Vice President of Peru

The Republic of Peru has two Vice Presidents who are elected along with the President in democratic elections.[2] Their only mission is to replace the President in case of death, permanent or temporary incapacity, resignation, being abroad without the permission of Congress, failure to return from abroad at fixed time, and/or dismissal or removal from office as allowed by the Constitution.[3]

First and Second Vice President of
the Republic of Peru
Incumbent
Vacant
since 23 March 2018 (First)
and 7 May 2020 (Second)
StyleMr./Madame Vice President
ResidenceGovernment Palace
AppointerDirect popular election
Term lengthFive years, not renewable immediately
Inaugural holderDiego de Aliaga (1823)
Formation1823[1]
SuccessionFirst Vice President
Second Vice President
President of Congress
Websitegob.pe/presidencia
Peru
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The Vice Presidents are first in the Presidential line of succession.[4]

Historically, the position was one of a sole Vice President, which was in place between 1829–1831 and 1858–1862. The dual positions of First and Second Vice Presidents have been in place since 1862.

The most recent holder is Mercedes Aráoz, who was elected as the Second Vice President in 2016 along with the election of Pedro Kuzcynski as President and Martín Vizcarra as First Vice President.[5][6] When Vizcarra succeeded Kuzcynski, after the latter's being driven from office by scandal in 2018, Aráoz became the sole Peruvian Vice President.[5] On 30 September 2019, the Peruvian Congress, caught up in a constitutional political crisis, named Aráoz acting President after having declared Vizacarra temporarily unfit for office.[5][6][7] Given that the Congress had itself been dissolved earlier that day by President Vizcarra, and given that Aráoz supported the latter's call for new congressional elections, she irrevocably resigned as Second Vice President on 1 October 2019, thus leaving vacancies in both vice-presidential offices and, moreover, leaving Vizcarra as the sole claimant for President, supported in that position by the Peruvian Armed Forces and the National Police of Peru.[5][6][7][8][9] However, her resignation is not official, since in Peru the resignation of the vice president has to be accepted by the Congress and that institution is not celebrating meetings given its dissolution.[10] Her resignation was finally accepted on 7 May 2020 by the new Peruvian Congress sworn on 16 March 2020.[11]

In contemporary history, only one vice president has assumed the presidency of Peru via constitutional succession. The 66th Vice President Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the ousting of President Kuczynski.[6]

History

The position of Vice President of Peru appeared for the first time in the Constitution of 1823:[1]

"ARTICLE 76: There will be a Vice President in whom the same qualities concur. He/she will administer and withhold Executive Power in event of the death, resignation, or impeachment of the President, or when the president is unable to control the armed forces." Constitution of 1823

First Vice President

The Constitution of 1828 and the Life Constitution of 1826 also proposed only one vice president, who had to be appointed by the president. In the Constitution of 1834, the office was disbanded until the Magna Carta of 1856, which reinstated the sole vice-presidency.

Second Vice President

The Constitution of 1860 established two vice-presidents, elected jointly with the President.

Article 89: "There will be two Vice Presidents of the Republic, named first and second, who will be elected at the same time, with the same qualities and for the same period as the President. Constitution of 1860

In the Constitution of 1867, the power of vice-presidents was eminently curtailed. However, this constitution held in place for a short period until a successful revolution of that same year restored the Constitution of 1860.

Similarly, the Constitution of 1920 abolished the positions of vice-presidents. The Constitution of 1933 failed to change this, but the office was eventually restored by the second presidency of Óscar R. Benavides, by law on April 1, 1936. In 1939, via plebiscitary consultation, a constitutional amendment was made restoring the office of vice president and second vice president.

The 1993 Constitution and the current constitution in force — put forth by President Alberto Fujimori — recognizes the double vice-presidency in the Executive Branch.

