Toyota G engine
The Toyota Motor Corporation G-family engine is a family of straight-6 piston engines produced from 1979 to 2006. It is notable in that only a single displacement, 2.0 L (1,988 cc), was produced in this series. All were belt-driven OHC non-interference engines (except the VVT-i version in the Lexus IS200 which is an interference engine), with multivalve DOHC (except the 1G-EU SOHC 12 valve engine) and even variable valve timing added later. The 1G-GEU was Toyota's first four-valve twincam engine.[1] A prototype version of the 1G-GEU called the LASREα–X, featuring twin-turbos, variable valve timing and intake as well as variable displacement, was fitted to the Toyota FX-1 show car at the 1983 Tokyo Motor Show. It showcased a number of technologies which were later to become commonplace.[2]
| Toyota G engine | |
|---|---|
 1G-GEU engine in a Toyota Supra GA61 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Toyota Motor Corporation |
| Production | 1979–2005 |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | Straight-6 |
| Displacement | 2.0 L; 121.3 cu in (1,988 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 75 mm (2.95 in) |
| Piston stroke | 75 mm (2.95 in) |
| Valvetrain | SOHC 2 valves x cyl. DOHC 4 valves x cyl. with VVT-i (since 1998) |
| Combustion | |
| Supercharger | In 1G-GZE |
| Turbocharger | CT-12 (in 1G-GTE) |
| Fuel system | Fuel injection |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 100–210 PS (74–154 kW; 99–207 hp) |
| Torque output | 152–275 N⋅m (112–203 lb⋅ft; 15–28 kg⋅m) |
These engines were used as a lower-displacement alternative to the more upmarket M family and JZ family straight-sixes.
1G
Since just one displacement was offered, all G-family engines are marked 1G and share the same "square" 75 mm (2.95 in) bore and stroke.
Applications:
- Toyota Soarer
- Toyota Celica Supra
- Toyota Crown
- Toyota Cressida/Mark II/Cresta/Chaser
- Toyota Altezza
- Lexus IS200
1G-E
The export-spec two-valve 1G-E had no emissions controls and were used in commercial vehicles and for a few export markets, mostly southeast Asia. Typical specifications:
- 80 kW (109 PS; 107 hp) at 5000 rpm, 162 N⋅m (119 lb⋅ft) torque at 4000 rpm (Mark II, 1986, Indonesia)
- 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp) at 5200 rpm, JDM Crown GS130/131/136V/130G
1G-EU
The Japan-spec 1G-EU was produced from 1979 through 1988. This and the 1G-E are the only two-valve SOHC members of the family. Output was 105–125 hp (78–93 kW; 106–127 PS) at 5400 rpm and 157–172 N⋅m (116–127 lb⋅ft) at 4400 rpm.
1G-FE
The DOHC 1G-FE uses a narrow valve angle and other fuel economy optimizations. It was introduced in 1988. Output was 135 hp (101 kW; 137 PS) at 5,600 rpm and 176 N⋅m (130 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm. In 1998 VVT-i was added, which bumped output to 160 hp (119 kW; 162 PS) at 6,200 rpm and 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm for the Altezza/IS 200. With the end of the first generation Lexus IS this engine ceased production in 2005.
Applications:
1G-GEU
The 24-valve DOHC 1G-GEU was intended for high performance and featured a pent-roof combustion chamber.[3] Introduced in August 1982 and produced through 1986, mostly for the Japanese market, output was 140–160 hp (104–119 kW; 142–162 PS) at 6,200 rpm and 162–181 N⋅m (119–133 lb⋅ft) at 5,600 rpm. This was Toyota's first multi-valve twincam engine to make it to the market, and won the "JSME Medal for New Technology" (Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers) in 1982. To minimize the downsides of a multi-valve setup, the 1G-GEU was also equipped with T-VIS (Toyota Variable Induction System), increasing low to mid-engine speed torque. Like all following twin cam Toyotas, it used a timing belt rather than chain, for less noise and lower maintenance requirements. In August 1983, the fuel injection system was changed to EFI-D, which measures the pressure in the intake manifold to determine the proper air-fuel mixture.[1][4]
Applications:
- Aug 1981–1985 Celica XX GA61
- Aug 1982–? Toyota Chaser/Mark II/Cresta
- Aug 1983–? Toyota Crown
- Feb 1983–? Toyota Soarer
1G-GE
The 1G-GE replaced the 1G-GEU in 1988. It was detuned from 160 hp (119 kW; 162 PS) down to 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS) and served the same cars as 1G-GEU did. It was produced for the Supra GA70 until 1993.
1G-GTE
The 24-valve DOHC 1G-GTE added two CT-12 turbochargers to the versatile motor. There were 3 generations of this engine both air-to-air and air-to-water intercoolers were used, pushing output from 185 to 210 hp (138 to 157 kW; 188 to 213 PS) at 6200 rpm and 234 to 275 N⋅m (173 to 203 lb⋅ft) at 3800 rpm using the air-to-air over the air-to-water. This was the most powerful engine of the whole G family. In May 1991 it was replaced with >280 hp 1JZ-GTE on most Toyota cars.
Applications:
1G-GP/GPE
The 1G-GP and 1G-GPE was an LPG version of the 1G-GE engine. Output is 81 kW; 108 hp (110 PS) at 5600 rpm and torque is 152 N⋅m; 112 lbf⋅ft (15.5 kg⋅m) at 2400 rpm.[5]
Applications:
- Toyota Crown sedan (GS130)
- Toyota Crown Comfort[5]
1G-GZE
The 1G-GZE was a supercharged version produced from 1986 till 1992. Output is 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) at 6000 rpm and 226 N⋅m (167 lb⋅ft) at 3600 rpm. Like the turbo, it was a 24-valve DOHC engine but featured a distributorless ignition system (DIS). The 1G-GZE was mated only with automatic gearboxes. In August 1991 it was replaced with the 1JZ-GE on the Mark II/Chaser/Cresta, while serving on the Crown until 1992.
Applications:
- Toyota Crown GS120, GS121, GS131, GS130G (Station Wagon)
- 1988–1990 Toyota Mark II/Chaser/Cresta GX81
References
- All About the Toyota Twin Cam, 2nd ed., Tokyo, Japan: Toyota Motor Company, 1984, p. 9
- All About the Toyota Twin Cam, p. 18
- All About the Toyota Twin Cam, p. 21
- All About the Toyota Twin Cam, p. 20
- "Crown Comfort" (brochure). Dec 1995. p. 17. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
