Intel Graphics Technology

Intel Graphics Technology[4] (GT)[lower-alpha 1] is the collective name for a series of integrated graphics processors (IGPs) produced by Intel that are manufactured on the same package or die as the central processing unit (CPU). It was first introduced in 2010 as Intel HD Graphics.

Intel Graphics Technology
API support
Direct3DDirect3D 10.1+ (see capabilities)[1]
Shader Model 4.1+ (see capabilities)[1]
OpenCLDepending on version (see capabilities)[1]
OpenGLOpenGL 2.1+ (see capabilities)[1][2][3]
VulkanDepending on version
History
PredecessorIntel GMA
SuccessorIntel Xe
Core i5 processor with integrated HD Graphics 2000

Intel Iris Graphics and Intel Iris Pro Graphics are the IGP series introduced in 2013 with some models of Haswell processors as the high-performance versions of HD Graphics. Iris Pro Graphics was the first in the series to incorporate embedded DRAM.[5]

In the fourth quarter of 2013, Intel integrated graphics represented, in units, 65% of all PC graphics processor shipments.[6] However, this percentage does not represent actual adoption as a number of these shipped units end up in systems with discrete graphics cards.

History

Before the introduction of Intel HD Graphics, Intel integrated graphics were built into the motherboard's northbridge, as part of the Intel's Hub Architecture. They were known as Intel Extreme Graphics and Intel GMA. As part of the Platform Controller Hub (PCH) design, the northbridge was eliminated and graphics processing was moved to the same die as the central processing unit (CPU).

The previous Intel integrated graphics solution, Intel GMA, had a reputation of lacking performance and features, and therefore was not considered to be a good choice for more demanding graphics applications, such as 3D gaming. The performance increases brought by Intel's HD Graphics made the products competitive with integrated graphics adapters made by its rivals, Nvidia and ATI/AMD.[7] Intel HD Graphics, featuring minimal power consumption that is important in laptops, was capable enough that PC manufacturers often stopped offering discrete graphics options in both low-end and high-end laptop lines, where reduced dimensions and low power consumption are important.

Generations

Intel HD and Iris Graphics are divided into generations, and within each generation are divided into 'tiers' of increasing performance, denominated by the 'GTx' label.

Generation five based

Westmere

In January 2010, Clarkdale and Arrandale processors with Ironlake graphics were released, and branded as Celeron, Pentium, or Core with HD Graphics. There was only one specification:[8] 12 execution units, up to 43.2 GFLOPS at 900 MHz. It can decode a H264 1080p video at up to 40 fps.

Its direct predecessor, the GMA_X4500, featured 10 EUs at 800 MHz, but it lacked some capabilities.[9]

Model numberTierExecution unitsBoost Clock (MHz)max GFLOPS
HD Graphics?1290043.2

Generation six based

Sandy Bridge

In January 2011, the Sandy Bridge processors were released, introducing the "second generation" HD Graphics:

Model numberTierExecution unitsBoost Clock (MHz)max GFLOPS
HD GraphicsGT16100096
HD Graphics 20001350129.6
HD Graphics 3000GT2121350259.2

Sandy Bridge Celeron and Pentium have Intel HD, while Core i3 and above have either HD 2000 or HD 3000. HD Graphics 2000 and 3000 include hardware video encoding and HD postprocessing effects.

Generation seven based

Ivy Bridge

On 24 April 2012, Ivy Bridge was released, introducing the "third generation" of Intel's HD graphics:[10]

Model numberTierExecution units Shading unitsBoost Clock (MHz)max GFLOPS
HD GraphicsGT16 481050100.8
HD Graphics 25001150110.4
HD Graphics 4000GT216 1281300332.8

Ivy Bridge Celeron and Pentium have Intel HD, while Core i3 and above have either HD 2500 or HD 4000. HD Graphics 2500 and 4000 include hardware video encoding and HD postprocessing effects.

For some low-power mobile CPUs there is limited video decoding support, while none of the desktop CPUs have this limitation.

