Timeline of portable computers

YearPriceCPU @ MHzComputer nameComment
1954Vacuum tube: Diode gates, tube amplifiers and electrical delay lines @ 1DYSEACFor the military, movable by truck.
1955 ~US$86,074 (821,000 in 2019) Custom vacuum tube CPU @ 0.01 Monrobot V For the military, movable by truck. Used for surveying and mapmaking.
1957 ~US$70,500 (641,800 in 2019) / RECOMP II Transistorized: Printed circuit cards @ ? RECOMP I CP-266 For the military, movable by two men.
1959 ~US$1,600,000 (14,000,000 in 2019) / MOBIDIC A Custom transistor CPU (inverter logic) @ 1 / MOBIDIC B MOBIDIC Truck-based for the military, five were built and deployed. Sylvania later offered a commercial version as the S 9400.

Clock speed is unknown but ADD instructions are documented as taking 16μs, i.e. ~62k ADD/s.

1960 ~US$6,900,000 (59,600,000 in 2019) (development)[1] Modular circuit boards @ 0.448 FADAC For the military, movable by two men.
1960 ~US$125,600 (1,074,600 in 2019)Standard Modular System with complementary diode-transistor logic @ 0.087IBM 1401Truck-based for military,[2][3] also touring Datamobile[4] for demos.
1960 ~US$40,500 (346,500 in 2019)[5] Plug-in circuit modules @ 2[6][7] PB 250 Portable as the control computer for commercial mobile (by van) data systems. Can operate entirely from a battery.
1961 ~US$500,000 (4,300,000 in 2019) Custom transistor CPU @ 1 BASICPAC For the military, movable by truck.
1962 ~US$40,000 (340,000 in 2019) Circuit modules (micromodular)[8] @ ? L-2010 For the military.
1967 Integrated circuit @ ? CDC 449 For the military.[9][10][11]
1975 US$8975IBM PALM processor @ 1.9IBM 5100 Portable Computer[12]64K = US$17,975.
1975 US$4000Motorola 6800 @ 1MIT Suitcase Computer4K SRAM, approx. 20 lbs. Built by David Emberson in the MIT Digital Systems Laboratory as a thesis project. Currently in the collection of Dr. Hoo-Min D. Toong.
1976 US$50,000Z80? @ 1Xerox NoteTaker
1977 US$2495Z80Versatile 2[13][14]
1978 US$10,225IBM PALM processor @ 1.9IBM 5110[15]
1979 US$3756502 @ 1, 1KRockwell AIM-6520 Character alphanumeric display.[13][16][17]
1979 US$3250Custom HP 8-bit @ 0.613Hewlett-Packard Model 85[18]
1980?PA512Made in Serbia.
1980 US$230SC43177, SC43178TRS-80 Pocket Computer[19]
1980Intel 8085 @ 2.0Portal R2E CCMCThe Portal was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of the French firm R2E Micral in 1980 at the request of the company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. It was equipped with a central 64 KB RAM, a keyboard with 58 alpha numeric keys and 11 numeric keys (separate blocks), a 32-character screen, a floppy disk: capacity = 140000 characters, of a thermal printer: speed = 28 characters / second, an asynchronous channel, a synchronous channel, a 220 V power supply. Designed for an operating temperature of 15–35 °C, it weighed 12 kg and its dimensions were 45 x 45 x 15 cm. It provided total mobility. Its operating system was PROLOGUE.
1981 US$1795Z80 @ 4.0Osborne 1
1981 US$7952x Hitachi 6301 @ 0.614Epson HX-20[20]
1981Z80 compatibleHusky (computer)[21]
19828088 @ 4.77Columbia Data Products
1982Z80A @ 4Grundy NewBrain
1982Z80 @ 2.5Kaypro
1982 US$8000[22]8086 @ ?Grid Compass 1100NASA laptop
1982Z80 @ 4.0Osborne Executive
1983x86Hyperion (computer)
1983x86Compaq Portable
1983 US$109980C85 @ 2.4TRS-80 Model 10040 x 8 LCD
1983Z80A, 8086, 128KSeequa Chameleon[13]
1983Z80A @ 3.4Sord IS-11
1983 US$1595Z80A @ 4Zorba
1984 US$42258088 @ 4.77IBM 5155[23]
1984Z80Actrix (computer)
~19848088 @ 4.77Bondwell-8
1984 US$995Z80 @ 2.45Epson PX-8 Geneva[24]
19846502 @ 1.02Commodore SX-64First portable with color display
1984x86Data General-One
1984Z80 @ 4.0Osborne Vixen
198480C88ZP-150
1984 US$595HP-71BCalculator programmable in BASIC
1984 US$2995Harris 80C86 @ 5.33HP 11080 x 16 LCD, 300 baud modem
1984 1965 GBP8086 @ 4.77Apricot PortableFirst portable computer with 25-line LCD. Included speech recognition, wireless keyboard, and optional wireless mouse.
1985 US$995Z80 @ 4Bondwell-2
1985Harris 80C86 @ 5.33HP 110 Plus80 x 25 LCD, 1200 baud modem
1985 US$1899Toshiba T1100 80C88 @ 4.77Toshiba T110080 x 25 LCD
19868088 @ 4.77IBM 5140
1986Intel 80286 @ 8Compaq Portable II
1986?LPA512
1987Z80Cambridge Z88
1988Intel 8088NEC UltraLite
198868HC000 @ 8Atari STacy
1989Intel 8088 @ 4.9152Atari Portfolio
1989US$2000Intel 80C88 @ 7Poqet PC (Classic)
19898086 @ 9.55Compaq LTE
1989Motorola 68000 @ 16Macintosh Portable
1989Motorola 68000 @ 15Outbound Laptop
1991Motorola 68000 @ 8ST BOOK[25][26]
1991NEC V20 @ 5.37HP 95LX
1991US$2300Motorola 68000 @ 16Apple PowerBook 100
1992IBM 486SLC @ 25IBM ThinkPad
1992Z80, 64KAmstrad NC100
1992 US$4950CY601 + CY604 @ 25SPARCbook1Unix with SunOS
1993Intel "Hornet" 80186 @ 7.91HP 100LX
1993?AlphaSmart
1994Intel "Hornet" 80186 @ 7.91HP 200LX
1995IBM ThinkPad Butterfly keyboard IBM ThinkPad 701c and 701Cs, famous for their "Butterfly Keyboard" which slides into place when opening the lid
1996 Intel Pentium @ 133 Panasonic Toughbook CF-25 The first Toughbook, an example of a ruggedized laptop
1997Intel Pentium @ 150IBM ThinkPad 380 A average late 90's notebook
2001SA-1110 @ 206SIMpad
2001 Intel Mobile Pentium III-M @ 1.2 Dell Precision M40 One of the world's first mobile workstation notebooks
2002 Intel Pentium 4 @ 2.4 Alienware Area 51-M An early example of a gaming laptop: high performance desktop components in a notebook
2003 Intel Pentium M @ 1.7 IBM ThinkPad R50p Notable for it's ultra high resolution 2048x1536 (QXGA) display option

