Timeline of online video

This is a timeline of online video, meaning streaming media delivered over the Internet.

Overview
Time periodKey developments in online video web sight
1974–1992Development of practical video coding standards. The development of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) lossy compression method leads to the first practical video formats, H.261 and MPEG, initially used for online video conferencing.
1993–2004Early days of the World Wide Web. Several container formats for streaming the first videos are released. Some sites, like Newgrounds, heavily rely on these container formats to display online video. Due to quality issues caused by low bandwidth and bad latency, very little streaming video existed on the World Wide Web until 2002 when VHS quality video with reliable lip sync became possible.
2005–2010Mass-streaming services like YouTube and Netflix become massively popular for streaming online video. Broadband penetration increases, allowing significant fractions of the population to stream online video. Macromedia Flash is the most popular format for displaying online video, as it is used by YouTube and many other sites.
2011–2016HTML5 starts to displace Flash. Livestreaming becomes increasingly popular, especially in the form of services like Twitch. Many social media startups integrate the streaming of short segments of video, like Vine and Keek. These are, in turn, integrated into the most popular services like Instagram and Facebook.

Full timeline
YearMonth and dateEvent typeDetails
1974JanuaryTechnologyThe discrete cosine transform (DCT), a form of lossy compression, was first proposed in 1972 by Nasir Ahmed, who then developed the algorithm with T. Natarajan and K. R. Rao at the University of Texas in 1973.[1] They first presented the DCT algorithm in January 1974.[2][3] It is the most important data compression technique that later enabled practical video streaming.[4]
1988NovemberTechnologyThe H.261 video coding standard is revealed by the ITU-T.[5] The adoption of discrete cosine transform (DCT) video compression made it the first practical video coding format,[6] and it was used for online video conferencing.[7] All MPEG video coding standards that followed (including MPEG-1, MPEG-2 Video, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and HEVC) have since used DCT video compression.[4]
1993May 22TechnologyWax or the Discovery of Television Among the Bees, originally released in 1991, is the first film to be streamed on the Internet. Due to bandwidth limitations it is broadcast at 2 frames per second rather than the standard 24 frames per second.[8]
1995September 5TechnologyESPN SportsZone streams a live radio broadcast of a baseball game between the Seattle Mariners and the New York Yankees to thousands of its subscribers worldwide using cutting-edge technology developed by a Seattle-based startup company named Real Networks – the first livestreaming event.[9]
1995TechnologyMacromedia releases Shockwave Player for Netscape Navigator, which becomes the primary format of streaming media for the late 1990s and 2000s (until it is gradually supplanted by HTML5).[10]
1997 Companies ShareYourWorld.com, a predecessor to YouTube, is founded by Chase Norlin, and is subsequently shut down in 2001.[11]
1998LateTechnologyMPEG-4, a method of defining compression of audio and visual (AV) digital data, is introduced.[12][13][14][15][16]
1999TechnologyMicrosoft introduces streaming feature in Windows Media Player 6.4. It introduces the ASF file format, which allows storage of multiple video and audio tracks inside a single file. It also introduces Windows Media streaming protocols that support switching streams during broadcast. This technology is most commonly referred to as Multiple Bit Rate ASF, or simply MBR.[17]
1999JuneTechnologyApple introduces a streaming media format in its QuickTime 4 application.[18]
2002OctoberTechnologyAdaptive bit rate over HTTP is created by the DVD Forum at the WG1 Special Streaming group.
2003MayTechnologyThe On2 TrueMotion VP6 codec is released.[19]
2004JuneProductsMindGeek is founded as Too Much Media. Its name is changed to Manwin in 2010, and then MindGeek in October 2013. Its operations are primarily related to Internet pornography, but also include other online properties such as the comedy video website videobash.com and celebrity gossip site celebs.com.[20][21]
2004September 9ProductsFirst cloud-based video editor launched.
2005January 25ProductsGoogle Video launches.[22]
2005March 15CompaniesDailymotion, a French video-sharing website, is founded.[23]
2005April 23CompaniesYouTube opens for video uploads, and the first YouTube video uploaded on April 23, 2005 is titled Me at the zoo.[24] Between March and July 2006, YouTube grows from 30 to 100 million views of videos per day.
2006May 14CompaniesCrunchyroll, an American website and international online community focused on video streaming East Asian media including anime, manga, drama, music, electronic entertainment, and auto racing content, is founded.[25]
2006October 1CompaniesJustin.tv, a live-streaming service that is the parent company of Twitch, is founded by Justin Kan.[26]
2006September 7ProductsAmazon introduces video on demand service Amazon Video.[27]
2006October 9MergersGoogle acquires YouTube.[28]
2006October 31CompaniesLiveLeak, a UK-based video sharing website that lets users post and share videos (often of reality footage, politics, war, and other world events), is founded.
2006DecemberCompaniesYouku, one of China's top online video and streaming service platforms, is founded.[29]
2007January 15ProductsNetflix announces that it will launch streaming video.[30]
2007FebruaryTechnologyHTML5 specification introduces the video element for the purpose of playing videos. This allows embedding video to no longer necessitate a third-party plugin, as it can be played natively in the browser. HTML5 would later overtake Flash as the primary mechanism for broadcasting video.[31]
2007May 25CompaniesPornHub, a pornographic video sharing website, is founded by the web developer Matt Keezer as a website within the company Interhub.[32]
2007SeptemberCompaniesVevo is founded. It offers music videos from two of the "big three" major record labels, Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment.[33]
2007September 5TechnologyMicrosoft introduces Microsoft Silverlight, an application framework for writing and running rich Internet applications, similar to Adobe Flash.[34]
2008February 25ProductsDivX announces that it will shut down Stage6,[35] stating that it is unable to continue to provide the attention and resources required for its continued operation.[36]
2008March 10TechnologyMacromedia Flash moves to the H.264 encoding codec.[37]
2008March 12CompaniesHulu, an online streaming service for TV/movies, launches for public access in the United States.[38]
2009JanuaryProductsGoogle discontinues the ability to upload videos to Google Video.[39]
2009 November Technology Apple first introduces HLS (HTTP Live Streaming), an HTTP-based adaptive bitrate streaming communications protocol.[40]
2010MarchAcquisitionsPornHub is purchased by Fabian Thylmann as part of the Manwin conglomerate, now known as MindGeek.[41]
2010April 22CompaniesiQiyi, an online video platform based in Beijing, China launches.[42]
2010DecemberCompaniesViki, an international video website offering TV shows, movies, and other premium content, is founded and gets Series A round funding.[43]
2011JanuaryTechnologyDynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP – which enables high quality streaming of media content over the Internet delivered from conventional HTTP web servers – becomes a draft international standard.[44] The MPEG-DASH standard is published as ISO/IEC 23009-1:2012 in April, 2012.
2011AprilCompaniesVudu announces the launch of its online streaming service.[45]
2011MayAcquisitionsManwin/MindGeek acquires the pornographic video sharing website YouPorn.[46]
2011June 6CompaniesJustin.tv spins off its gaming division as Twitch, which officially launches in public beta.[47]
2011JulyCompaniesKeek – a free online social networking service that allows its users to upload video status updates, which are called "keeks" – launches.[48]
2012January 29CompaniesMegaupload (and Megavideo) are shut down by the FBI.[49]
2012JuneCompaniesVine, a short-form video sharing service where users can share six-second-long looping video clips, is founded by Dom Hofmann, Rus Yusupov, and Colin Kroll.[50][51]
2012DecemberCompaniesSnapchat adds the ability to send video snaps in addition to photos.[52]
2013June 13ProductInstagram launches video sharing.[53]
2015January 27ProductsYouTube drops Flash for HTML5 video as default.[54]
2015MarchCompaniesPeriscope, a live video streaming app for iOS and Android developed by Kayvon Beykpour and Joe Bernstein is launched (and acquired by Twitter before its launch).[55]
2015MayCompaniesMeerkat, a mobile app that enables users to broadcast live video streaming through their mobile device, releases its app for both iOS and Android.[56]
2016JanuaryCompaniesFacebook launches livestreaming to everyone with Facebook Live.[57]

