Tsushima Shrine

Tsushima Shrine (津島神社, Tsushima Jinja) is a Shinto shrine in Tsushima, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is the head shrine of a nation-wide shrine network of shrines dedicated to the Tsushima Cult (津島信仰, Tsushima Shinkō), Centered primarily in the Tōkai region, this network has approximately 3,000 shrines, and is the tenth-largest network in the country. The main kami of this faith are Gozutennō (牛頭天王, lit. ox-headed heaven king), the god of pestilences, and Susanoo, two deities which have been conflated together.[1] For this reason, like other shrines of the network it is also called Tsushima Gozutennō-sha (津島牛頭天王社, lit. Tsushima Gozutennō Shrine).[2]

Tsushima Shrine
津島神社
The haiden of Tsushima Shrine
Religion
AffiliationShinto
DeitySusanoo/Gozutennō
TypeTsushima Shrine
Location
LocationTsushima, Aichi
Shown within Aichi Prefecture
Tsushima Shrine (Japan)
Geographic coordinates35°10′42″N 136°43′07″E
Architecture
Styleowari-zukuri
Date established540 AD
Website
tsushimajinja.or.jp
Glossary of Shinto
Rōmon
Owari Tsushima Tennōsai(eve)

History

Shrine legend, unsupported by any historical documentation, claims that the shrine was founded in Tsushima by the semi-legendary Emperor Kōrei (343-215 BC) to worship Gozutennō's aramitama (its violent side), which remained at Izumo-taisha, and its nigemitama (calm aspect) which came to Japan from the Korean peninsula after stopping in Tsushima Island, between Korea and Japan. The shrine relocated to its current location in Owari Province in 540 AD. This may explain the relationship between the two Tsushimas suggested by the common name.[2] The shrine appears in historical records from the time of Emperor Saga (786-846 AD), during whose rank it was awarded the status of First Court Rank, indicating that it was of considerable importance and antiquity by that time. It was awarded the title of Tennō-sha by Emperor Ichijō (980-1011 AD); however, for unknown reasons it is not mentioned at all in the Engishiki records completed in 927 AD, nor in the official records of the province. In the Sengoku period, the Oda clan built Shobata Castle in the vicinity of the shrine, and the family crest of the Oda clan is the same emblem as that used by the Tsushima Shrine, indicating a close connection. The shrine was subsequently repaired by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and it received official status and patronage by the Owari Tokugawa clan of Owari Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate in the Edo period.

With the establishment of State Shinto in the Meiji period, Tsushima Shine was initially ranked as a prefectural shrine in Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines, and its status was increased to that of a Kokuhei Shōsha (国幣小社), or National Shrine, 3rd rank, in 1926.

In 1920, the Honden of the shrine, which was built in 1605 under the patronage of Matsudaira Tadayoshi was designated an Important Cultural Property. The building is built in the owari-zukuri style, of which few extant examples remain.[3] The Rōmon gate, built in 1591, was also designated an Important Cultural Property in 1954.[4]

The shrine holds a festival called Tsushima Matsuri (津島祭り) in the sixth month of the lunar calendar (July in the gregorian calendar) during which boats called danjiri (車楽) are floated on the Tennō River, and reeds are released into the water.[2]

References
  1. Yonei, Teruyoshi: "Gozu Tennō". Encyclopedia of Shinto, Kokugakuin University, retrieved on 2-5-2011
  2. Yonei, Teruyoshi: "Gion/Tsushima Shinkō". Encyclopedia of Shinto, Kokugakuin University, retrieved on 2-5-2011
  3. "津島神社本殿" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
  4. "津島神社楼門" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
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