of 3 ramp handlers in Rome Leonardo da Vinci airport. ARE Group and Aviapartner announced that they would create a company called Aviapartner (51% Aviapartner; 49% ARE Group) to serve Milan Malpensa and Rome Leonardo da Vinci.

Since 2005, the airport operates a category III B instrument landing system (ILS). Further improvement work was implemented in 2007 to enable the airport to handle 30 takeoffs/landings per hour, up from 10, in the event of thick fog. Four runways presently operate at Leonardo da Vinci airport: 16L/34R and 16R/34L (separated by a distance of 4,000 m (13,000 ft), 16C/34C (close to 16L/34R), mostly used as a taxiway or as a backup for 16L/34R, and 07/25, used only westwards for takeoffs owing to the prevailing winds.

In 2010, the new single baggage handling system for more efficient luggage delivery began operations.

Several projects are planned. These include the construction of an environmentally-friendly cogeneration system, which would allow the airport to produce its own energy; construction of Pier C (dedicated to international flights) with 16 additional loading bridges, to handle the expected growth from 38 million passengers per year in 2014 to 55 million by 2018; and the "Masterplan Fiumicino Nord", involving four new terminals and two new runways to be built in the future handling 100 million passengers per year.

Terminals

Overview

The airport currently features three passenger terminals, of which two are operational.

  • Terminal 1 (Gates B1–B13 and B14–B30) is used by Alitalia and other SkyTeam airlines.
  • Terminal 3 (Gates C8–C16, D1–D10, E1-E8, E11-E24, E31-44 and E51-61) is the largest terminal which is used by most of the companies.
  • Terminal 5 (under refurbishment) (formerly Gates E1-E8, E11-E24, E31-44 and E51-61) was used by all U.S. and Israeli carriers. This terminal is currently closed for extensive renovation.[7]

Development

The terminals were upgraded during the 1990s and 2000s.[8] In 1991, the domestic Pier A with 12 gates opened. In 1995, the international Pier B with 10 gates opened. In 1999, the international Satellite C with 14 gates and an elevated automated people mover, called SkyBridge, connected it with the main terminal. In 2000, the new domestic Terminal A opened, and the terminal buildings, then consisting of Terminal A (with Pier A), Terminal AA, Terminal B (with Pier B) and Terminal C (with Satellite C), were reorganized. In 2004, the new Cargo City terminal opened. In 2008, Terminal 5 opened for check-in for American carriers and El Al. Passengers are then bused to what was then called Satellite C. The terminal serves 950,000 passengers per year. In 2009, the terminals were renamed – A was renamed T1, AA was renamed T2, B and C became T3 and T5 stayed the same. The former Terminal 2 has been closed permanently on 15 December 2017 to make way for the expansion of Terminal 1.

Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate regular scheduled, seasonal and charter flights to and from Fiumicino:

