Sur, Oman

Sur (Arabic: صُوْر‎) is the capital city of Ash Sharqiyah South Governorate, and the former capital of Ash Sharqiyah Region in northeastern Oman, on the coast of the Gulf of Oman. It is located about 93 mi (150 km) southeast of the Omani capital Muscat. Historically, the city is known for being an important destination point for sailors. Today, the sea still plays an important part of life in Sur.

Sur (Oman)

صُوْر (in Arabic)
City
Sur (Oman)
Location in Oman
Coordinates: 22°34′0″N 59°31′44″E
Country Oman
RegionAsh Sharqiyah Region
GovernorateAsh Sharqiyah South Governorate
Population
 (2017)
 • Total120,000
Time zoneUTC+4 (+4)
Purple - Portuguese in Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th centuries. Main cities, ports and routes.

Geography

Nearby villages include Dughmur and Qalhat.

History

By the 6th century, Sur was an established centre for trade with East Africa.

Ibn Battuta commented on his visit to this "roadstead of a large village on the seashore."[1] In the 16th century, it was under Portuguese rule but was liberated by the Omani Imam Nasir ibn Murshid and underwent an economic revival, as a trade centre with India and East Africa. This continued until the mid-19th century, when the British outlawed the slave trade. The city was further ruined by the opening of the Suez Canal, which saw it lose trade with India.

Education

The main college in Sur is the Sur College of Applied Sciences. The college has over 4000 students and offers degrees in Business, Communication, Information Technology and Design and Applied Biotechnology. It is considered one of the better institutions of higher learning in Oman. The second college is Sur University College. There is an Indian school, Indian School Sur which offers classes up to Grade 12.

Shipbuilding

It is one of the famous cities in the Gulf region in building wooden ships. Its historical location gives it the hand to monitor the Gulf of Oman and the Indian Ocean. Many ships have been built in this city, like the sambuk and ghanjah.[2] They formerly went as far as China, India, Zanzibar, Iraq and many other countries. These vessels were also used in pearl fishing.

Climate

Sur experiences a hot desert climate with very little rainfall and high temperatures. Because of its coastal location, Sur's night-time temperatures are never very low. There is no distinct wetter season, but March tends to be the wettest month, and September the driest.

Occasionally, Sur gets battered by cyclones. In 2007, Cyclone Gonu battered the city, and in 2010, Sur was hit by Cyclone Phet.

Climate data for Sur, Oman
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.4
(92.1)		 37.4
(99.3)		 42.0
(107.6)		 44.2
(111.6)		 48.0
(118.4)		 49.8
(121.6)		 48.0
(118.4)		 47.2
(117.0)		 44.0
(111.2)		 42.5
(108.5)		 36.8
(98.2)		 34.6
(94.3)		 49.8
(121.6)
Average high °C (°F) 26.3
(79.3)		 28.4
(83.1)		 31.7
(89.1)		 36.5
(97.7)		 41.3
(106.3)		 41.7
(107.1)		 40.5
(104.9)		 38.9
(102.0)		 38.4
(101.1)		 35.7
(96.3)		 31.1
(88.0)		 27.7
(81.9)		 34.8
(94.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 21.7
(71.1)		 22.5
(72.5)		 25.5
(77.9)		 29.9
(85.8)		 33.4
(92.1)		 34.1
(93.4)		 33.2
(91.8)		 31.1
(88.0)		 30.8
(87.4)		 29.2
(84.6)		 25.3
(77.5)		 22.7
(72.9)		 28.3
(82.9)
Average low °C (°F) 17.7
(63.9)		 18.9
(66.0)		 21.7
(71.1)		 25.7
(78.3)		 29.8
(85.6)		 30.7
(87.3)		 29.5
(85.1)		 27.8
(82.0)		 26.9
(80.4)		 25.0
(77.0)		 21.3
(70.3)		 18.8
(65.8)		 24.5
(76.1)
Record low °C (°F) 7.0
(44.6)		 8.8
(47.8)		 9.6
(49.3)		 17.5
(63.5)		 22.5
(72.5)		 16.8
(62.2)		 17.2
(63.0)		 16.0
(60.8)		 15.0
(59.0)		 14.2
(57.6)		 9.0
(48.2)		 8.8
(47.8)		 7.0
(44.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 11.0
(0.43)		 9.8
(0.39)		 17.2
(0.68)		 7.7
(0.30)		 1.7
(0.07)		 13.4
(0.53)		 3.2
(0.13)		 2.5
(0.10)		 0.0
(0.0)		 1.7
(0.07)		 3.3
(0.13)		 10.9
(0.43)		 82.4
(3.26)
Average rainy days 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.0 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.7 1.6 13
Average relative humidity (%) 69 70 63 56 53 56 59 65 63 60 66 69 62
Source 1: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[3]
Source 2: NOAA (extremes, mean, humidity, 1977-1990) [4]
  • A street along the beach of the Gulf of Oman, with the Eastern Hajar Mountains in the background
  • Sur Lighthouse
  • A docked dhow with Al-Ayjah Watchtower on top of the hill in the background
  • Watchtowers on hills overlooking the Arabian Sea

Notable people

See also

References
  1. Battutah, Ibn (2002). The Travels of Ibn Battutah. London: Picador. p. 96. ISBN 9780330418799.
  2. The Traditional Dhow, archived from the original on 2012-07-25
  3. "World Weather Information Service - Sur". October 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  4. "Sur Climate Normals 1977-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
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