Heterodonta

Heterodonta is a taxonomic subclass of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. This subclass includes the edible clams, the cockles and the Venus clams.[1]

Heterodonta
The venerid species Austrovenus stutchburyi, the New Zealand cockle, is sold internationally as sea food.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta
Orders
  • Infraclass: Archiheterodonta
    • Actinodontida
    • Carditida
  • Infraclass: Euheterodonta
    • Superorder: Anomalodesmata
    • Superorder: Imparidentia
      • Adapedonta
      • Cardiida
      • Galeommatida
      • Gastrochaenida
      • †Hippuritida
      • Lucinida
      • Megalodontida
      • †Modiomorphida
      • Myida
      • Sphaeriida
      • Venerida

Description

These bivalves are distinguished by having the two halves of the shell equally sized (i.e, they are equivalved) and having a few cardinal teeth separated from a number of long lateral teeth. Their shells lack a nacreous layer, and the gills are lamellibranch in form. Most species have a siphon.[2]

Orders and families

In 2010, a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published in by Bieler, Carter & Coan, revising the classification of the Bivalvia, including the subclass Heterodonta.[3] The following tree is their info which has been updated with the latest information from the World Register of Marine Species:

Subclass: Heterodonta

  • Unclassified family: †Lipanellidae
  • Infraclass: Archiheterodonta[4][5]
    • Order: †Actinodontida[6]
      • Superfamily: †Amnigenioidea
        • Family: †Amnigeniidae
        • Family: †Montanariidae
        • Family: †Zadimerodiidae
      • Superfamily: †Anodontopsoidea
        • Family: †Actinodontidae
        • Family: †Anodontopsidae
        • Family: †Baidiostracidae
        • Family: †Cycloconchidae
        • Family: †Intihuarellidae
        • Family: †Redoniidae
      • Superfamily: †Nyassoidea
        • Family: †Nyassidae
      • Superfamily: †Oriocrassatelloidea
        • Family: †Crassatellopsidae
        • Family: †Oriocrassatellidae
      • Superfamily: †Palaeomuteloidea
        • Family: †Palaeomutelidae
    • Order: Carditida[7]
      • Unclassified family: †Archaeocardiidae
      • Unclassified family: †Eodonidae
      • Superfamily: Carditoidea
        • Family: †Cardiniidae
        • Family: Carditidae
        • Family: Condylocardiidae
      • Superfamily: Crassatelloidea
        • Family: †Aenigmoconchidae
        • Family: Astartidae
        • Family: Crassatellidae
        • Family: †Myophoricardiidae
  • Infraclass: Euheterodonta[8]
    • Unassigned Euheterodonta[9]
      • Superfamily: †Babinkoidea
      • Superfamily: †Orthonotoidea
    • Superorder: Anomalodesmata[10]
      • Superfamily: Clavagelloidea
        • Family: Clavagellidae
        • Family: Penicillidae
      • Superfamily: Cuspidarioidea
        • Family: Cuspidariidae
        • Family: Halonymphidae
        • Family: Protocuspidariidae
        • Family: Spheniopsidae
      • Superfamily: Myochamoidea
        • Family: Cleidothaeridae
        • Family: Myochamidae
      • Superfamily: Pandoroidea
        • Family: Lyonsiidae
        • Family: Pandoridae
      • Superfamily: Pholadomyoidea
        • Family: †Arenigomyidae
        • Family: †Margaritariidae
        • Family: Parilimyidae
        • Family: Pholadomyidae
        • Family: †Ucumariidae
      • Superfamily: Poromyoidea
        • Family: Cetoconchidae
        • Family: Poromyidae
      • Superfamily: Thracioidea
        • Family: †Burmesiidae
        • Family: Clistoconchidae
        • Family: Laternulidae
        • Family: Periplomatidae
        • Family: Thraciidae
      • Superfamily: Verticordioidea
        • Family: Euciroidae
        • Family: Lyonsiellidae
        • Family: Verticordiidae
    • Superorder: Imparidentia[11]
      • Unassigned Imparidentia
        • Unassigned Family: †Palaeocarditidae
        • Superfamily: Cyamioidea
          • Family: Cyamiidae
          • Family: Galatheavalvidae
          • Family: Sportellidae
        • Superfamily: Gaimardioidea
          • Family: Gaimardiidae
        • Superfamily: †Grammysioidea
          • Family: †Grammysiidae
          • Family: †Sanguinolitidae
        • Superfamily: †Kalenteroidea
          • Family: †Kalenteridae
      • Order: Adapedonta[12]
        • Superfamily: †Edmondioidea
          • Family: †Edmondiidae
          • Family: †Pachydomidae
        • Superfamily: Hiatelloidea
          • Family: Hiatellidae
        • Superfamily: Solenoidea
          • Family: Pharidae
          • Family: Solenidae
      • Order: Cardiida[13]
        • Superfamily: Cardioidea
          • Family: Cardiidae
          • Family: †Pterocardiidae
        • Superfamily: Tellinoidea
          • Family: Donacidae
          • Family: †Icanotiidae
          • Family: Psammobiidae
          • Family: †Quenstedtiidae
          • Family: Semelidae
          • Family: Solecurtidae
          • Family: †Sowerbyidae
          • Family: †Tancrediidae
          • Family: Tellinidae
          • Family: †Unicardiopsidae
      • Order: Galeommatida[14]
        • Superfamily: Galeommatoidea
          • Family: Basterotiidae
          • Family: Galeommatidae
          • Family: Lasaeidae
      • Order: Gastrochaenida[15]
        • Superfamily: Gastrochaenoidea
          • Family: Gastrochaenidae
      • Order: †Hippuritida (rudists)[16]
        • Suborder: †Hippuritidina
          • Superfamily: †Caprinoidea
            • Family: †Antillocaprinidae
            • Family: †Caprinidae
            • Family: †Caprinuloideidae
            • Family: †Ichthyosarcolitidae
          • Superfamily: †Radiolitoidea
            • Family: †Caprinulidae
            • Family: †Caprotinidae
            • Family: †Diceratidae
            • Family: †Hippuritidae
            • Family: †Monopleuridae
            • Family: †Plagioptychidae
            • Family: †Polyconitidae
            • Family: †Radiolitidae
            • Family: †Trechmannellidae
        • Suborder: †Requieniidina
          • Superfamily: †Requienioidea
            • Family: †Epidiceratidae
            • Family: †Requieniidae
      • Order: Lucinida[17]
        • Superfamily: Lucinoidea
          • Family: Lucinidae
          • Family: †Mactromyidae
          • Family: †Paracyclidae
        • Superfamily: Thyasiroidea
          • Family: Thyasiridae
      • Order: †Megalodontida[18]
        • Superfamily: †Mecynodontoidea
          • Family: †Beichuaniidae
          • Family: †Congeriomorphidae
          • Family: †Mecynodontidae
          • Family: †Plethocardiidae
          • Family: †Prosocoelidae
        • Superfamily: †Megalodontoidea
          • Family: †Ceratomyopsidae
          • Family: †Dicerocardiidae
          • Family: †Megalodontidae
          • Family: †Pachyrismatidae
          • Family: †Wallowaconchidae
      • Order: †Modiomorphida[19]
        • Superfamily: †Modiomorphoidea
          • Family: †Cypricardiniidae
          • Family: †Hippopodiumidae
          • Family: †Modiomorphidae
          • Family: †Palaeopharidae
          • Family: †Tusayanidae
      • Order: Myida[20]
        • Superfamily: Dreissenoidea
          • Family: Dreissenidae
        • Superfamily: Myoidea
          • Family: Corbulidae
          • Family: Myidae
          • Family: †Pleurodesmatidae
          • Family: †Raetomyidae
        • Superfamily: Pholadoidea
          • Family: Pholadidae
          • Family: Teredinidae (shipworms)
          • Family: Xylophagaidae
        • Superfamily: †Pleuromyoidea
          • Family: †Ceratomyidae
          • Family: †Pleuromyidae
          • Family: †Vacunellidae
      • Order: Sphaeriida[21]
        • Superfamily: Sphaerioidea
          • Family: †Neomiodontidae
          • Family: Sphaeriidae
      • Order: Venerida[22]
        • Superfamily: †Anthracosioidea
          • Family: †Anthracosiidae
          • Family: †Ferganoconchida
          • Family: †Shaanxiconchidae
        • Superfamily: Arcticoidea
          • Family: Arcticidae
          • Family: †Pollicidae
          • Family: Trapezidae
          • Family: †Veniellidae
        • Superfamily: Chamoidea
          • Family: Chamidae
        • Superfamily: Cyrenoidea
          • Family: Cyrenidae
          • Family: Cyrenoididae
          • Family: Glauconomidae
        • Superfamily: Glossoidea
          • Family: Glossidae
          • Family: Kelliellidae
          • Family: †Lutetiidae
          • Family: Vesicomyidae
        • Superfamily: Hemidonacoidea
          • Family: Hemidonacidae
        • Superfamily: Mactroidea
          • Family: Anatinellidae
          • Family: Cardiliidae
          • Family: Mactridae
          • Family: Mesodesmatidae
        • Superfamily: †Palaeanodontoidea
          • Family: †Palaeanodontidae
        • Superfamily: †Prilukielloidea
          • Family: †Prilukiellidae
          • Family: †Senderzoniellidae
        • Superfamily: Ungulinoidea
          • Family: Ungulinidae
        • Superfamily: Veneroidea
          • Family: †Isocyprinidae
          • Family: Neoleptonidae
          • Family: Veneridae

