Tropical Airways Flight 1301

The flight was a daily domestic flight operated by Tropical Airways, the national airline of Haiti at the time. The airline was authorized to operate by the Ministry of Commerce of the Republic of Haiti on 1 June 1998. The National Civil Aviation Office issued the license of operation on 12 February 1999 The flight was operated by a Let L-410UVP-E3 registered as HH-PRV and was carrying 19 passengers and 2 crews. All except the crew were Haitians; the Captain was an American and the co-pilot was Spanish. It was flying from Cap-Haïtien, the capital of the Department of Nord on the north coast of Haiti to Port-de-Paix, the capital of the Nord-Ouest department.[1]

Flight 1301 took off from Runway 05 of Hugo Chávez International Airport at around 04:50 p.m local time. During take off, ATC workers at the control tower spotted that the cargo door opened. While the controller was preparing to tell Flight 1301 about the problem, the crew asked permission to return to the airport to land. Permission was granted and the flight was asked to make a right rear wind landing. The aircraft turned to the left, crashed, skidded and exploded, followed by a rising thick black smoke. Local residents and rescuers rushed to the scene and find the charred and scattered wreckage on a sugarcane field about 2 km from the airport.[2] All 21 people on board were killed. Most of them were charred beyond recognition.[3]

The flight was neither equipped with a CVR nor a FDR and therefore the investigation relied on the wreckage of the aircraft and the air traffic controller recording. A number of components were extracted from the wreckage for analysis. The propellers were examined by a delegation sent by the manufacturer Avia Hamilton and the Czech Civil Aviation. Investigators revealed that these propellers were still rotating with a high number of turns at impact and none of them were in the flag position after impact. The position of the flaps (tlaps) was also analyzed. Investigative commission stated that the flaps were in "Full down" 42 ° position.[3]

The controller stated that after the crew reported the problem on the cargo door and conducted a turn to the airport, the pilot seems to have the aircraft under control. The controller stated that the plane could have made it to the airport. However, the altitude of the aircraft was much lower than a normal approach altitude.[3]

The Let L-410 manufacturer's test pilot's report mentions the following: "In a flight configuration (right turn at low altitude) where the Weight was either excessive or at the maximum limit, the flaps were extended to maximum (42° full down); This situation could significantly reduce the speed of the aircraft. During the turn, the rudder could be in an uncoordinated position and engines generate an asymmetric thrust. " The combination of these factors could critically increase the drag caused the plane to enter a stall condition. In the examination of the carcass of the engines, there is no evidence that a fire broke out before impact.[3]

Investigative team could not determine the total weight of Flight 1301 since there was no documents about the weight of the aircraft and the cargo.[3]

The Captain's record indicated that he was qualified and had passed the flight proficiency test in accordance with the applicable rules. It indicated that during the three months prior to the accident, he worked normally according to a 7/7 schedule, that is to say 7 days of work followed by 7 days of rest. However, the Committee noted that during the month of August, the month in which the accident occurred, that schedule had been interrupted. From August 9 to 24, the Captain was overworked and was possibly sleep deprived due to this. Haitian investigators then stated that the Captain could have been fatigued during the crash.[3]

• Turkish Airlines Flight 981 - cargo door blew up in mid-flight

• Accident description, Aviation Safety Network