Timeline of the Central African Republic Civil War

The following is a timeline of major events during the Central African Republic Civil War.

2012
Séléka advances in C.A.R. (December 2012–March 2013)

December
  • 10 December: Rebels took control of cities of N'Délé, Sam Ouandja and Ouadda
  • 15 December: Rebels took control of Bamingui
  • 18 December: Rebels took control of Bria[1]
  • 19 December: Rebels took control of Kabo
  • 22 December: Rebels took control of Ippy and Ndassima[2]
  • 24 December: Rebels took control of Bambari
  • 25 December: Rebels took control of Kaga-Bandoro
  • 28 December: Government counteroffensive on Bambari was repelled
  • 29 December: Rebels took control of Sibut

2013

January
  • 5 January: Rebels took control of Alindao[3]
  • 11 January: Peace agreement was signed
  • 30 January: Rebels took control of Kouango

March
  • 1 March: Rebels took control of Moyenne-Sido[4]
  • 12 March: Rebels took control of Rafai[5]
  • 18 March: Rebels took control of Gambo and Bangassou[6]
  • 21 March: Rebels took control of Damara, Bouca and Bossangoa[7]
  • 23 March:
    • Rebels took control of power plant in Boali and shut off power to the city.[8]
    • Rebels entered Bangui[9]
    • Rebels took control of Bossembélé[10]
  • 24 March: Rebels reached the presidential palace in the centre of the capital.[11]
  • 25 March: Séléka leader Michel Djotodia, who served after the January agreement as First Deputy Prime Minister for National Defense, declared himself President, becoming the first Muslim to ever hold the office.[12] Djotodia said that there would be a three-year transitional period and that Nicolas Tiangaye would continue to serve as Prime Minister.[13]
  • 28 March: Séléka forces moved to western part of CAR, capturing Paoua, Bouar and Nola[14]

September
  • 1 September: anti-Balaka was formed in Bossangoa[15]
  • 9 September: anti-Balaka attacked Seleka in Bouca
  • 13 September: Djotodia formally disbanded Seleka.
  • Revolution and Justice (RJ) was formed in Ouham-Pendé prefecture

October
  • 26 October: anti-Balaka attacked Séléka in Bouar (fr)

December
  • 5 December:
    • French forces started operation Sangaris
    • Anti-balaka attacked Bangui. Fleeing residents create IDP camp at M'Poko airport.
  • 12 December: anti-Balaka killed 27 civilians in Bohong (fr)

2014

January
  • 8 January: Séléka withdrew from Boyali. Same day anti-Balaka attack killed local muslims leading to return of Séléka forces which committed another massacre[16]
  • 10 January: Michel Djotodia resigned. Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet became transitional president.
  • 13 January: Séléka withdrew from Bozoum[17]
  • 16 January: Anti-balaka entered Bossembélé killing 43 people[18]
  • 17 January:
    • Séléka withdrew from Bossemptélé
    • Séléka withdrew from Boali. 300 anti-Balaka fighters entered town killing four civilians[19]
  • 18 January: anti-Balaka attacked Bossemptélé killing 100 people (fr)
  • 20 January: Séléka withdrew from Baoro. Two days later clashes erupted between anti-Balaka and local Muslim population resulting in 100 deaths (fr)
  • 24 January: Joseph Kalite, former minister, was murdered by Anti-balaka outside Bangui
  • 27 January: Séléka leaders left Bangui under the escort of Chadian peacekeepers.[20]
  • 28 January: Séléka withdrew from Kasai military camp in Bangui.[21] Remaining fighters were surrounded in Beal, RDOT and BSS camps in First District.
  • 29 January: Séléka withdrew from Boda leaving town largely under Anti-Balaka control[22]
  • 30 January: Séléka withdrew from Berberati[23]
  • FPR took control of Bang, town on border with Chad and Cameroon[24]
  • Anti-Balaka took control of Beloko border crossing with Cameroon

February
Map of situation in C.A.R. in 2014
  • 1 February: Séléka withdrew from Carnot leaving city under anti-Balaka control[25]
  • 2 February: Séléka withdrew from Sibut[26]
  • 12 February: Anti-balaka captured Nola[27]
  • 26 February: French forces arrived in Beloko border crossing forcing anti-Balaka to move to illegal crossing south of town[24][28]
  • RJ took control of Bang after clashes with FPR[24]
  • Central African Republic was de facto divided with Séléka controlling northern parts of country and Anti-balaka controlling southern and western parts. Government control was limited to capital city, Bangui.