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens
Aer Lingus Dublin
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo
Aerolíneas Argentinas Buenos Aires–Ezeiza
Air Albania Tirana
Air Algérie Algiers
Air Arabia Maroc Fez
airBaltic Riga, Tallinn (begins 1 June 2020)[9]
Air Cairo Sharm El Sheikh
Air Canada Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson
Air China Beijing–Capital, Hangzhou
Air Europa Madrid
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air France Hop Bordeaux, Lyon
Air India Delhi
Air Malta Malta
Air Moldova Chișinău
Air Serbia Belgrade, Niš
Air Transat Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson
AlbaStar Seasonal: Lourdes/Tarbes
Alitalia Alghero, Algiers, Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Bari, Beirut, Belgrade, Bergamo, Berlin–Tegel, Bologna, Boston, Brindisi, Brussels, Budapest, Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Cagliari, Cairo, Casablanca, Catania, Delhi, Düsseldorf, Florence, Frankfurt, Geneva, Genoa, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Kyiv–Zhuliany, Lamezia Terme, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Madrid, Málaga, Malta, Marseille, Mexico City, Miami, Milan–Linate, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Munich, Naples, New York–JFK, Nice, Olbia, Palermo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Pisa, Podgorica, Prague, Reggio Calabria, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Sofia, Tel Aviv, Tirana, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Toulouse, Trapani, Trieste, Tunis, Turin, Valencia, Venice, Verona, Warsaw–Chopin, Washington–Dulles, Zurich
Seasonal: Amman–Queen Alia, Chicago–O'Hare, Corfu, Dubrovnik, Havana, Heraklion, Ibiza, Kefalonia, Lampedusa, Larnaca, Malé, Mauritius, Menorca, Mykonos, Palma de Mallorca, Pantelleria, Rhodes, Saint Petersburg, San Francisco (begins 1 June 2020),[10] Split, Tenerife–South, Toronto–Pearson
American Airlines Philadelphia
Seasonal: Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, New York–JFK
AnadoluJet Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon
Austrian Airlines Vienna
Belavia Minsk
Blue Air Bacău, Bucharest, Iași
Blue Panorama Airlines Cayo Largo, Havana, La Romana, Santiago de Cuba, Tirana
Seasonal: Corfu, Heraklion, Ibiza, Karpathos (begins 28 June 2020),[11] Kos, Lampedusa, Mykonos, Preveza, Rhodes, Santorini, Skiathos, Turin, Zakynthos
British Airways London–City, London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow
Brussels Airlines Brussels
Bulgaria Air Sofia
Buta Airways Baku
Cabo Verde Airlines Sal
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong, Wenzhou
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou, Wuhan
Croatia Airlines Split, Zagreb
Seasonal: Dubrovnik
Cyprus Airways Larnaca (resumes 13 June 2020)[12]
Czech Airlines Prague
Delta Air Lines Atlanta, New York–JFK
Seasonal: Boston (begins 21 May 2020),[13] Detroit
easyJet Amsterdam, Berlin–Tegel, Bristol, London–Gatwick, London–Luton, Lyon, Manchester (begins 7 June 2020),[14] Nantes, Nice, Paris–Orly, Toulouse
easyJet Switzerland Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva
EgyptAir Cairo
El Al Tel Aviv
Emirates Dubai–International
Estelar Latinoamerica Caracas
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi
Eurowings Cologne/Bonn, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Stuttgart
Finnair Helsinki
FlyBosnia Mostar, Sarajevo
Hainan Airlines Chongqing, Shenzhen, Xi'an
Iberia Madrid
Iran Air Tehran–Imam Khomeini
Israir Airlines Tel Aviv
Jet2.com Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester
Seasonal: Leeds/Bradford, Newcastle upon Tyne
Kenya Airways Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta
KLM Amsterdam
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon
Kuwait Airways Kuwait
Lauda Vienna
Level Amsterdam
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
Luxair Luxembourg
Middle East Airlines Beirut
Montenegro Airlines Podgorica
Neos Boa Vista, Cancún, Malé, Marsa Alam, Sal, Sharm El Sheikh, Tenerife–South
Seasonal: Fuerteventura, Heraklion, Ibiza, La Romana, Marsa Matruh, Menorca, Mombasa, Mykonos, Nosy Be, Rhodes, Salalah, Zanzibar
Norwegian Air Shuttle Copenhagen, Helsinki, New York–JFK, Oslo–Gardermoen, Stockholm–Arlanda
Seasonal: Bergen, Boston, Chicago–O'Hare (begins 3 June 2020),[15] Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco
Nouvelair Seasonal: Djerba (begins 8 June 2020)[16]
Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Pobeda Moscow–Vnukovo
Qatar Airways Doha
Rossiya Saint Petersburg
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia
Ryanair Alicante, Barcelona, Bari, Brindisi, Brussels, Catania, Málaga, Malta, Marseille, Palermo, Seville, Tel Aviv
Seasonal: Comiso, Ibiza, Kos, Rhodes
S7 AirlinesMoscow–Domodedovo
Saudia Jeddah, Riyadh
Scandinavian Airlines Aarhus, Copenhagen, Stockholm–Arlanda
Seasonal: Oslo–Gardermoen
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu
Singapore Airlines Singapore
SkyUpKyiv–Boryspil, Lviv
Smartwings Prague
Swiss International Air Lines Zurich
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon
TAROM Bucharest
Thai Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Transavia Rotterdam
Transavia France Nantes
Seasonal: Montpellier (begins 4 June 2020)[17]
Tunisair Tunis
Seasonal charter: Djerba, Monastir, Tabarka
Turkish Airlines Ankara, Istanbul
Ukraine International Airlines Kyiv–Boryspil
United Airlines Newark
Ural Airlines Moscow–Zhukovsky, Yekaterinburg
Uzbekistan Airways Tashkent
Seasonal: Urgench
Vueling Alicante, Barcelona, Bilbao, Dubrovnik, London–Gatwick, Madrid, Málaga, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Paris–Orly, Seville, Tenerife–South, Valencia
Seasonal: Corfu, Heraklion, Ibiza, Karpathos, Kefalonia, Kos, Lampedusa, Marseille, Menorca, Mykonos, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza, Rhodes, Santorini, Split, Zadar, Zakynthos
WestJet Seasonal: Calgary (begins 4 June 2020)[18]
Wizz Air Budapest, Iași, Krakow, Kutaisi, Vienna, Warsaw–Chopin

