Two Bombs, One Satellite
Two Bombs, One Satellite (Chinese: 两弹一星; pinyin: Liǎngdàn Yīxīng) was an early nuclear and space project of the People's Republic of China. Two Bombs refers to the atomic bomb (and later the hydrogen bomb) and the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), while One Satellite refers to the artificial satellite. China tested its first atomic bomb and first hydrogen bomb in 1964 and 1967 respectively, and successfully launched its first satellite (Dong Fang Hong I) in 1970.[1][2] 23 scientists involved in the project were awarded the Two Bombs and One Satellite Merit Award (Chinese: 两弹一星功勋奖章) in 1999.[3][4] In 2015, the Two Bombs, One Satellite Memorial Museum was opened on the Huairou campus of the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.[5]
List of Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal recipients
Awardee | Field | Contribution | Alma mater |
---|---|---|---|
Chen Fangyun (1916–2000) | Radio electronics | Satellite | National Southwestern Associated University |
Chen Nengkuan (1923–2016) | Metal physics Detonation physics |
Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb | National Tangshan Engineering College Yale University |
Cheng Kaijia (1918–2018) | Nuclear physics | Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb | Zhejiang University University of Edinburgh |
Deng Jiaxian (1924–1986) | Nuclear physics | Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb | National Southwestern Associated University Purdue University |
Guo Yonghuai (1909–1968) | Aerodynamics | Atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and missile | Peking University University of Toronto California Institute of Technology |
Huang Weilu (1916–2011) | Engineering cybernetics | Missile | National Central University Imperial College London |
Peng Huanwu (1915–2007) | Theoretical physics | Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb | Tsinghua University University of Edinburgh |
Qian Ji (1917–1983) | Space physics | Satellite | National Central University |
Qian Sanqiang (1913–1992) | Nuclear physics | Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb | Tsinghua University University of Paris Collège de France |
Qian Xuesen (1911–2009) | Aeronautics Engineering cybernetics |
Rocket, missile and satellite | National Chiao Tung University Massachusetts Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology |
Ren Xinmin (1915–2017) | Aeronautics | Rocket, missile and satellite | National Central University Chongqing Ordnance School affiliated to Military Ministry University of Michigan |
Sun Jiadong (1929–) | Aeronautics | Missile and satellite | Harbin Institute of Technology Zhukovsky Air Force Academy |
Tu Shou'e (1917–2012) | Aeronautics | Missile and rocket | National Southwestern Associated University Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Wang Daheng (1915–2011) | Optics | Atomic bomb and satellite | Tsinghua University Imperial College London |
Wang Ganchang (1907–1998) | Nuclear physics | Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb | Tsinghua University University of Berlin |
Wang Xiji (1921–) | Space technology | Rocket and satellite | National Southwestern Associated University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |
Wu Ziliang (1917–2008) | Chemical metallurgy | Atomic bomb | National Northwestern Engineering Institute Carnegie Institute of Technology |
Yang Jiachi (1919–2006) | Automation | Satellite | National Chiao Tung University Harvard University |
Yao Tongbin (1922–1968) | Aerospace materials and technology | Missile and rocket | National Tangshan Engineering College University of Birmingham |
Yu Min (1926–2019) | Nuclear physics | Hydrogen bomb | Peking University |
Zhao Jiuzhang (1907–1968) | Meteorology Geophysics |
Satellite | Tsinghua University University of Berlin |
Zhou Guangzhao (1929–) | Theoretical physics | Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb | Tsinghua University Peking University |
Zhu Guangya (1924–2011) | Nuclear physics | Atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb | National Southwestern Associated University University of Michigan |
References
- "China in Space: Carrying Forward the Spirit of Two Bombs and One Satellite". Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- "China builds "two bombs, one satellite" memorial museum". Archived from the original on 14 October 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- "1964: "Two bombs and one satellite" launch successfully". Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- "两弹一星". Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- "China builds "two bombs, one satellite" memorial museum". China Military Online. 2015-09-03. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Retrieved 2019-02-06.