Haswell

Intel Haswell i7-4771 CPU, which contains integrated HD Graphics 4600 (GT2)

On 12 September 2012, Haswell CPUs were announced, with four models of integrated GPUs:

MarketModel numberTierExecution
units
Shading
units
eDRAM
(MB)
Boost Clock
(MHz)
max
GFLOPS
ConsumerHD GraphicsGT110 80N/A1150184
HD Graphics 4200GT220 160850272
HD Graphics 4400950 – 1150304 – 368
HD Graphics 4600900 – 1350288 – 432
HD Graphics 5000GT340 3201000 – 1100640 – 704
Iris Graphics 51001100 – 1200704 – 768
Iris Pro Graphics 5200GT3e1281300832
ProfessionalHD Graphics P4600GT220 160N/A1200 – 1250384 – 400
HD Graphics P47001250 – 1300400 – 416

The 128 MB of eDRAM in the Iris Pro GT3e is in the same package as the CPU, but on a separate die manufactured in a different process. Intel refers to this as a Level 4 cache, available to both CPU and GPU, naming it Crystalwell. The Linux drm/i915 driver is aware and capable of using this eDRAM since kernel version 3.12.[11][12][13]

Integrated Iris Pro Graphics was adopted by Apple for their late-2013 15-inch MacBook Pro laptops (with Retina Display), which for a long time in the history of the series did not have discrete graphics cards, although only for the low-end model.[14] It was also included on the late-2013 21.5-inch iMac.[15]

Generation eight based

Broadwell

In November 2013, it was announced that Broadwell-K desktop processors (aimed at enthusiasts) will also carry Iris Pro Graphics.[16]

The following models of integrated GPU are announced for Broadwell processors:[17]

MarketModel numberTierExecution
units
Shading
units
eDRAM
(MB)
Boost Clock
(MHz)
max
GFLOPS
ConsumerHD GraphicsGT112 96850163.2
HD Graphics 5300GT224 192900345.6
HD Graphics 5500950364.8
HD Graphics 56001050403.2
HD Graphics 6000GT348 3841000768
Iris Graphics 61001100844.8
Iris Pro Graphics 6200GT3e1281150883.2
ProfessionalHD Graphics P5700GT224 1921000384
Iris Pro Graphics P6300GT3e48 3841281150883.2

Braswell

Model numberCPU
model
TierExecution
units
Clock speed
(MHz)
HD Graphics 400E8000GT112320
N30xx320 – 600
N31xx320 – 640
J3xxx320 – 700
HD Graphics 405N37xx16400 – 700
J37xx18400 – 740

Generation nine based

Skylake

The Skylake line of processors, launched in August 2015, retires VGA support, while supporting multi-monitor setups of up to three monitors connected via HDMI 1.4, DisplayPort 1.2 or Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) 1.3 interfaces.[18][19]

The following models of integrated GPU are available or announced for the Skylake processors:[20][21]

MarketModel numberTierExecution
units
Shading
units
eDRAM
(MB)
Boost Clock
(MHz)
max
GFLOPS
ConsumerHD Graphics 510GT112 96950182.4
HD Graphics 515GT224 1921000384
HD Graphics 5201050403.2
HD Graphics 5301150[18]441.6
Iris Graphics 540GT3e48 384641050806.4
Iris Graphics 5501100844.8
Iris Pro Graphics 580GT4e72 57612810001152
Professional HD Graphics P530GT224 1921150441.6
Iris Pro Graphics P555GT3e48 3841281000[22]768
Iris Pro Graphics P580GT4e72 57610001152

Apollo Lake

The Apollo Lake line of processors was launched in August 2016.

