Timeline of Bern
The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Bern, Switzerland.
Prior to 19th century
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Early history |
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Old Swiss Confederacy |
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Transitional period |
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Modern history |
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- 2nd-3rd century CE - Roman settlement abandoned.[1]
- 1191 - Bern set up as military outpost by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.[2]
- 1218 - Bern becomes a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.[3]
- 1219 - Zytglogge (tower) built.[1]
- 1223 - Theto von Ravensburg becomes Schultheiss von Bern.
- 1256 - Käfigturm (tower) built.
- 1268 - Nydegg Castle demolished (approximate date).
- 1270 - Felsenburg (castle) built (approximate date).
- 1285 - Predigerkirche (Bern) (church) built.[1]
- 1289 - April: Battle of Schosshalde takes place; Bern successfully resisted Rudolph of Hapsburg.[3]
- 1298
- 1331-1333 - Gümmenenkrieg (Fribourg-Bern war).
- 1339 - Battle of Laupen.[2]
- 1345 - Golatenmatttor (tower) built.
- 1346
- Black Death plague.[2]
- Äussere Neustadt (Bern) area developed.
- Christoffelturm (tower) and Nydeggkirche (church) built.
- 1353 - Canton of Bern joins the Swiss Confederacy.[4]
- 1380 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[5]
- 1383-1384 - Burgdorferkrieg (Kyberg-Bern war) takes place in the County of Burgundy.
- 1417 - Rathaus (Bern) (town hall) built.[1]
- 1421 - Bern Munster construction begins.[6]
- 1430 - Konrad Justinger writes Chronik der Stadt Bern, a history of the city.
- 1470 - Tschachtlanchronik (Bern history) compiled.
- 1489 - Untertorbrücke (bridge) built.
- 1494 - Antoniterkirche (Bern) (church) rebuilt.
- 1513 - Town begins to keep bears in the Bärenplatz.[6]
- 1525 - Printing press in operation.[7]
- 1528 - Berner Disputation.
- 1530 - Astronomical clock installed in the Zytglogge.[1]
- 1532 - Bernese Synod adopted.[8]
- 1543 - Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Bern) (fountain) erected on Gerechtigkeitsgasse.
- 1544 - Simsonbrunnen (fountain) erected.
- 1546 - Fountains Anna-Seiler-Brunnen (on Marktgasse) and Pfeiferbrunnen (on Spitalgasse) erected.
- 1573 - Munster construction ends.[6]
- 1615 - Schallenhaus (prison) in operation.
- 1700 - Population: 14,219.[9]
- 1718 - Kornhaus (Bern) (granary) built.[1]
- 1729 - Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern rebuilt.[1]
- 1752 - Erlacherhof (mansion) built.[1]
- 1759 - Ökonomische Gesellschaft (scientific society) founded.[10]
- 1798 - 5 March: Battle of Grauholz takes place in canton; French in power.[4]
- 1799 - Stämpfli (publisher) in business.
19th century
- 1803 - City library active.[11]
- 1815 - Bernischen Musikgesellschaft (music society) founded.[12]
- 1817 - Rathaus zum Äusseren Stand (government building) rebuilt.
- 1818 - Population: 18,997.[9]
- 1830 - Eidgenössisches Schützenfest held in Bern.
- 1832
- Karl Zeerleder becomes mayor.
- Canton becomes administratively independent of city.[1]
- 1834 - University of Bern established.[6]
- 1837 - Population: 24,362.[9]
- 1844 - Nydeggbrücke (bridge) built.
- 1846 - Historical Society of the Canton of Bern founded.[13]
- 1848 - Bern becomes capital of Switzerland.[3]
- 1850
- 1851 - Tiefenaubrücke (bridge) built.
- 1857 - Bundeshaus (Bern)[1] and Bärengraben (bear pit) built.
- 1858
- Bern railway station opens.
- Musikschule Konservatorium Bern founded.[12]
- 1863 - Bernischen Juristenverein (lawyers' association) founded.
- 1864 - Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul, Bern built.[1]
- 1868 - Chocolat Tobler in business.