Statistics

Busiest domestic routes
Busiest domestic routes from/to Rome–Fiumicino (2018)[19]
RankRank
var.
(17–18)		AirportPassengersAirline(s)
1 Catania, Sicily 1,976,230 Alitalia, Ryanair, Vueling
2 Palermo, Sicily 1,663,453Alitalia, Ryanair, Vueling
3 Milan-Linate, Lombardy 1,095,824Alitalia
4 Cagliari, Sardinia 932,230Alitalia
5 Bari, Apulia 740,186Alitalia, Ryanair
6 1 Brindisi, Apulia 529,365Alitalia, Ryanair
7 1 Turin, Piedmont 516,969Alitalia, Blue Panorama Airlines
8 1 Venice, Veneto 493,929Alitalia
9 1 Lamezia Terme, Calabria 455,605Alitalia
10 Genoa, Liguria 351,656Alitalia
11 1 Olbia, Sardinia 325,838Air Italy, Meridiana
12 1 Naples, Campania 318,419Alitalia
13 3 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna 295,627Alitalia
14 3 Alghero, Sardinia 281,128Blue Air
15 Florence, Tuscany 267,338Alitalia
16 2 Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia 260,527Alitalia
17 4 Milan-Malpensa, Lombardy 242,114Air Italy, Alitalia
18 Verona, Veneto 203,717Alitalia, Neos
19 2 Reggio Calabria, Calabria 183,115Alitalia
20 1 Pisa, Tuscany 166,516Alitalia

Busiest European routes
Busiest European Routes from/to Rome–Fiumicino (2018)[19]
RankRank
var.
17–18		AirportPassengersAirline(s)
1 Barcelona, Spain 1,327,312Alitalia, Ryanair, Vueling
2 1 Madrid, Spain 1,218,462Air Europa, Alitalia, Iberia, Vueling
3 1 Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France 1,207,436Alitalia, Joon, Vueling
4 1 London–Heathrow, United Kingdom 1,075,100Alitalia, British Airways
5 3 Amsterdam, Netherlands 1,064,254Alitalia, KLM, easyJet, Vueling
6 Paris–Orly, France 741,093easyJet, Vueling
7 2 Munich, Germany 725,483Alitalia, Lufthansa, Vueling
8 1 Brussels, Belgium 719,056Alitalia, Brussels Airlines, Ryanair
9 1 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 718,684Alitalia, Lufthansa
10 London–Gatwick, United Kingdom 693,885British Airways, easyJet, Vueling
11 Athens, Greece 571,935Aegean Airlines, Alitalia
12 1 Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Russia 518,044Aeroflot, Alitalia
13 1 Zurich, Switzerland 477,394Alitalia, Swiss International Air Lines
14 Lisbon, Portugal 427,352TAP Portugal
15 11 Vienna, Austria401,344Eurowings, Laudamotion, Vueling, Wizz Air
16 Istanbul–Atatürk, Turkey 399,669Turkish Airlines
17 4 Luqa, Malta 367,718Air Malta, Alitalia, Ryanair
18 3 Geneva, Switzerland 343,211Alitalia, easyJet
19 1 Tirana, Albania 330,545Alitalia, Blue Panorama Airlines, Ernest Airlines
20 2 Nice, France 320,514Alitalia, easyJet