Model numberCPU
model
TierExecution
units
Shading
units
Clock speed
(MHz)
HD Graphics 500E3930GT112 96400 – 550
E3940400 – 600
N3350200 – 650
N3450200 – 700
J3355250 – 700
J3455250 – 750
HD Graphics 505E395018 144500 – 650
N4200200 – 750
J4205250 – 800

Kaby Lake

The Kaby Lake line of processors was introduced in August 2016. New features: speed increases, support for 4K UHD "premium" (DRM encoded) streaming services, media engine with full hardware acceleration of 8- and 10-bit HEVC and VP9 decode.[23][24]

MarketModel numberTierExecution
units
Shading
units
eDRAM
(MB)
Base clock
(MHz)
Boost clock
(MHz)
max
GFLOPS
Used in
ConsumerHD Graphics 610GT112 96 300−350900 − 1100 172.8 – 211.2 Desktop Celeron, Desktop Pentium G45**, i3-7101
HD Graphics 615GT224 192 300900 – 1050345.6 – 403.2 m3-7Y30/32, i5-7Y54/57, i7-7Y75, Pentium 4415Y
HD Graphics 6201000 – 1050384 – 403.2 i3-7100U, i5-7200U, i5-7300U, i7-7500U, i7-7600U
HD Graphics 630 350 1000 – 1150 384 − 441.6 Desktop Pentium G46**, i3, i5 and i7, and Laptop H-series i3, i5 and i7
Iris Plus Graphics 640 GT3e 48 384 64 300 950 – 1050 729.6 − 806.4 i5-7260U, i5-7360U, i7-7560U, i7-7660U
Iris Plus Graphics 650 1050 – 1150 806.4 − 883.2 i3-7167U, i5-7267U, i5-7287U, i7-7567U
Professional HD Graphics P630 GT2 24 192 350 1000 – 1150 384 − 441.6 Xeon E3-**** v6

Kaby Lake Refresh / Amber Lake / Coffee Lake / Whiskey Lake / Comet Lake

The Kaby Lake line of processors was introduced in October 2017. New Features: HDCP 2.2 support [25]

MarketModel numberTierExecution
units
Shading
units
eDRAM
(MB)
Base clock
(MHz)
Boost clock
(MHz)
max
GFLOPS
Used in
Consumer UHD Graphics 610 GT1 12 96 350 1050 201.6 Pentium Gold G54**, Celeron G49**
UHD Graphics 615GT2 24 192 300 900 – 1050 345.6 – 403.2 i7-8500Y, i5-8200Y, m3-8100Y
UHD Graphics 617 1050 403.2 i7-8510Y, i5-8310Y, i5-8210Y
UHD Graphics 620 1000 – 1150 422.4 – 441.6 i3-8130U, i5-8250U, i5-8350U, i7-8550U, i7-8650U

i3-8145U, i5-8265U, i5-8365U, i7-8565U, i7-8665U

UHD Graphics 630 23[26] 184 350 1100 – 1150 404.8 – 423.2 i3-8350K, i3-8100 with stepping B0
24 192 1050 – 1250 403.2 – 480 i9, i7, i5, i3, Pentium Gold G56**, G55**
Iris Plus Graphics 645 GT3e 48 384 128 300 1050 – 1150 ? i7-8557U, i5-8257U
Iris Plus Graphics 655 1050 – 1200 806.4 – 921.6 i7-8559U, i5-8269U, i5-8259U, i3-8109U
Professional UHD Graphics P630 GT2 24 192 350 1100 – 1200 422.4 – 460.8 Xeon E 21**G, 21**M, 22**G, 22**M

Gemini Lake

New Features: HDMI 2.0 support, VP9 10-bit Profile2 hardware decoder[27]

Model numberTierExecution
units
Shading
units
CPU
model
Clock speed
(MHz)
GFLOPS
UHD Graphics 600GT112 96
N4000200 – 650 38.4 – 124.8
N4100200 – 700 38.4 – 134.4
J4005250 – 700 48.0 – 134.4
J4105250 – 750 48.0 – 144.0
UHD Graphics 605GT1.518
N5000200 – 750 57.6 – 216
J5005250 – 800 72.0 – 230.4

Generation eleven based

Ice Lake

New Features: 10 nm Gen 11 GPU microarchitecture, two HEVC 10-bit encode pipelines, three 4K display pipelines (or 2x 5K60, 1x 4K120), variable rate shading (VRS) [28][29][30] Integer scaling[31]

MarketNameTierExecution
units
Shading
units
Base clock
(MHz)
Boost clock
(MHz)
max
GFLOPS
Used in
Consumer UHD Graphics G1 32 512 300 900 – 1050 460.8 – 537.6 Core i3-10**G1, i5-10**G1
Iris Plus Graphics G4 48 768 300 900 – 1050 691.2 – 806.4 Core i3-10**G4, i5-10**G4
G7 64 1024 300 1050 – 1100 1075.2 – 1126.4 Core i5-10**G7, i7-10**G7

Future

Intel Xe is an in-development GPGPU and dGPU product expected to first release products in 2020.

