Game Boy Color

The technical specifications for the console are as follows:[10]

Game Paks manufactured by Nintendo have the following specifications:

• ROM: 8 MB maximum
• Cartridge RAM: 128 kiB maximum

Without additional mapper hardware, the maximum ROM size is 32kiB/256kib.

The Game Boy Color motherboard

The processor, which is a Zilog Z80 workalike made by Sharp with a few extra (bit manipulation) instructions, has a clock speed of approximately 8 MHz, twice as fast as that of the original Game Boy. The Game Boy Color has three times as much memory as the original (32 kilobytes system RAM, 16 kilobytes video RAM). The screen resolution is the same as the original Game Boy at 160×144 pixels.

The Game Boy Color features an infrared communications port for wireless linking. The feature is only supported in a small number of games, so the infrared port was dropped from the Game Boy Advance line, to be later reintroduced with the Nintendo 3DS, though wireless linking would return in the Nintendo DS line using Wi-Fi. The console is capable of displaying up to 56 different colors simultaneously on screen from its palette of 32,768 (8×4 color background palettes, 8x3+transparent sprite palettes), and can add basic four-, seven- or ten-color shading to games that had been developed for the original 4-shades-of-grey Game Boy. In the 7-color modes, the sprites and backgrounds are given separate color schemes, and in the 10-color modes the sprites are further split into two differently-colored groups; however, as flat black (or white) was a shared fourth color in all but one (7-color) palette, the overall effect is that of 4, 6, or 8 colors. This method of upgrading the color count results in graphic artifacts in certain games; for example, a sprite that is supposed to meld into the background is sometimes colored separately, making it easily noticeable. Manipulation of palette registers during display allows for a rarely used high color mode, capable of displaying more than 2,000 colors on the screen simultaneously.[13]

For dozens of select Game Boy games, the Game Boy Color has an enhanced palette built-in featuring up to 16 colors - four colors for each of the Game Boy's four layers.[14] If the system does not have a palette stored for a game, it defaults to a palette of green, blue, salmon, black, and white. However, at power up, one of 12 built-in color palettes is selectable by pressing a directional button and optionally A or B while the Game Boy logo is present on the screen.

These palettes each contain up to ten colors.[15] In most games, the four shades displayed on the original Game Boy translate to different subsets of this 10-color palette, such as by displaying movable sprites in one subset and backgrounds in another. The grayscale (Left + B) palette produces an appearance similar to that experienced on the original Game Boy, Game Boy Pocket or Game Boy Light.

Illustrated color-samples of the palettes for the different key-combinations. Any color crossed out will be present in palette RAM, but rendered as transparent.

• Donkey Kong
• Golf
• Kirby's Dream Land
• Kirby's Dream Land 2
• Kirby's Pinball Land
• Metroid II: Return of Samus
• Pitfall!
• Pokémon Red and Blue
• Pokémon Yellow (original Game Boy version)
• Super Mario Land
• Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins
• Tetris
• Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3

A few games used a programming technique to increase the number of colors available on-screen to more than 2,000. This "Hi-Color mode" was used by licensed developers including 7th Sense. Some examples of games using this technique are The Fish Files, The New Addams Family Series, and Alone in the Dark: The New Nightmare.[13] Cannon Fodder uses this technique to render full motion video segments in the introduction sequence, ending, and main menu screen.[16]

The clear cartridge for exclusive Game Boy Color games.

The black cartridge is for Game Boy games that takes advantage of the Game Boy Color's increased palette but not the increased memory or processor speed. These games can be played on the original Game Boy in grayscale.

Game Boy Color exclusive games are housed in clear-colored Game Pak cartridges.[17] They are shaped differently than original Game Boy games. When inserted into an original Game Boy, these translucent cartridges prevent the system from turning on due to a missing notch present on original Game Boy cartridges that prevent the cartridge from being removed once powered on, barring the Rumble Pack games or Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble.[18] Though the Game Boy Pocket, Super Game Boy, Super Game Boy 2, and Game Boy Light do power on with a Game Boy Color exclusive cartridge inserted, these games display a warning message stating that a Game Boy Color system is required and refuse to play. Chee-Chai Alien[19][20] and Pocket Music[21] power on with the Game Boy Advance and Game Boy Advance SP, but these games also display a warning message stating that a Game Boy Color system is required and refuse to play.

The logo for Game Boy Color spells out the word "COLOR" in the five original colors in which the unit was manufactured: Berry (C), Grape (O), Kiwi (L), Dandelion (O), and Teal (R).

Another color released at the same time was "Atomic Purple", made of a translucent purple plastic similar to the color available for the Nintendo 64 controller. Other colors were sold as limited editions or in specific countries.