Busiest intercontinental routes
Busiest intercontinental routes from/to Rome–Fiumicino (2018)[19]
RankRank
var.
17/18		AirportPassengersAirline(s)
1 1 Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion, Israel 813,363Alitalia, El Al, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Vueling, Ryanair
2 1 New York–John F. Kennedy, United States 754,088Alitalia, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines
3 Dubai, United Arab Emirates 607,288Emirates
4 1 Seoul–Incheon, South Korea 420,872Alitalia, Asiana Airlines, Korean Air
5 9 São Paulo–Guarulhos, Brazil 403,276Alitalia, LATAM Brasil
6 1 Doha, Qatar 382,292Qatar Airways
7 3 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 372,266Alitalia, Etihad Airways
8 2 Buenos Aires–Ezeiza, Argentina 352,692Aerolíneas Argentinas, Alitalia
9 1 Toronto–Pearson, Canada 342,957Alitalia, Air Canada, Air Transat
10 15 Newark, United States 291,841Norwegian Air Shuttle, United Airlines
11 2 Cairo, Egypt 284,924Alitalia, EgyptAir
12 Tunis, Tunisia 241,850Alitalia, Tunisair
13 2 Atlanta, United States 224,958Delta Air Lines
14 1 Chicago–O'Hare, United States 215,099Alitalia, American Airlines, United Airlines
15 5 Beijing–Capital, China 214,536Air China
16 22 Delhi, India 214,506Air India, Alitalia
17 2 Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Turkey 205,216Pegasus Airlines, Turkish Airlines
18 12 Los Angeles, United States 202,335Alitalia, Norwegian Air Shuttle
19 3 Tokyo–Narita, Japan 199,053Alitalia
20 Montréal–Trudeau, Canada 182,677Air Canada, Air Transat

Ground transportation
Fiumicino Aeroporto railway station

Train

Fiumicino Aeroporto railway station is served by the Leonardo Express train operated by Trenitalia, available at the airport terminal. It takes 30 minutes to get to Termini Station in a non-stop trip that is provided every 15 minutes. Alternatively, local trains (FL1 line) leave once every 15 minutes, stopping at all stations. However, these trains do not head to Termini station. Passengers have to change at Trastevere, Ostiense (Metro Piramide) or Tuscolana.[20] The railway opened in December 1989, with nonstop and several stop services available.[21]

Road

Leonardo da Vinci is about 35 km (22 mi) by car from Rome's historic city centre. The airport is served by the six-lane Autostrada A91 motorway and numerous buses and taxis.