Notes:

  • Family †Lyrodesmatidae was classified by Bieler, Carter & Coan (2010) as uncertain Heterodonta but has since been classified as Palaeoheterodonta.[23]
  • Family †Redoniidae was classified by Bieler, Carter & Coan (2010) as uncertain Heterodonta but has since been classified more specifically as Anodontopsoidea.[24]
  • Family †Lipanellidae was classified by Bieler, Carter & Coan (2010) as uncertain Heteroconchia (a proposed infraclass of the proposed bivalve subclass Autobranchia) but has since been classified as uncertain Heterodonta.[25]

References

  1. Heterodonta Neumayr, 1884. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.
  2. Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 340. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
  3. Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184
  4. Archiheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.
  5. Giribet G. 2008. Bivalvia. Pp. 105-141, in: Ponder W.F. & Lindberg D.L. (eds), Molluscan Phylogeny. Berkeley: University of California Press, xi+469 pp.
  6. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Actinodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  7. Carditoida Dall, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 August 2010.
  8. Euheterodonta Giribet in Taylor, Williams, Glover & Dyal, 2007. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 3 February 2009.
  9. Unassigned Euheterodonta. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 12 July 2009.
  10. Anomalodesmata Dall, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
  11. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Imparidentia". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  12. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Adapedonta". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  13. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cardiida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  14. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Galeommatida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  15. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Gastrochaenida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  16. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Hippuritida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  17. Lucinoida Gray, 1854. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2010.
  18. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Megalodontida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  19. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Modiomorphida †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  20. Myoida Stoliczka, 1870. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
  21. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Sphaeriida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  22. Veneroida Gray, 1854. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 9 July 2010.
  23. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lyrodesmatidae P. Fischer, 1886 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  24. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Redoniidae Babin, 1966 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  25. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lipanellidae Sánchez, 2005 †". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
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