List of Vice Presidents of Peru
Portrait Vice PresidentPolitical PartyInauguratedLeft officePresidentNotes
-Diego de AliagaNovember 1823February 1824José Bernardo de Tagle[1]
-Manuel Salazar y BaquíjanoAugust 1827June 1829José de la Mar[1]
-Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente1 September 182916 April 1831Agustín Gamarra[1]
-Juan Manuel del Mar24 October 185816 June 1862Ramón Castilla[1]
FirstJuan Antonio PezetMilitary24 October 18625 August 1863Miguel de San Román[1]
SecondPedro Diez CansecoMilitary24 October 18625 August 1863[1]
FirstMariano Herencia ZevallosMilitary2 August 186827 July 1872José Balta[1]
SecondFrancisco Diez CansecoMilitary2 August 186827 July 1872[1]
FirstManuel Costas ArceCivilista Party2 August 18722 August 1876Manuel Pardo y Lavalle[1]
SecondFrancisco Garmendia PuértolasCivilista Party2 August 18722 August 1876[1]
FirstLuis La Puerta2 August 187618 December 1879Mariano Ignacio Prado[1]
SecondJosé Francisco Canevaro2 August 187618 December 1879[1]
FirstLizardo Montero Flores12 March 18816 November 1881Francisco García Calderón[1]
SecondAndrés Avelino Cáceres12 March 18816 November 1881[1]
FirstRemigio Morales BermúdezConstitutional Party3 June 188610 August 1890Andrés Cáceres[1]
SecondAurelio DenegriConstitutional Party3 June 188610 August 1890[1]
FirstPedro Alejandrino del SolarConstitutional Party10 August 18901 April 1894Remigio Morales Bermúdez[1]
SecondJustiniano BorgoñoConstitutional Party10 August 18901 April 1894[1]
FirstCésar CanevaroConstitutional Party10 August 189420 March 1895Andrés Cáceres[1]
SecondCesáreo Chacaltana ReyesConstitutional Party10 August 189420 March 1895[1]
FirstGuillermo BillinghurstDemocratic Party8 September 18958 September 1899Nicolás de Piérola[1]
SecondAugusto Seminario VásconesDemocratic Party8 September 18958 September 1899[1]
FirstIsaac AlzamoraAlianza Civil-Demócrata8 September 18998 September 1903Eduardo López de Romaña[1]
SecondFederico BresaniAlianza Civil-Demócrata8 September 18998 September 1903[1]
FirstLino Alarco BrediñanaCivilista PartySeptember 1903September 1903Manuel CandamoDied before taking office[1]
SecondSerapio CalderónCivilista Party8 September 19037 May 1904[1]
FirstJosé Salvador Cavero OvalleCivilista Party24 September 190424 September 1908José Pardo y Barreda[1]
SecondSerapio CalderónCivilista Party24 September 19041907[1]
FirstEugenio Larrabure y UnanueCivilista Party24 September 190824 September 1912Augusto Leguía[1]
SecondBelisario SosaConstitutional Party24 September 190824 September 1912[1]
FirstRoberto LeguíaCivilista Party24 September 19124 February 1914Guillermo Billinghurst[1]
SecondMiguel EcheniqueCivilista Party24 September 19124 February 1914[1]
FirstRicardo Bentín SánchezAlianza Civil-Constitucional-Liberal18 August 19154 July 1919José Pardo y Barreda[1]
SecondMelitón CarvajalAlianza Civil-Constitucional-Liberal18 August 19154 July 1919[1]
FirstCésar Canevaro12 October 191931 October 1922Augusto Leguía[1]
SecondAgustín de la Torre González12 October 191912 October 1924[1]
FirstErnesto Montagne MarkholzPeruvian Army13 April 19368 December 1939Óscar R. Benavides[1]
SecondAntonio Rodríguez RamírezPeruvian Army13 April 19368 December 1939[1]
FirstRafael Larco HerreraConservative8 December 193928 July 1945Manuel Prado Ugarteche[1]
SecondCarlos D. GibsonConservative8 December 193928 July 1945[1]
FirstJosé Gálvez BarrenecheaNational Democratic Front28 July 194529 October 1948José Bustamante y Rivero[1]
SecondEduardo Ganoza y GanozaNational Democratic Front28 July 194529 October 1948[1]
-Zenón Noriega AgüeroPeruvian Army29 October 19481 June 1950Manuel A. OdríaDe facto
FirstHéctor BozaOdriíst National Union28 July 195028 July 1956[1]
SecondFederico BolognesiOdriíst National Union28 July 195028 July 1956[1]
FirstLuis Gallo PorrasPeruvian Democratic Movement28 July 195618 July 1962Manuel Prado Ugarteche[1]
SecondCarlos Moreyra y Paz SoldánPeruvian Democratic Movement28 July 195618 July 1962[1]
FirstNicolás Lindley LópezPeruvian Army18 July 19623 March 1963Ricardo Pérez GodoyDe facto
SecondPedro Vargas PradaPeruvian Army18 July 19623 March 1963De facto
FirstEdgardo Seoane CorralesPopular Action28 July 19633 October 1968Fernando Belaúnde Terry[1]
SecondMario Polar UgartecheChristian Democracy28 July 19633 October 1968[1]
-Luis Edgardo Mercado JarrínPeruvian Army3 October 196830 August 1975Juan Velasco AlvaradoDe facto
-Pedro Richter PradaPeruvian Army30 August 197528 July 1980Francisco Morales BermúdezDe facto
FirstFernando Schwalb López AldanaPopular Action28 July 198028 July 1985Fernando Belaúnde Terry[12][1]
SecondJavier Alva OrlandiniPopular Action28 July 198028 July 1985[12][1]
FirstLuis Alberto SánchezPeruvian Aprista Party28 July 198528 July 1990Alan García Pérez[12][1]
SecondLuis Alva CastroPeruvian Aprista Party28 July 198528 July 1990[12][1]
FirstMáximo San RománChange 9028 July 19905 April 1992Alberto Fujimori[12][1]
SecondCarlos García y GarcíaChange 9028 July 19905 April 1992[12][1]
FirstRicardo Márquez FloresChange 90-New Majority28 July 199528 July 2000[12]
SecondCésar Paredes CantoChange 90-New Majority28 July 199528 July 2000[12]
FirstFrancisco TudelaPeru 200028 July 200022 November 2000[12]
SecondRicardo Márquez FloresPeru 200028 July 200022 November 2000[12]
FirstRaúl Diez CansecoPopular Action28 July 200130 January 2004Alejandro Toledo Manrique[12]
SecondDavid WaismanPossible Peru28 July 200128 July 2006[12]
FirstLuis Giampietri Peruvian Aprista Party28 July 200628 July 2011Alan García Pérez[12]
SecondLourdes Mendoza Peruvian Aprista Party28 July 200628 July 2011[12]
FirstMarisol Espinoza Peruvian Nationalist Party28 July 201128 July 2016Ollanta Humala[12]
SecondOmar Chehade Peruvian Nationalist Party28 July 201116 January 2012[12]
FirstMartín Vizcarra Peruvians for Change28 July 201623 March 2018Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
SecondMercedes Aráoz Peruvians for Change28 July 20167 May 2020Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
Martín Vizcarra

