Southern sleeper shark

Southern sleeper shark
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Order:	Squaliformes
Family:	Somniosidae
Genus:	Somniosus
Species:	S. antarcticus
Binomial name
	Somniosus antarcticus; Whitley, 1939[2]
	Range (in blue)

The southern sleeper shark or Whitley's sleeper shark (Somniosus antarcticus) is a deepwater benthopelagic sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae found in the southern Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans.[1] It is known from depths of 400 to 1,100 m.[1][3] Its length is up to 4.4 m (14 ft).[3] It feeds primarily on cephalopods, especially squid and fish; its stomach contents also less commonly contain remains of marine mammals and birds.[1] Based on its generally sluggish nature and the speed of its prey, it is thought to be an ambush predator.[1] A 3.6-m-long female caught off the coast of Chile had a whole southern right whale dolphin in its stomach. This dogfish is sometimes taken as bycatch in the orange roughy and Patagonian toothfish fisheries; whether this poses a threat to the species is currently unknown.[1]

This fish was formerly sometimes viewed as conspecific with either the Greenland shark, Somniosus microcephalus, or the Pacific sleeper shark, Somniosus pacificus. However, it was shown in 2004 to be a distinct species.[4]

Conservation status

In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the southern sleeper shark as "Not Threatened" with the qualifiers "Data Poor" and "Uncertain whether Secure Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.[5]

References

Finucci, B. (2018). "Somniosus antarcticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2018: e.T41857A68643703. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T41857A68643703.en. Retrieved 28 December 2018.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
Whitley, Gilbert P. (1939). "Taxonomic Notes on Sharks and Rays". The Australian Zoologist. 9 (3): 242.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). "Somniosus antarcticus" in FishBase. February 2012 version.
Yano, Kazunari; Stevens, John D.; Compagno, Leonard J. V. (2004). "A review of the systematics of the sleeper shark genus Somniosus with redescriptions of Somniosus (Somniosus) antarcticus and Somniosus (Rhinoscymnus) longus (Squaliformes: Somniosidae)". Ichthyological Research. 51 (4): 360–73. doi:10.1007/s10228-004-0244-4.
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018). Conservation status of New Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016 (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 11. ISBN 9781988514628. OCLC 1042901090.

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[IUCN-1] Finucci, B. (2018). "Somniosus antarcticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2018: e.T41857A68643703. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T41857A68643703.en. Retrieved 28 December 2018.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

[2] Whitley, Gilbert P. (1939). "Taxonomic Notes on Sharks and Rays". The Australian Zoologist. 9 (3): 242.

[FishBase-3] Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). "Somniosus antarcticus" in FishBase. February 2012 version.

[Yano2004-4] Yano, Kazunari; Stevens, John D.; Compagno, Leonard J. V. (2004). "A review of the systematics of the sleeper shark genus Somniosus with redescriptions of Somniosus (Somniosus) antarcticus and Somniosus (Rhinoscymnus) longus (Squaliformes: Somniosidae)". Ichthyological Research. 51 (4): 360–73. doi:10.1007/s10228-004-0244-4.

[5] Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018). Conservation status of New Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016 (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 11. ISBN 9781988514628. OCLC 1042901090.