Features

Intel Insider

Beginning with Sandy Bridge, the graphics processors include a form of digital copy protection and digital rights management (DRM) called Intel Insider, which allows decryption of protected media within the processor.[32][33] Previously there was a similar technology called Protected Audio Video Path (PAVP).

Intel Quick Sync Video

Intel Quick Sync Video is Intel's hardware video encoding and decoding technology, which is integrated into some of the Intel CPUs. The name "Quick Sync" refers to the use case of quickly transcoding ("syncing") a video from, for example, a DVD or Blu-ray Disc to a format appropriate to, for example, a smartphone. Quick Sync was introduced with the Gen 6 in Sandy Bridge microprocessors on 9 January 2011.

Graphics Virtualization Technology

Graphics Virtualization Technology was announced 1 January 2014 and is supported by Iris Pro GPUs.[34]

Multiple monitors

Ivy Bridge

HD 2500 and HD 4000 GPUs in Ivy Bridge CPUs are advertised as supporting three active monitors, but this only works if two of the monitors are configured identically, which covers many[35] but not all three-monitor configurations. The reason for this is that the chipsets only include two phase-locked loops (PLLs) for generating the pixel clocks timing the data being transferred to the displays.[36]

Therefore, three simultaneously active monitors can only be achieved when at least two of them share the same pixel clock, such as:

  • Using two or three DisplayPort connections, as they require only a single pixel clock for all connections.[37] Passive adapters from DisplayPort to some other connector do not count as a DisplayPort connection, as they rely on the chipset being able to emit a non-DisplayPort signal through the DisplayPort connector. Active adapters that contain additional logic to convert the DisplayPort signal to some other format count as a DisplayPort connection.
  • Using two non-DisplayPort connections of the same connection type (for example, two HDMI connections) and the same clock frequency (like when connected to two identical monitors at the same resolution), so that a single unique pixel clock can be shared between both connections.[35]

Another possible three-monitor solution uses the Embedded DisplayPort on a mobile CPU (which does not use a chipset PLL at all) along with any two chipset outputs.[37]

Haswell

ASRock Z87- and H87-based motherboards support three displays simultaneously.[38] Asus H87-based motherboards are also advertised to support three independent monitors at once.[39]

