Vulgate manuscripts

The Vulgate (/ˈvʌlɡeɪt, -ɡət/) is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible that was to become the Catholic Church's officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible during the 16th century, and is still used fundamentally in the Latin Church to this day.

A page from the Codex Amiatinus.

History

The Vulgate exists in many forms. The Codex Amiatinus is the oldest surviving complete manuscript; it dates from the 8th century.

A number of early manuscripts containing or reflecting the Vulgate survive today. Dating from the 8th century, the Codex Amiatinus is the earliest surviving manuscript of the complete Vulgate Bible. The Codex Fuldensis, dating from around 545, contains most of the New Testament in the Vulgate version, but the four gospels are harmonized into a continuous narrative derived from the Diatessaron.

Alcuin of York oversaw efforts to make an improved Vulgate, which he presented to Charlemagne in 801. He concentrated mainly on correcting inconsistencies of grammar and orthography, many of which were in the original text. More scholarly attempts were made by Theodulphus, Bishop of Orléans (787?–821); Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury (1070–1089); Stephen Harding, Abbot of Cîteaux (1109–1134); and Deacon Nicolaus Maniacoria (mid-12th century). The University of Paris, the Dominicans, and the Franciscans following Roger Bacon assembled lists of correctoria; approved readings where variants had been noted.[1] Many of the readings that were recommended were later found to be interpolations, or survivals of the Old Latin text, since medieval correctors commonly sought to adjust the Vulgate text into consistency with Bible quotations found in Early Church Fathers.

List of manuscripts

Stuttgart Vulgate

List of manuscripts with siglum from the Stuttgart Vulgate (officially known as Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem):

Manuscript sigla per *Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem[2]*
Sigla	Name	Approx. date	Prov.	Content	Custodian
A	*Amiatinus*	700	Northumbria	Bible	Laurentian Library
C	Cavensis	850	Hispania	Bible ex Cath	Monte Cassino
D		750	Lugdunum	Sam–Kings	Municipal Lib. of Lyon
D		750	Northumbria	Job	Russian National Lib.
D	Durmachensis	650	Hibernia	Gospels	Trinity College, Dublin
F	Codex Fuldensis	547	Capua	NT	Fulda
F		750	Gaul	Deut–Ruth	National Lib. of France
F	Corbeiense	750	Corbie	Ps(G&H)	Russian National Lib.
G	Turonensis	600	Tours	Gen–Num	National Lib. of France
G	Sangermanensis	850	Parisii		National Lib. of France
H	Cathach	650	Hibernia	Psalms	Royal Irish Academy
I		950	Gaul?	Psalms	Municipal Lib. of Rouen
I		800	Latium	Acts Cath Rev	Bibl. Vallicelliana of Rome
K		750	Italia	Ezra–Job	Cathedral Lib. of Cologne
K	Augiense	850	Augia	Psalms	Baden State Library
L		850	Würzburg	Deut–Ruth	Bodleian Library
L		850	Lugdunum	Ezra	Municipal Lib. of Lyon
L	Laureshamensis	600	Italia merid.	Tobit–Job	Vatican Library
L	Lugdunense	500	Lugdunum	Psalms(G)	Municipal Lib. of Lyon
L		850	Tours	Psalms(H)	British Museum
M	Maurdramni	750	Corbie		City Lib. of Amiens

New Testament

Vulgate of Mark 1:1ff in an illuminated manuscript held at Autun

Identification

The list of manuscripts below is based on citations in Novum Testamentum Graece (NA27) and The Greek New Testament (UBS4). Each manuscript is identified first by its siglum (the first column, s., in the table), as given by the critical apparatus of the editions mentioned. These sigla are related to content, so are not unique. For example, the letter S refers to Codex Sangallensis 1395 in the gospels, but to Codex Sangallensis 70 in the Pauline epistles. So sigla need disambiguation. In the table below, this is done by providing a full name. Additionally, the standard unique serial number for each manuscript is provided. Taken together sigla, name and number provide unambiguous identification, and some further information regarding the content, history and relationship of manuscripts.