March
  • 10 March: Anti-balaka captured Bayanga sub-prefecture[29]
  • 18 March: MISCA dismantled Anti-balaka checkpoints between Nola and Berbérati recovering six shotguns[30]
  • 29 March: RJ captured Bedaka north of Paoua after clashes with Séléka forces[31]

April
  • 10 April: United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) was formed
  • 13 April:
    • Heavy clashes between anti-Balaka and Séléka erupted in Grimari (fr)
    • Last Chad forces left Central African Republic after accusations of supporting Séléka[32]
  • 22 April: ex-Séléka captured Bouca[33]
  • 30 April: European Union Military Operation in the Central African Republic took control of Bangui M'Poko International Airport

May
  • 5 May: French forces repel Seleka attack on Boguila (fr)
  • 28 May: ex-Séléka fighters threw grenades and discharged firearms at Church of Fatima in Bangui killing at least 11 people
  • Late May: FACA recaptured Bayanga subprefecture from Anti-balaka[34]
  • IDP camp at Bangui airport houses 60,000 people[35]

June
  • 10 June: Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC) was formed in Birao
  • 23 June: Rebels captured Birao Airport[36]
  • 26 June: FACA and international forces left Birao after FPRC ultimatum[37]

July
  • 1 July: RJ left Bang after MISCA ultimatum[24]
  • 23 July: Ceasefire between Anti-balaka and ex-Seleka is signed in Brazzaville

August
  • 4 August: Heavy clashes erupted in Batangafo between Seleka and French convoy (fr)
  • 9 August: French forces withdrew from Batangafo leaving city to Seleka fighters

September
  • 17 September: Ali Darassa formed Union for Peace in the Central African Republic (UPC)

December

2015

May

July

September
  • 28 September: Anti-balakas stormed Ngaragba jail in Bangui freeing 100s of inmates[39]

December

2016

February
  • 14 February: Second round of presidential elections was held

March

June
  • 8 June: Four rebel groups, including FPRC, UPC, MPC and anti-Balaka signed peace agreement in Mbres[41]

October
  • 30 October: France ended operation Sangaris

November
  • 30 November: FPRC captured Bakala after battle with UPC[42]

December
  • Return, Reclamation, Rehabilitation (3R) militia was formed in Koui
  • 11 December: UPC recaptured Bakala after battle with FPRC[42]

2017

January
  • 11 January: FPRC again captured Bakala[42]

March

April
  • 19 April: Uganda announced that it would begin withdrawing forces from the Central African Republic where it has been trying to hunt down Joseph Kony in the country for 9 years.[44]

May
  • 2 May: 3R seized control of Niem in Koui sub-prefecture
  • 9 May: UPC repelled Anti-Balaka attack on Alindao[45]
  • 13 May: Anti-Balaka forces attacked Bangassou killing more than 30 people and displacing thousands
  • 14 May: 3R withdraws from Niem[46]
  • 15 May: MINUSCA retook most of Bangassou freeing hostages[47]

June
  • 6 June: FPRC attacked anti-Balaka positions in Nzao. 18 civilians were killed[46]
  • 28 June: Ugandan forces withdrew from Zemio. Armed Muslims entered town killing at least 28 civilians[48]

September
  • 18 September: FACA was deployed in Anti-balaka-held Bouar[49]

2018

January
  • 12 January: MINUSCA launched operation Mbaranga securing Paoua city and forcing armed groups to move 50 km from city[50]
  • 20 January: Heavy clashes broke out between RJ and MNLC north of Paoua forcing 60,000 people to seek refugee in city[51]

March
  • 3 March: UPC captured Rafai subprefecture
  • 6 March: Anti-balaka recaptured Rafai[52]

May
  • 25 May: Following operation Mbaranga FACA began deployment in Paoua, Sibut and Bangassou areas, previously outside government control[53]
  • MNLC merged with MPC

August
  • 17 August: FACA took control of Dekoa[54]
  • 28 August: Four main rebel groups, including anti-Balaka, FPRC, UPC and MPC signed peace agreement in Khartoum (fr)