Incidents and accidents

From the 1960s until the 1980s, the airport experienced significant aircraft hijackings as well as being the scene of two major terrorist attacks and the port of origin for an aircraft bombing in flight—some engendered by Palestinians as part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

  • On 23 November 1964, TWA Flight 800, operated by a Boeing 707, had an engine catch fire during takeoff. 50 of the 73 passengers and crew on board were killed.
  • On 17 December 1973, during the 1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking, a Boeing 707-321B operating as Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) Flight 110 was attacked by Palestinian assailants. 30 passengers were killed when phosphorus bombs were thrown aboard the aircraft as it was preparing for departure.[22] During the same incident a Lufthansa Boeing 737 (D-ABEY)[23] was hijacked and landed at Athens, Damascus and finally in Kuwait. All remaining passengers and crew were then released.[22] One person died in the incident.[23]
  • On 27 December 1985, during the Rome and Vienna airport attacks, assailants shot and killed 16 people and wounded 99 others at the airport.
  • On 17 October 1988, Uganda Airlines Flight 775 from London Gatwick to Entebbe International Airport via Fiumicino, crashed short of the runway after two missed approaches. Twenty-six of the 45 passengers aboard, as well as all 7 crew members, died.
  • On 2 February 2013, Alitalia Flight 1670, en route from Pisa International Airport to Rome, overran the runway during landing. Sixteen occupants were injured, two of them seriously.[24][25][26]
  • On 29 September 2013 at 20:10, an Alitalia Airbus A320 flying from Madrid Barajas Airport to Rome Fiumicino Airport failed to deploy the landing gear during a storm on landing and the aircraft toppled, skidded off the runway, and crashed. Ten passengers suffered minor injuries, and all 151 passengers and crew were evacuated and taken to hospital.

References
  1. "EAD Basic". Ead.eurocontrol.int. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  2. Assaeroporti Statistiche
  3. "FIUMICINO". World Aero Data. WorldAeroData.com. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  4. Article in GV-Guida Viaggi
  5. Studio Impatto Ambientale ENAC
  6. "Fiumicino: Italy's Fast Growing Airport | Italy". Lifeinitaly.com. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  7. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. "Expansion projects at Fiumicino". Airport-technology.com. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  9. https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/290657/airbaltic-s20-operation-changes-as-of-05apr20/?highlight=milan
  10. McGinnis, Chris; Jue, Tim (1 October 2019). "Benvenuto! Alitalia to launch San Francisco - Rome nonstops". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications, Inc. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  11. https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/288498/blu-express-expands-greek-network-in-s20/
  12. https://www.cyprusairways.com/home/info/schedule/jun20/
  13. Palma, Kristi (25 September 2019). "Delta will fly from Boston to Rome starting in 2020". Boston.com. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC.
  14. https://www.easyjet.com/en/book/our-new-routes
  15. Schropshire, Corilyn (12 November 2019). "Norwegian Air to offer cheap flights from Chicago to Paris and Rome, starting at $209, next summer". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  17. https://www.ttgitalia.com/stories/trasporti/157278_transavia_svela_il_network_da_montpellier_per_litalia_roma_e_palermo/
  18. Heidenreich, Phil (30 October 2019). "WestJet now taking passengers to Rome directly from Calgary – so why not from Edmonton?". Global News. Corus Entertainment Inc.
  19. "Italy 2018 Civil Aviation Statistics" (PDF) (in Italian). ENAC. 28 March 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  20. Archived 23 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  21. Flight International. 23 May 1987. 5.
  22. Ramsden, J. M., ed. (27 December 1973). "Rome hijacking". FLIGHT International. IPC Transport Press Ltd. 104 (3380): 1010. Retrieved 11 February 2015 – via flightglobal.com/pdfarchive. ... ran on to the apron and two phosphorus bombs were thrown into the front and rear entrances of a Pan American 707 Celestial Clipper, with 170 passengers on board
  23. "Hijacking description: Monday 17 December 1973". aviation-safety.net. Flight Safety Foundation. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  24. Official Italian accident report issued by ANSV and its english translation. Aviation Accidents Database. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  25.  Posted by foxcrawl at 2:31 am. "Carpatair ATR-72 plane overruns runway on landing in Rome". Foxcrawl. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  26. Squires, Nick (4 February 2013). "Alitalia paints over crashed plane's markings". Telegraph. Retrieved 13 February 2013.

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