Sigla, names and numbers exist to serve different scholastic purposes. Sigla, in the context of reference to an original document, provide unique and concise identification of witnesses to the text of that original, suited to minimizing the space taken by citation in a critical apparatus. Names, on the other hand, normally refer to specific handwritten volumes (often including other text), either as originally bound or in their current form. Names are typically Latin, and can refer to the place of composition (Codex Sangallensis, "Book from St. Gall") or rediscovery (Stonyhurst Gospel), the current location (Liber Ardmachanus, "Book of Armagh"), a famous owner (Codex Bezae, "Theodore Beza's Book"), a volume's function (Liber Comicus, "The Lectionary"), or can even refer to physical characteristics of a volume (Codex Gigas, "The Huge Book" or Codex Aureus, "The Gold Book"). The Book of Mulling is also known as Liber Moliensis after the name of the scribe, as tradition has it.

It must also be observed that certain Latin NT manuscripts may present a mixture of Vulgate and Old Latin texts. For example, Codex Sangermanensis (g¹ ) is Old Latin in Matthew, but Vulgate in the rest of the Gospels. Also, the text of John in Codex Veronensis is believed to be part Old Latin and part Vulgate.

List

Sigla	Name	Approx. date	Content	Custodian	City, State	Country
A	Codex Amiatinus	716	Bible	Laurentian Library	Florence	Italy
C	Codex Cavensis	850	Gosp–Paul; Rev	Archivio della Badia della Santissima Trinità	Cava de' Tirreni	Italy
C	Codex Complutensis I	927	Bible	Bibl. Univ. Centr. 31	Madrid	Spain
D	Codex Durmachensis	650	Gospels	Trinity College, Dublin	Dublin	Ireland
F	Codex Fuldensis	541—46	New Testament	Hochschul- und Landesbibliothek Fulda	Fulda	Germany
G	Codex Sangermanensis I	850	New Testament	BnF	Paris	France
I	—	800		Biblioteca Vallicelliana (in Italian)	Rome	Italy
K	—	850	Paul	Baden State Library	Karlsruhe	Germany
L	Lectionarium Luxoviense	700	General
M	Codex Mediolanensis	550	Gospels
N	—	450	Gospels	Bibliothèque Municipale National Library of France	Autun, Paris	France
P	—	600	Gospels
R	Codex Reginensis	750	Paul	Vatican Library	Vatican City	Vatican City
R	—	600	General	Biblioteca Capitolare	Verona	Italy
S	Codex Sangallensis 1395	450	Gospels	Abbey of St. Gall	St. Gallen	Switzerland
S	Codex Sangallensis 2	750	Acts; Rev	Abbey of St. Gall	St. Gallen	Switzerland
S	Codex Sangallensis 70	750	Paul	Abbey of St. Gall	St. Gallen	Switzerland
S	Codex Sangallensis 907	750	General	Abbey of St. Gall	St. Gallen	Switzerland
T	Codex Toletanus	950	Bible	National Library of Spain	Madrid	Spain
Z	Codex Harleianus	550	Gospels	British Museum	London	United Kingdom
Θ	Codex Theodulphianus	950	Bible	Bibliothèque nationale de France	Paris	France
Λ	Codex Legionensis	—	Acts–Rev	Basilica of San Isidoro	León	Spain
11A	Cod. M. p. th. f. 67		Gospels	University of Würzburg	Würzburg	Germany

References

Linde, Cornelia (2011). How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century. Medium Ævum Monographs 29. Oxford: Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature. ISBN 9780907570226.
Weber, Robert; Gryson, Roger, eds. (2007). "Index codicum et editionum". Biblia sacra : iuxta Vulgatam versionem. Oliver Wendell Holmes Library, Phillips Academy (5th ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. XLIII–XLVIII. ISBN 978-3-438-05303-9.

External links

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[1] Linde, Cornelia (2011). How to correct the Sacra scriptura? Textual criticism of the Latin Bible between the twelfth and fifteenth century. Medium Ævum Monographs 29. Oxford: Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature. ISBN 9780907570226.

[2] Weber, Robert; Gryson, Roger, eds. (2007). "Index codicum et editionum". Biblia sacra : iuxta Vulgatam versionem. Oliver Wendell Holmes Library, Phillips Academy (5th ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. XLIII–XLVIII. ISBN 978-3-438-05303-9.