Trachurus

Jack mackerels or saurels[2] are marine fish in the genus Trachurus of the family Carangidae. The name of the genus derives from the Greek words trachys ("rough") and oura ("tail"). Some species, such as T. murphyi, are harvested in purse seine nets, and overfishing (harvesting beyond sustainable levels) has sometimes occurred.[5]

Jack mackerels
Temporal range: Eocene to Present[1]
Japanese horse mackerel, Trachurus japonicus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Carangiformes
Family: Carangidae
Subfamily: Caranginae
Genus: Trachurus
Rafinesque, 1810[2]
Type species
Trachurus saurus
Synonyms[4]
  • Branchialepes Fowler, 1938
  • Suareus Dardignac & Vincent, 1958

It is often used in Japanese cuisine, where it is called aji, in Turkish cuisine, where it is called istavrit, and in Portuguese Cuisine, where it is called carapau.

Species
Japanese breakfast with grilled horse mackerel

The genus Trachurus was defined in 1810 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, who called the type species Trachurus saurus. Taxonomists later determined that T. saurus was in fact the same species as one described earlier as Scomber trachurus, defined in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus. Under the rules of binomial nomenclature, that species is now known as Trachurus trachurus, commonly known as the Atlantic horse mackerel.

The currently recognized species in this genus are:[6]

  • Trachurus capensis Castelnau, 1861 (Cape horse mackerel)
  • Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841) (greenback horse mackerel)
  • Trachurus delagoa Nekrasov, 1970 (African scad)
  • Trachurus indicus Nekrasov, 1966 (Arabian scad)
  • Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) (Japanese jack mackerel)
  • Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920 (rough scad)
  • Trachurus longimanus (Norman, 1935) (Crozet scad)
  • Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel)
  • Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920 (Chilean jack mackerel)
  • Trachurus novaezelandiae J. Richardson, 1843 (yellowtail horse mackerel)
  • Trachurus picturatus (S. Bowdich, 1825) (blue jack mackerel)
  • Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855) (Pacific jack mackerel)
  • Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel)
  • Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950 (Cunene horse mackerel)

References
  1. Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
  2. "Trachurus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
  3. "Trachurus saurus Rafinesque 1810". Universal FishWise Catalog. fishwise.co.za. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  4. Eschmeyer, W. N.; R. Fricke & R. van der Laan (eds.). "Carangidae genera". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  5. C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Overfishing. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. eds. Sidney Draggan and C.Cleveland. Washington DC.
  6. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). Species of Trachurus in FishBase. February 2013 version.
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