Type C7 ship

The Type C7 ship (Lancer Class) is a United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) designation for a cargo ship and the first purpose-built container ship. The vessels were constructed in US shipyards and entered service starting in 1968.[1] As US-built ships they were Jones Act qualified for shipments between US domestic ports. Under the Jones Act domestic US maritime trade is restricted to US-built and flagged vessels of US owners and manned by predominantly US-citizen crews. The last active Lancer container-configured ship was scrapped in 2019. Lancers of the vehicle Roll-on/Roll-off (RO/RO) configuration remain held in the Ready Reserve Force, National Defense Reserve Fleet[2] and the US Navy Military Sealift Command.[3] All are steam powered.[4]

United States Lines C7-S-68 Series

Eight Type C7-S-68 ships were built by Sun Shipbuilding for the United States Lines and entered service from 1968 to 1971. Upon the bankruptcy and dissolution of the company the ships were sold to other carriers. The design proved very reliable as all of the Lancer Class vessels operated until at least 2002. In October 2014 the last active '68 series Lancer Horizon Discovery, was delivered to the Bay Bridge Scrapyard in Brownsville, Texas. "..the Lancers revolutionized shipping as being the first true large (at that time) container ships. [They were] built for U.S. Lines and ran on the East Coast to Far East run for many years...Discovery also served in Desert Storm. Her keel was laid exactly 47 years ago on 10/26/1967..It has been an honor taking this grand ole girl to her final resting place. She sure had a good run for many years. Instead of going down kicking and screaming she ran proud and well right to the very end and went down easy." - Captain Bill Boyce [5]

Lancer Class container ship SS American Astronaut of the United States Lines, at sea in 1969.
MA Hull #MA DesignOriginal NameShipyard Hull #GTDWTDeliveryIMOLater NamesFate
184C7-S-68cAmerican Lancer64018,76422,2251968IMO 6708379HumacaoScrapped 2002[6]
185C7-S-68cAmerican Legion64118,76422,1381968IMO 6812211Sea-Land Challenger, Horizon ChallengerScrapped 2014[7]
186C7-S-68dAmerican Liberty64218,87621,6651968IMO 6820579Sea-Land Discovery, Horizon DiscoveryScrapped 2014[5]
187C7-S-68dAmerican Lynx64318,87621,6651968IMO 6828624Mayaguez[8]Scrapped 2004
188C7-S-68dAmerican Lark64418,87620,5741969IMO 6905252Horizon CrusaderScrapped 2010[9]
240C7-S-68eAmerican Astronaut64918,87620,5741969IMO 6916861GuayumaScrapped 2002[10]
251C7-S-68eAmerican Apollo65418,87620,5741970IMO 7026259Nuevo San JuanScrapped 2002[1]
252C7-S-68eAmerican Aquarius65518,87620,4801971IMO 7042485CarolinaScrapped 2002[1]

Pacific Far East Line C7-S-88 Series

Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point Shipyard constructed two C7-S-88a container ships for San Francisco, CA-based Pacific Far East Line (PFEL). These two ships were actually designed for and ordered by Matson Navigation, but when Matson decided to discontinue its transpacific operations the two ships were taken over by PFEL while still under construction. PFEL's ship names ended with Bear,[11] and the two new ships were launched as SS Australia Bear and SS New Zealand Bear. Australia Bear was completed in 1973, but before New Zealand Bear had been fully outfitted both ships were sold in 1974 to Sea-Land Service, Inc. and renamed Sea-Land Consumer and Sea-Land Producer as Sealand's SL18P class.[12] Sea-Land was bought by the CSX Corporation in 1986, and both ships were renamed in 2000. The domestic U.S. liner operations of Sea-Land were sold in 2003 and subsequently operated under the name Horizon Lines.[13] Their service life came in a full circle when Matson, who had initially designed the ships decades earlier, acquired Horizon Lines in 2015. The vessels would serve their new owners a few more years as Matson Consumer and Matson Producer. They were scrapped in 2018 and 2019 respectively.

MA Hull #MA DesignOriginal NameShipyard Hull #GTDWTDeliveryIMOLater NamesFate
253C7-S-88aAustralia Bear463923,76326,6001973IMO 7224306Sea-Land Consumer, CSX Consumer, Horizon Consumer, Matson ConsumerScrapped 2018[14]
254C7-S-88aNew Zealand Bear464023,76326,6001974IMO 7366312Sea-Land Producer, CSX Producer, Horizon Producer, Matson ProducerScrapped 2019[15]

States Steamship Lines C7-S-95 Series

The States Steamship Lines (or States Lines) ordered four C7-S-95a ships from Bath Iron Works[16] to carry both mixed and containerized cargo. These vessels differed from the earlier C7s in that they have an aft cargo ramp. Their service speed is 23 knots and the States Lines operated the vessels between the US west coast and Asian ports.[17] Their service time with the States Line however was brief as high fuel prices and competition drove the company into bankcuptcy in 1979.[18] The vessels were eventually acquired by the US Government and are among the 27 RO/RO ships in the Military Sealift Command. All are steam powered and maintained in the Ready Reserve Force with 5 days as time to activate.[2]