October
  • 31 October: Heavy clashes broke out between anti-Balaka and ex-Séléka fighters in Batangafo resulting in at least 15 deaths[55]

December
  • 31 December: FPRC and UPC rebels took control of Bakouma

2019

January
  • 7 January: FACA took control of Bocaranga from 3R forces without a fight[56]
  • 10 January: UPC launched heavy attack on MINUSCA forces in Bambari
  • 12-3 January: Portuguese paratroopers raided UPC base in Bokolobo, seizing number of weapons and destroying some checkpoints[57]
  • 17 January:
    • UPC attack on Bambari was repelled
    • FACA with support of MINUSCA regained control of Bakouma[58]
  • 29 January: 18 people were killed and 23 wounded when UPC fighters opened fire during funeral ceremony in Ippy[59]

February
  • 6 February: Fourteen armed groups signed Khartoum Agreement
  • 25 February: Firmin Ngrébada was appointed as a prime minister as a result of peace agreement

April
  • 15 April: Ali Darassa, UPC leader, returned to Bambari following peace agreement[60]

May
  • 13-19 May: 3R captured areas in northwest part of Ouham-Pendé Prefecture on border with Cameroon[61]
  • 21 May: 3R fighters killed 46 civilians in Ouham-Pendé prefecture[62]

September
  • 2 September: MLCJ took control of Birao[63]
  • 27 September: Three people were killed when combat helicopter used by MINUSCA forces crashed in Bouar[64]

October

November
  • 19 November: FACA took control of Camp Beal in Bangui killing 10 ex-Seleka fighters[66]

December

2020

January
  • 10 January: Former president Djotodia returned to country after six years[67]

February
  • 1 February: Central African military forces (FACA) were deployed in UPC-held Alindao[68]
  • 5 February: UPC allegedly withdrew from Bambouti[63]
  • 17 February: FPRC attack on MINUSCA forces in Birao is repelled, leading to 12 FPRC forces being killed. [69]

March
  • 4 March: Heavy clashes erupted in N'Délé between FPRC and RPRC
  • 15 March: Clashes erupted between Anti-balaka and MINUSCA in Grimari[70]

April
  • 9 April: MINUSCA forces withdrew from Beboura in Ouham Pende because crowd destroyed their base after civilian death in road accident.[71]

May
  • 1 May: 3R took control of Baboua. Despite partial disarmament group remains in control of big parts of Nana-Mambéré prefecture.[72]
  • 5 May: 3R withdrew from Baboua to their base near Beloko[73]
  • 9 May: FACA repelled UPC attack on Obo killing 11 militants[74]
  • 13 May: 3R leader, Abass Sidiki, escaped from Bouar. His fighters disarmed local gendarmerie seizing Besson and Koundé[75]
  • 18 May: FACA repelled another UPC attack on Obo[76]
  • 20 May: FACA with support of MINUSCA repelled another UPC attack on Obo killing 12 militiants[77]
  • 27 May: 3R took control of Koundjili in Ouham-Pende. Local population fled to bush.[78]

June
  • 8 June: Prefect of Nana-Grébizi prefecture fled his residence in Kaga-Bandoro after demonstrators accused him of collaborating with MPC rebels in city. They ransacked his residence.[79]
  • 9 June: 3R attacked USMS base in Wantiguira, located 8 km from Bouar with heavy weapons.[80]
  • 20 June: Anti-balaka in Bozoum held a meeting demanding resignation of Ouham-Pende prefect accusing him of collaborating with 3R rebels.[81]
  • 25 June: MPC took control of Boguila, Nana-Bakassa and Béboura following MINUSCA withdrawal[82]

References
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  2. "Centrafrique : les rebelles annoncent avoir pris deux nouvelles villes". 23 December 2012.
  3. Rebels in Central African Republic seize another town
  4. "UNHCR warns of risks to civilians in Central African Republic as refugee numbers rise". 20 March 2013.
  5. Centrafrique: des rebelles prennent la ville de Rafaï
  6. Hippolyte Marboua and Krista Larson, "Central African Republic rebels threaten new fight" Archived 17 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, 18 March 2013.
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  18. "INCIDENT SUMMARY". 16 January 2014.
  19. "Final report of the International Commission of Inquiry on the Central African Republic".
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  27. ACLEDdata
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