See also
  • List of current Vice Presidents

References
  1. Abog. Freddy Ronald Centurión González. "LA INSTITUCIÓN DE LA VICEPRESIDENCIA DE LA REPÚBLICA EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN PERUANA" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-10-19.
  2. Artículo 111°, Constitución Política Del Perú. (Retrieved 2019-10-06.)
  3. Artículos 113°, 114°, y 115°, Constitución Política Del Perú. (Retrieved 2019-10-06.)
  4. Artículo 115°, Constitución Política Del Perú. (Retrieved 2019-10-06.)
  5. "Disolución del Congreso en Perú: quién es Mercedes Aráoz, que renunció tras ser nombrada 'presidenta en funciones' por el Parlamento peruano para sustituir a Vizcarra", BBC Mundo, 2 octubre 2019. (Retrieved 2019-10-06.)
  6. Disolución del Congreso en Perú: 4 claves para entender el enfrentamiento entre Vizcarra y el Parlamento (y lo que puede pasar ahora)", BBC Mundo, 2 octubre 2019. (Retrieved 2019-10-06.)
  7. Disolución del Congreso de Perú: las dudas sobre la legalidad de la decisión de Vizcarra de disolver la cámara y sobre la suspensión temporal del presidente", BBC Mundo, 2 octubre 2019. (Retrieved 2019-10-06.)
  8. Disolución del Congreso en Perú: renuncia Mercedes Aráoz, nombrada "presidenta en funciones" por el Parlamento en sustitución de Vizcarra", BBC Mundo, 2 octubre 2019. (Retrieved 2019-10-06.)
  9. Mercedes Aráoz Fernández [MecheAF] (2019, October 1). He decidido renunciar irrevocablemente al cargo de Vicepresidenta Constitucional de la República. Las razones las explico en la carta adjunta. Espero que mi renuncia conduzca a la convocatoria de elecciones generales en el más breve plazo por el bien del país. [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://mobile.twitter.com/MecheAF/status/1179221001936211968
  10. "Ministra de Justicia asegura que para el Gobierno Mercedes Aráoz continúa siendo la vicepresidenta". RPP Noticias. 2 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  11. https://gestion.pe/peru/politica/congreso-acepta-renuncia-de-mercedes-araoz-a-la-segunda-vicepresidencia-de-la-republica-noticia/
  12. "Presidentes y vicepresidentes desde 1980 en Perú, crisis y realidades". 26 July 2018.
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