Military Sealift Command SS Cape Island
MA Hull #MA DesignOriginal NameShipyard Hull #GTDWTDeliveryIMOLater NamesFate[2]
279C7-S-95aMaine36615,00014,50027 April 19767390105Tyson Lykes, Cape InscriptionRRF at Long Beach, CA 2019
280C7-S-95aArizona36715,00014,5008 June 19767390117Lipscomb Lykes, USNS Jupiter, Cape IntrepidRRF at Tacoma, WA 2019
281C7-S-95aNevada36815,00014,50030 Nov 19767390129Charles Lykes, Cape IsabelRRF at Long Beach, CA 2019
295C7-S-95aIllinois36915,00014,5003 June 19777390131USNS Mercury, Cape IslandRRF at Tacoma, WA 2019

Waterman Line C7-S-133a Series

Three C7 ships in the RO/RO configuration, designated as MARAD design C7-S-1331a, were built for the Waterman Line. The John B. Waterman and Thomas Heyward were completed by Sun Shipbuilding. The Charles Carroll was subcontracted to the General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division.[19] These would be the last ships constructed by the respective shipyards before their closure.[20][21] In 1984-1985 all three were converted to pre-positioning supply ships for the US Navy Military Sealift Command (MSC) by the National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, San Diego, CA.[22] The ships gained 157 feet amidships, a helicopter landing platform, and cranes to enable them to unload their own cargo. They retained their steam boilers but were retrofitted with two GE turbines. As of October 2019 all three were in the inventory of the MSC.[3]

MA Hull #MA DesignOriginal NameShipyard Hull #GT[as built]DWTDeliveryIMOLater NamesFate
346C7-S-1331aJohn B. Waterman67918,50023,50023 March 19837802706USNS SGT Matej Kocak (T-AK 3005)Active 2019
347C7-S-1331aThomas Heyward68018,50023,50011 February 19837823463USNS PFC Eugene A. Obregon (T-AK 3006)Active 2019
511C7-S-1331aCharles Carroll8618,50023,50018 April 19837912123USNS MAJ Stephen W. Pless (T-AK 3007)Active 2019

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Navy.

References
  1. "Ships Built to MARAD Designs". US-Built Merchant Ships by Type. Tim Colton, ShipbuildingHistory.com. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  2. "Monthly report as of February 28, 2019" (PDF). NATIONAL DEFENSE RESERVE FLEET INVENTORY. US Dept. of Transportation Maritime Administration. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  3. "US Navy Military Sealift Command - Inventory". MSC Ship Inventory - Containers and RO/RO. US Department of Defense. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  4. "Maritime Prepositioning Ships - T-AK, T-AKR and T-AOT". US Department of Defense. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  5. "End of an Era: Last of the "Lancers" is "Finished with Engines". Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2019.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  6. "HUMACAO IMO No: 6708379 CONTAINER 1968 / 19046 GT" (PDF). Steffen Wiedner. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  7. "ABS Class Suspensions, Withdrawals, & Reinstatements - 4 Mar 2014". American Bureau of Shipping. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  8. Piché, Marc. "AMERICAN LYNX - IMO 6828624". shipspotting.com. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
  9. Des Bois, Robin. "ShipBreaking.com #21" (PDF). www.robIndiasbois.org. Association de Protection de l’Homme and de l’Environnement. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  10. Smith, Robert J. "AMERICAN ASTRONAUT - IMO 6916861". Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  11. "Pacific Far East Line". House Flags of US Shipping Companies. Flags Of The World. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  12. Cudahay 206 pp. 133-134, 266-267
  13. "How We Ship - Vessels". Horizon Lines. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2019.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  14. "United States Flag Privately Owned Merchant Fleet - Summaryary of Changes" (PDF). Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  15. "Weekly Vessel Scrapping Report: 2019 Week 35". Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  16. Toppan, Andrew. "Bath Iron Works Production Record". Retrieved 21 Dec 2014.
  17. "Bath Iron Launches Fourth Ro/Ro Ship For States Steamship". Shipyard Directory. Maritime Activity Reports, Inc. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  18. "States Steamship Co". House Flags of US Shipping Companies. Flags of the World. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  19. Colton, Tim. "Ro-Ro Ships Built in U.S. Shipyards". Shipbuilding History. ShipbuildingHistory.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  20. Colton, Tim. "Sun Shipbuilding, Chester PA". Shipbuilding History - Large Shipyards, Inactive. ShipbuildingHistory.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  21. Colton, Tim. "Bethlehem Steel Company, Quincy MA". Shipbuilding History - Large Shipyards, Inactive. ShipbuildingHistory.com. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  22. Colton, Tim. "NASSCO, San Diego CA". Shipbuilding History - Large Shipyards, Active. ShipbuildingHistory.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  • Cudahay, Brian J. (2006). Box Boats: How Container Ships Changed the World. Fordham University Press. ISBN 9780823225699.
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