Capabilities

Micro-
architecture
- Socket
BrandGraphicsVulkanOpenGLDirect3DHLSL shader modelOpenCL
"Core""Pentium""Celeron"GenGraphics brandLinuxWindowsLinuxWindowsLinuxWindowsLinuxWindows
Westmere - 1156i3/5/7-xxx(G/P)6000 and U5000P4000 and U30005.5th[40]HDN/A2.1N/A10.1[1]4.1N/A
Sandy Bridge - 1155i3/5/7-2000(B)900, (G)800 and (G)600(B)800, (B)700, G500 and G4006th[41]HD 3000 and 20003.3[42]3.1[1]
Ivy Bridge - 1155i3/5/7-3000(G)2000 and A1018G1600, 1000 and 9007th[43][44]HD 4000 and 25001.0N/A 4.2[45]4.0[1][46]11.05.01.2 (Beignet)1.2[47]
Bay Trail - SoCsN/AJ2000, N3500 and A1020J1000 and N2000HD Graphics (Bay Trail)[48]
Haswell - 1150i3/5/7-4000(G)3000G1800 and 20007.5th[49]HD 5000, 4600, 4400 and 4200; Iris Pro 5200, Iris 5000 and 51004.6[50]4.3[51]12 (fl 11_1)[52]
Broadwell - 1150i3/5/7-500038003700 and 32008th[53]Iris Pro 6200[54] and P6300, Iris 6100[55] and HD 6000,[56] P5700, 5600,[57] 5500,[58] 5300[59] and HD Graphics (Broadwell)[60]4.4[1]1.2 (Beignet) / 2.1 (Neo)[61]2.0
Braswell - SoCsN/AN3700N3000, N3050, N3150HD Graphics (Braswell),[62] based on Broadwell graphics1.2 (Beignet)
(J/N)3710(J/N)3010, 3060, 3160(rebranded)
HD Graphics 400, 405
Skylake - 1151i3/5/7-6000(G)40003900 and 38009thHD 510, 515, 520, 530 and 535; Iris 540 and 550; Iris Pro 5801.1 Mesa 18.11.1[63]4.6[64]12 (fl 12_1)6.02.0 (Beignet)[65] / 2.1 (Neo)[66]
Apollo Lake - SoCsN/A(J/N)4xxx(J/N)3xxxHD Graphics 500, 5052.0 (Beignet)[67] / 1.2 (Neo)[68]
Gemini Lake - SoCsN/ASilver (J/N)5xxx(J/N)4xxx9.5th[69]UHD 600, 605
Kaby Lake - 1151m3/i3/5/7-7000(G)4000(G)3900 and 3800HD 610, 615, 620, 630, Iris Plus 640, Iris Plus 6502.0 (Beignet)[70] / 2.1 (Neo)[71]2.1[72]
Kaby Lake Refresh - 1151i5/7-8000UN/AN/AUHD 620
Whiskey Lake - 1151i3/5/7-8000UN/AN/A
Coffee Lake - 1151i3/5/7/9-8000
i3/5/7/9-9000
Gold (G)5xxx(G)49xxUHD 630, Iris Plus 655

OpenCL 2.1 and 2.2 possible with software update on OpenCL 2.0 hardware (Broadwell+) with future software updates.[73]

While Mesa does support Direct3D 9.3, this is only implemented for Gallium3D-style drivers and not for the Mesa Intel driver.

Capabilities (GPU video acceleration)

Intel developed a dedicated SIP core which implements multiple video decompression and compression algorithms branded Intel Quick Sync Video. Some are implemented completely, some only partially.

Hardware-accelerated algorithms

hardware-accelerated video compression and decompression algorithms present in Intel Quick Sync Video
CPU's
microarchitecture
Stepsvideo compression and decompression algorithms
H.265
(HEVC)
H.264
(MPEG-4 AVC)
H.262
(MPEG-2)
VC-1/WMV9JPEG
/
MJPEG
VP8VP9
Westmere[74]Decode
Encode
Sandy BridgeDecodeProfilesConstrainedBaseline, Main, High, StereoHighSimple, MainSimple, Main, Advanced
Levels
Max. resolution
EncodeProfilesConstrainedBaseline, Main, High
Levels
Max. resolution
Ivy BridgeDecodeProfilesConstrainedBaseline, Main, High, StereoHighSimple, MainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline
Levels
Max. resolution
EncodeProfilesConstrainedBaseline, Main, HighSimple, Main
Levels
Max. resolution
HaswellDecodeProfilesPartial 8-bit[75]Main, High, SHP, MHPMainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline
Levels4.1Main, HighHigh, 3
Max. resolution1080/60p1080/60p16k×16k
EncodeProfilesMain, HighMainBaseline
Levels4.1High-
Max. resolution1080/60p1080/60p16k×16k
Broadwell[76][77]DecodeProfilesPartial 8-bit & 10-bit[75] MainSimple, Main, Advanced0Partial[75]
LevelsMain, HighHigh, 3Unified
Max. resolution1080/60p1080p
EncodeProfilesMain-
LevelsMain, High
Max. resolution1080/60p
Skylake[78]DecodeProfilesMainMain, High, SHP, MHPMainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline00
Levels5.25.2Main, HighHigh, 3UnifiedUnifiedUnified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p3840×384016k×16k1080p4k/24p@15Mbit/s
EncodeProfilesMainMain, HighMainBaselineUnified
Levels5.25.2High-Unified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p16k×16k-
Kaby Lake[79]
Coffee Lake[80]
Whiskey Lake
Comet Lake
DecodeProfilesMain, Main 10Main, High, MVC, StereoMainSimple, Main, AdvancedBaseline00, 2
Levels5.25.2Main, HighSimple, High, 3UnifiedUnifiedUnified
Max. resolution2160/60p1080/60p3840×384016k×16k1080p
EncodeProfilesMainMain, HighMainBaselineUnifiedSupport 8 bits 4:2:0
BT.2020 may be obtained
the pre/post processing
Levels5.25.2High-Unified
Max. resolution2160/60p2160/60p1080/60p16k×16k-