- 1874
- International Weltpostkongress 1874 (postal union meeting) held in Bern; "Treaty concerning the formation of a General Postal Union" signed.
- Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland headquartered in Bern.[15]
- 1877 - Bern Symphony Orchestra established.[16]
- 1879 - Conche machine invented by chocolate maker Rodolphe Lindt.
- 1880
- 1886 - International "Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" signed in city.[3]
- 1888 - Berner Tramway-Gesellschaft founded.
- 1891
- August: 700th anniversary of city founding.[3]
- State Archive of Bern founded.
- 1893
- June: Labour unrest.[3]
- Johanneskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- 1894 - Bern Historical Museum built.
- 1900 - Städtische Strassenbahn Bern (public transit operator) and Gutenberg Museum (Bern) established.
20th century
- 1902 - Federal Palace of Switzerland building expanded.[6]
- 1903 - Albert Einstein moves into Einsteinhaus on Kramgasse.
- 1905
- St. Paul's Church, Bern built.
- Akademischer Alpenclub Bern (hiking club) formed.[17]
- 1906
- "International Convention respecting the Prohibition of the Use of White (Yellow) Phosphorus in the Manufacture of Matches" signed in Bern.
- Anglican St Ursula's Church, Berne built.
- 1910
- Eidgenössisches Schützenfest and Swiss Aviation Exhibition held.[18]
- Population: 90,937 in city; 578,381 in canton.[14]
- 1914 - Schweizerische Landesausstellung 1914 (national exposition) held in Bern.
- 1915 - March: International socialist anti-war women's conference held in Bern.[19]
- 1918
- Elfenau park now belongs to city.[20]
- Haupt Verlag (publisher) in business.
- 1919
- Bümpliz becomes part of city.[9]
- February: Second International conference held in Bern.[19]
- 1920 - Friedenskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- 1928 - Schweizeische Ausstellung für Frauenarbeit (women's rights event) held in Bern.
- 1929
- Bern Aerodrome begins operating.[18]
- Alpar AG airline headquartered in Bern.[18]
- 1930 - Population: 111,783 in city; 623,665 in canton.[14]
- 1933 - Bern Trial begins.
- 1936 - National Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents headquartered in Bern.[21]
- 1939
- Tierpark Dählhölzli (zoo) opens.[22]
- Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (history journal) in publication.[23]
- 1940 - Trolleybus begins operating.
- 1947 - Städtische Verkehrsbetriebe Bern (public transit operator) established.
- 1949
- Zytglogge Theater founded.[24]
- Felsenaubrücke (bridge) and Petruskirche (Bern) (church) built.
- 1950 - Population: 146,499 in city; 731,550 in canton.[14]
- 1951 - Burgerbibliothek of Berne (public library) foundation established.[11]
- 1955 - February: Romanian embassy seized.
- 1963 - Camerata Bern founded.
- 1969 - Szeemann's art exhibit "provokes a national scandal."[25]
- 1970 - Population: 162,405 in city; 901,706 in canton.[14]
- 1977
- Gurtenfestival of music begins.
- Albert Einstein Society founded.
- 1979
- French-speaking Canton of Jura secedes from mostly German-speaking Canton of Bern.[26]
- Berner Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
- 1982 - 6 September: Polish embassy occupied.[27]
- 1983 - Old City of Bern designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[1]
- 1984 - Regional Transport Bern-Solothurn established.
- 1990 - March: Demonstration against federal government keeping secret files on citizens.[15]
- 1993 - Klaus Baumgartner becomes mayor.
- 1995 - Bern S-Bahn railway in operation.
- 2000 - Population: 128,634 in city; 957,197 in canton.[14]
21st century
- 2002 - House of Religions founded.[1]
- 2004 - Buskers Bern Street Music Festival begins.[28]
- 2005
- Paul Klee Centre built.
- Alexander Tschäppät becomes mayor.
