Urmia Khanate

Urmia Khanate (Azerbaijani: Urmiya xanlığı) was one of the Caucasian khanates. Existing from 1747-1865, it was founded by Fath-Ali Khan Afshar and it was located in historic Azerbaijan.

Urmia Khanate

1747–1865
Urmia Khanate at its greatest extent
StatusKhanate
CapitalUrmia, later, Tabriz
Common languagesPersian (official), Azerbaijani (Majority)
Religion
Islam
GovernmentKhanate
History 
• Established
1747
• Independence from Afsharids
1747
• Disestablished
1865
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Afsharid dynasty
Qajar dynasty

History

Reign of Fath-Ali

Fath-Ali Khan Afshar was the first khan of the Urmia Khanate. He was in power from 1747 to 1748, and again from 1757 until 1762.[1]

Shortly after coming to power, he captured Tabriz and moved the capital from Urmia to Tabriz. After this, he captured multiple other khanates, including Khoy Khanate, Karadagh Khanate, Maragheh Khanate and Sarab Khanate. In 1759, he marched onto Karabakh Khanate, which resulted in 6 months long siege and ultimately, Panah Ali Khan, khan of Karabakh Khanate, accepting to be the dependency of Fath-Ali. Panah Ali Khan's son Ibrahim Khalil Khan was taken hostage after the siege.[2][3]

In 1761 Karim Khan Zand and Panah Ali Khan's combined forces marched onto the Urmia Khanate, which resulted in Fath-Ali retreating to the city of Urmia. In May 1762, Karim Khan Zand striked again by capturing the city of Maragha and later sieging the city of Urmia for 9 months, which resulted in it being captured.[4] Fath-Ali was hanged in Shiraz in 1763.

List of khans
  • Fath-Ali Khan Afshar - 1747-1748
  • Mehdi Khan Afshar - 1748-1749
  • Azad Khan Afghan - 1749-1757
  • Fath-Ali Khan Afshar - 1757-1762 (again)
  • Rustam Khan Afshar - 1762-1763
  • Baghir Bek Afshar - 1763
  • Rzagulu Khan Afshar - 1763-1772
  • Imamgulu Khan Afshar - 1772-1783
  • Mahammadqulu Khan Afshar - 1784-1795
  • Qasim Khan Afshar - 1795-1796
  • Mustafaqulu Khan Afshar - 1796-1797
  • Mammadqulu Khan Afshar - 1797 (again)
  • Husenyqulu Khan Afshar - 1797-1821
  • Najafqulu Khan Afshar - 1821-1865 [5]

References
  1. URMİYA XANLIĞI (PDF). Süleyman Məmmədov. p. 44.
  2. Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747-1779. John R. Perry. p. 86.
  3. URMİYA XANLIĞI (PDF). Süleyman Məmmədov. p. 72.
  4. Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747-1779. John R. Perry. p. 89.
  5. URMİYA XANLIĞI (PDF). Süleyman Məmmədov. p. 44.


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