References
  1. Nasir Ahmed (1991). "How I Came Up With the Discrete Cosine Transform". Digital Signal Processing. 1 (1): 4–5.
  2. Ahmed, Nasir; Natarajan, T.; Rao, K. R. (January 1974), "Discrete Cosine Transform", IEEE Transactions on Computers, C-23 (1): 90–93, doi:10.1109/T-C.1974.223784
  3. "T.81 – DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES – REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES" (PDF). CCITT. September 1992. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  4. Ce, Zhu (2010). Streaming Media Architectures, Techniques, and Applications: Recent Advances: Recent Advances. IGI Global. p. 26. ISBN 9781616928339.
  5. "(Nokia position paper) Web Architecture and Codec Considerations for Audio-Visual Services" (PDF). H.261, which (in its first version) was ratified in November 1988.
  6. Ghanbari, Mohammed (2003). Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video Coding. Institution of Engineering and Technology. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9780852967102.
  7. Huang, Hsiang-Cheh; Fang, Wai-Chi (2007). Intelligent Multimedia Data Hiding: New Directions. Springer. p. 41. ISBN 9783540711698.
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  22. Google Video Search Live
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  24. Alleyne, Richard (July 31, 2008). "YouTube: Overnight success has sparked a backlash". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
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  44. ISO/IEC DIS 23009-1.2 Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH)
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  49. "Megaupload (and Megavideo) shut down by the Feds". Ew.com. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
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  52. J.J. Colao, "Snapchat Adds Video, Now Seeing 50 Million Photos A Day", Forbes, Dec 14, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  53. "Instagram Launches 15-Second Video Sharing Feature, With 13 Filters And Editing". Techcrunch.com. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
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