Intel Pentium and Celeron family

Intel Pentium & Celeron familyGPU video acceleration
VED
(Video Encode / Decode)
H.265/HEVCH.264/MPEG-4 AVCH.262
(MPEG-2)
VC-1/WMV9JPEG/MJPEGVP8VP9
Braswell[81][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4]DecodeProfileMainCBP, Main, High Main, HighAdvanced850 MP/s 4:2:0
640 MP/s 4:2:2
420 MP/s 4:4:4
Level55.2High4
Max. resolution4k×2k/30p4k×2k/60p1080/60p1080/60p4k×2k/60p1080/30p
EncodeProfileCBP, Main, HighMain, High850 MP/s 4:2:0
640 MP/s 4:2:2
420 MP/s 4:4:4
Up to 720p30
Level5.1High
Max. resolution4k×2k/30p1080/30p4k×2k/30p
Apollo Lake[82]DecodeProfileMain, Main 10CBP, Main, HighMain, HighAdvanced1067 MP/s 4:2:0

800 MP/s 4:2:2

533 MP/s 4:4:4

0
Level 5.1 5.2 High 4
Max. resolution 1080p240, 4k×2k/60p 1080/60p 1080/60p
Encode Profile Main CBP, Main, High 1067 MP/s 4:2:0

800 MP/s 4:2:2

533 MP/s 4:4:4

Level 4 5.2
Max. resolution 4kx2k/30p 1080p240, 4k×2k/60p 4k×2k/30p 480p30 (SW only)
Gemini Lake[83]DecodeProfileMain, Main 10CBP, Main, HighMain, HighAdvanced1067 MP/s 4:2:0

800 MP/s 4:2:2

533 MP/s 4:4:4

0, 2
Level 5.1 5.2 High 4
Max. resolution 1080p240, 4k×2k/60p 1080/60p 1080/60p
Encode Profile Main CBP, Main, High Main, High 1067 MP/s 4:2:0

800 MP/s 4:2:2

533 MP/s 4:4:4

0
Level 4 5.2 High
Max. resolution 4kx2k/30p 1080p240, 4k×2k/60p 1080/60p 4k×2k/30p

Intel Atom family

Intel Atom familyGPU video acceleration
VED
(Video Encode / Decode)
H.265/HEVCH.264/MPEG-4 AVCMPEG-4 VisualH.263H.262
(MPEG-2)
VC-1/WMV9JPEG/MJPEGVP8VP9
Bay Trail-TDecode[84]ProfileMain, High Main0
Level5.1 High
Max. resolution4k×2k/30p 1080/60p4k×2k/30p4k×2k/30p
Encode[84]ProfileMain, High Main--
Level5.1 High--
Max. resolution4k×2k/30p 1080/60p1080/30p -1080/30p
Cherry Trail-T[85] Decode Profile Main CBP, Main, High Simple Main Advanced 1067 Mbit/s – 4:2:0

800 Mbit/s – 4:2:2

Level 5 5.2 High 4
Max. resolution 4k×2k/30p 4k×2k/60p, 1080@240p 480/30p 480/30p 1080/60p 1080/60p 4k×2k/30p 1080/30p
Encode Profile Constrained Baseline, Main, High (MVC) 1067 Mbit/s – 4:2:0

800 Mbit/s – 4:2:2

Level 5.1 (4.2)
Max. resolution 4k×2k/30p, 1080@120p 480/30p 4k×2k/30p

Documentation

Intel releases programming manuals for most of Intel HD Graphics devices via its Open Source Technology Center.[86] This allows various open source enthusiasts and hackers to contribute to driver development, and port drivers to various operating systems, without the need for reverse engineering.