- 2007
- 2008 - June: UEFA Euro 2008 Group C football contest takes place in Bern.[31][32]
- 2009 - Bärenpark Bern opens.[33]
- 2013 - Population: 137,980.[34]
See also
- History of Bern
- List of mayors of Bern
- List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Bern
- Timelines of other municipalities in Switzerland: Basel, Geneva, Zürich
References
- Leo Schelbert (2014). Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
- Leo Schelbert (2014). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-3352-2.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Berne", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via HathiTrust
- "Bern (Kanton)" [Bern (canton)], Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German), retrieved 30 October 2015
- Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- "Bern", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- Glenn Ehrstine (2002). Theater, Culture, and Community in Reformation Bern: 1523 - 1555. Brill. ISBN 90-04-12353-9.
- "Bern (Gemeinde)" [Bern (municipality)], Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German), retrieved 30 September 2015
- James E. McClellan (1985). Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
- Hans A. Michel (1985). "Das wissenschaftliche Bibliothekswesen Berns vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart". Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (in German) (47): 167–234 – via ETH-Bibliothek.
- Gustav Grunau (1908). Gedenkschrift zum 50-jährigen Bestehen der Berner Musikschule (in German). Bern: Grunau.
- "Archiv des Historischen Vereins des Kantons Bern". DigiBern (in German). Universitätsbibliothek Bern. Retrieved 30 September 2015. (links to fulltext publications of the society)
- Evolution de la population des communes 1850-2000 (xls) (in French), Swiss Confederation, Federal Statistical Office, 2005
- "Switzerland". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
- Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal. UK (177).
- "History". Bern Airport. Flughafen Bern AG. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
- "Russische Fürstin wirkte Wunder in Bern", Berner Zeitung (in German), 15 September 2012
- Andreas Ladner (2004). Stabilität und Wandel von Parteien und Parteiensystemen: Eine vergleichende Analyse von Konfliktlinien, Parteien und Parteiensystemen in den Schweizer Kantonen (in German). Springer Fachmedien. ISBN 978-3-322-80995-7.
- Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- "Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte". DigiBern (in German). Universitätsbibliothek Bern. Retrieved 30 September 2015. (links to fulltext)
- Don Rubin; et al., eds. (1994). "Switzerland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. pp. 828+. ISBN 9780415251570.
- "Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- "Switzerland Profile: Timeline", BBC News, retrieved 30 September 2015
- "Polish rebels seize embassy in Bern", The New York Times, 7 September 1982
- "Switzerland: Bern City Guide", Time Out, UK, retrieved 30 September 2015
- "Sprengstoffanschlag auf Reitschule: Prozess könnte noch heuer stattfinden", Der Bund (in German), Bern, 25 June 2015
- "Switzerland reeling as radicals create havoc at rightwing political rally", The Guardian, UK, 7 October 2007
- Back to normality for Berne after Dutch invasion, Reuters, 10 June 2008
- Berne police fired pellets on rowdy fans, Reuters, 12 June 2008
- "Chronologie: Ein Park mit einem zehnjährigen Auf und Ab", Berner Zeitung (in German), 2 July 2010
- "Bevölkerung", Jahrbuch 2014 (in German), Stadt Bern
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
- in English
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Berne". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
- "Berne". Switzerland. Grieben's Guide Books (2nd ed.). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1912.
- in German
- Eduard von Rodt (1886). Bernische Stadtgeschichte (in German). Bern: Huber & Comp.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Berchtold Weber (1976). Historisch-topographisches Lexikon der Stadt Bern (in German) – via DigiBern. (fulltext)
- Peter Meyer (ed.). Illustrierte Berner Enzyklopädie (in German) – via DigiBern. 1981-1987 (fulltext)
- J. Sulzer; et al. (1989). Stadtplanung in Bern (in German).
- "Festschrift zum 800-Jahr-Jubiläum der Stadt Bern". Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (in German) (53). 1991 – via ETH-Bibliothek. (fulltext)
- Ch. Lüthi; B. Meier, eds. (1998). Bern: eine Stadt bricht auf (in German).
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bern. |
- Bibliografie der Berner Geschichte [Bibliography of the History of Bern] (in German), Burgerbibliothek of Berne 1995–present
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