See also

References
  1. United States. (1969). "Field Artillery Digital Automatic Computer (FADAC) - TOTAL FADAC COSTS". Hearings Cong. 91 Sess. 1 Appropriations V. 9 1969. 9: 645 – via HathiTrust.
  2. "IBM 1401: The Mainframe".
  3. "Columbia University Computing History: IBM 1401".
  4. "IBM 1401: Cultural Impacts".
  5. Weik, Martin H. (Mar 1961). "PACKARD BELL 250". ed-thelen.org. A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems.
  6. Beck, Robert Mark (30 December 1960). "PB-250 - A High Speed Serial General Purpose Computer Using Magnetostrictive Delay Line Storage". Managing Requirements Knowledge, International Workshop On(AFIPS): 284–285, 287. doi:10.1109/afips.1960.58. The first production computer was delivered in October 1960.
  7. "The PB-250". www.cca.org.
  8. "The RCA Micromodule". Vintage Computer Chip Collectibles, Memorabilia & Jewelry. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
  9. "Across the Editor's Desk: CONTROL DATA 449 COMPUTER". Computers and Automation. 16 (11): 56. Nov 1967.
  10. Used in translocation backpack system (prototype) and as an onboard computer for Grumman planes
  11. "Control Data 449 Computer Reference Manual" (PDF). bitsavers.trailing-edge.com. Oct 1967. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
  12. "IBM 5100 computer". 090508 oldcomputers.net
  13. "MicrocomputerChronology". Archived from the original on 2012-12-23. 090508 is2.lse.ac.uk
  14. "old-computers.com : The Museum". 090508 old-computers.com
  15. "IBM 5110 computer". 090508 oldcomputers.net
  16. "Weird World of Hardware". 090508 trygve.com
  17. "Rockwell AIM-65 computer". 090508 oldcomputers.net
  18. "Old Computers – rare, vintage, and obsolete computers". 090508 oldcomputers.net
  19. "Radio Shack TRS-80 Pocket Computer". 090508 oldcomputers.net
  20. "Epson HX-20 computer". 090508 oldcomputers.net
  21. "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". 090508 old-computers.com
  22. "World's first laptop. Osborne 1 GRiD Compass 1101". Archived from the original on 2017-07-20.
  23. "IBM 5155 portable computer". 090508 oldcomputers.net
  24. "Epson PX-8 computer". 090508 oldcomputers.net
  25. "Planet Irata: Atari ST Book Notebook Computer". Archived from the original on 2009-10-26. 090508 geocities.com
  26. "Chips in ATARI-Computern mit TOS-Betriebssystem". 090508 xs4all.nl
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