Two hundred fifty-sixth note

In music, a two hundred fifty-sixth note (or occasionally demisemihemidemisemiquaver)[1] is a note played for ​1⁄256 of the duration of a whole note. It lasts half as long as a hundred twenty-eighth note and takes up one quarter of the length of a sixty-fourth note. In musical notation it has a total of six flags or beams. Since human pitch perception begins at 20 Hz (1200/minute), then a 256th-note tremolo becomes a single pitch in perception at quarter note ≈ 18.75 bpm.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart used 128th and 256th notes in his Variations on "Je suis Lindor", K. 354. Play  at =40 (=20)

A single 256th note is always stemmed with flags, while two or more are usually beamed in groups.[2] Notes this short are very rare in printed music but not unknown. One reason that notes with many beams are rare is that, for instance, a thirty-second note at =50 lasts the same amount of time as a sixteenth note at =100; every note in a piece may be notated as twice as long but last the same amount of time if the tempo is also doubled. They are principally used for brief, rapid sections in slow movements. For example, they occur in some editions of the second movement (Largo) of Beethoven's Third Piano Concerto (Op. 37) (1800), to notate rapid scales.[3] Another example is in Mozart's Variations on "Je suis Lindor" (1778), where four of them are used in the slow (molto adagio) twelfth variation.[4][5] A further example occurs (Grave.Adagio non troppo) in Jan Ladislav Dussek's (1760–1812) Fifth Piano Sonata, Op. 10 No. 2.[6] They also occur (Largo) in Vivaldi's (1678–1741) Concerto, RV 444,[3][7] and in bar 15 of François Couperin's Second Prelude from L'art de toucher le clavecin (1716).[8]

  • 256th note
  • 256th rest

Even shorter notes
Some 128th notes with 5 beams are shown in this passage from Heinrich's Toccata Grande Cromatica. The pair of 2048th notes with 9 beams that appear at the end of this passage were notation errors; they should have been 1024th notes. Likewise, the seven 1024th notes (8 beams) that precede it should have been 512th notes.[3]

The next note value shorter than the two hundred fifty-sixth note is the five hundred twelfth note with seven flags or beams; it is half as long as the two hundred fifty-sixth note. After this would come the one thousand twenty-fourth note (eight flags or beams), the two thousand forty-eighth note (nine flags or beams), the four thousand ninety-sixth note (ten flags or beams), and so on indefinitely, with each note half the length of its predecessor. The shortest note value to have ever been used in a published work is the 1024th note (notated incorrectly as a 2048th) in Anthony Philip Heinrich's Toccata Grande Cromatica from The Sylviad, Set 2, written around 1825; 256th notes occur frequently in this piece, and some 512th notes also appear; the passage is marked grave but the composer also intended a huge ritardando.[3]

Brian Ferneyhough uses many note and rest values well smaller than a 256th note and rest in his 2014 work Inconjunctions. In addition to occasional 512th and 1024th rests, there are multiple examples of 4096th notes. Many of these are also contained within tuplets, making their ratio to the whole note even smaller.[9]

Software

Some software also supports extremely short notes. 256th notes are easily accessible in Sibelius as of version 5, but some software supports even shorter notes. The shortest notated duration supported by Finale is a 4096th note,[10] while LilyPond can write notes as short as a 1073741824th (2−30) note with up to 27 beams.[11]

See also

References
  1. Assoja, Kartik; Ernala, Sindhu; Buitelaar, Paul (16–17 October 2014). "UNLP at the C@merata Task: Question Answering on Musical Scores ACM" (PDF). University of Essex. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  2. Gerou, Tom (1996). Essential Dictionary of Music Notation, p.211. Alfred. ISBN 0-88284-730-9
  3. "Extremes of Conventional Music Notation". homes.sice.indiana.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  4. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. Zwölf Variationen in Es über die Romanze "Je suis Lindor"', K.354. p. 46, fifth system, first bar. Neue Mozart-Ausgabe. (imslp.org)
  5. Thomas Bushnell BSG (8 November 2007). "Re: GPD: official shortest note in lilypond". mail-archive.com.
  6. Piano Sonata No.5, Op.10 No.2 (Dussek, Jan Ladislav): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP). Score of Dussek's Piano Sonata, Op. 10 No. 2 at IMSLP; the 256th notes appear on p.14 (p.3 of the pdf)
  7. Recorder Concerto in C major, RV 444 (Vivaldi, Antonio): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
  8. Couperin, François; Halford, Margery (2005-05-03). L'Art de toucher le Clavecin: Intermediate to Early Advanced Piano Collection. Alfred Music. ISBN 978-1-4574-4214-8.
  9. "Ferneyhough - Inconjunctions Full Score EP72630". Issuu. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  10. "Secondary Beam Break Selection". finalemusic.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
  11. Albrecht, Simon. "Minimum possible duration". lists.gnu.org. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
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