See also

  • Video card
  • Accelerated processing unit (APU)
  • Free and open-source graphics device driver
  • List of Intel graphics processing units
  • List of Nvidia graphics processing units
  • List of AMD graphics processing units

Notes

  1. The abbreviation "GT" appears in certain monitoring tools, such as Intel Power Gadget in reference to the graphics core on Intel processors.
  2. VP9 media codec GPU accelerator to be supported post TTM, for non-Windows operating systems only.
  3. Resolution details for media codec on open source Linux OS depends on platform features and drivers used. Decode/Encode features may not align to Table 8-4 that is specific to Win8.1 and Win7 operating systems.
  4. All capabilities dependent on OS. Here HW support is mentioned. For more info, see Table 8-4 on page 80 of PDF.

References

  1. "Supported APIs and Features for Intel Graphics Drivers". Intel. Retrieved 2016-05-19.
  2. Michael Larabel (18 October 2013). "OpenGL 3.3 Support Lands In Mesa! Possible Mesa 11.0". Phoronix.
  3. "OpenGL ES Conformant product list".
  4. "Experience Visual Perfection with Intel® Graphics Technology". Intel. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  5. "Intel Iris Pro 5200 Graphics Review: Core i7-4950HQ Tested". AnandTech. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  6. "GPU market up—Intel and Nvidia graphics winners in Q4, AMD down". Jon Peddie Research. 2014-02-18. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
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  8. J. F. Amprimoz (2009-02-22). "The Delayed Mobile Nehalems: Clarksfield, Arrandale, and the Calpella Platform". Bright Hub. Retrieved 2014-01-15.
  9. "Intel HD Graphics: A Lot Better".
  10. "Intel's Official Ivy Bridge CPU Announcement Finally Live".
  11. Michael Larabel (2013-09-02). "Linux 3.12 Enables Haswell's Iris eLLC Cache Support". Phoronix. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  12. Widawsky, Ben (2013-07-16). "drm/i915: Use eLLC/LLC by default when available". kernel.org. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  13. Wilson, Chris (2013-08-22). "drm/i915: Use Write-Through cacheing for the display plane on Iris". kernel.org. Retrieved 2013-10-25.
  14. Galbraith, Jim (2013-10-31). "15-inch Retina MacBook Pro review: A tale of two laptops". Macworld. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  15. Shimpi, Anand Lal (7 October 2013). "21.5-inch iMac (Late 2013) Review: Iris Pro Driving an Accurate Display". AnandTech. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  16. . 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20140112222314/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20131120235034_First_Details_Regarding_Intel_Broadwell_K_Microprocessors_Emerge.html. Archived from the original on 2014-01-12. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. "Intel will announce Broadwell U 14nm cpu at CES 2014". chinese.vr-zone.com. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
  18. Ian Cutress (2015-08-05). "Skylake's iGPU: Intel Gen9 – The Intel 6th Gen Skylake Review: Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K Tested". AnandTech. Retrieved 2015-08-06.
  19. Michael Larabel (2014-09-10). "Intel Publishes Initial Skylake Linux Graphics Support". Phoronix. Retrieved 2014-09-16.
  20. "Khronos Products: Conformant Products". khronos.org. 2015-07-11. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
  21. Ian Cutress (2015-09-01). "Intel's Generation 9 Graphics – The Intel Skylake Mobile and Desktop Launch, with Architecture Analysis". AnandTech. Retrieved 2015-09-02.
  22. Ian Cutress (2016-05-31). "Intel Announces Xeon E3-1500 v5: Iris Pro and eDRAM for Streaming Video". AnandTech. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
  23. "New 7th Gen Intel Core Processor: Built for the Immersive Internet". Intel Newsroom. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  24. "The Media Engine - Intel Kaby Lake: 14nm+, Higher Clocks, New Media Engine". Tom's Hardware. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
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