Skin infection

A skin infection is an infection of the skin in humans and other animals, that can also affect the associated soft tissues such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes. They comprise a category of infections termed skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), or skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs),[1] and acute bacterial SSSIs (ABSSSIs).[2] They are distinguished from dermatitis (inflammation of the skin).[3][4] although skin infections can result in skin inflammation.[5]

Causes

Bacterial
Example of cellulitis showing 3+ edema of left leg
Main article: Skin and skin structure infection

Bacterial skin infections affected about 155 million people and cellulitis occurred in about 600 million people in 2013.[6] Bacterial skin infections include:

Fungal

Fungal skin infections may present as either a superficial or deep infection of the skin, hair, and/or nails.[10][11] As of 2010, they affect about one billion people globally.[12]

Parasitic

Parasitic infestations of the skin are caused by several phyla of organisms, including Annelida, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, Chordata, Cnidaria, Cyanobacteria, Echinodermata, Nemathelminthes, Platyhelminthes, and Protozoa.[10][13]

Viral

Virus-related cutaneous conditions caused by these obligate intracellular agents derive from both DNA and RNA viruses.[10][14]

References
  1. Stevens, D. L.; Bisno, A. L.; Chambers, H. F.; Dellinger, E. P.; Goldstein, E. J. C.; Gorbach, S. L.; Hirschmann, J. V.; Kaplan, S. L.; Montoya, J. G.; Wade, J. C. (18 June 2014). "Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 59 (2): e10–e52. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu296. PMID 24947530.
  2. "Guidance Compliance Regulatory Information" (PDF). www.fda.gov. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  3. "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision". apps.who.int. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  4. In the WHO classification, it is noted that the infection classification "Excludes:... infective dermatitis...". See the WHO classification, op. cit.
  5. Skin inflammation due to skin infection is called "infective dermatitis". See the WHO classifications, op. cit.
  6. Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (22 August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
  7. "erysipelas" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  8. "Impetigo". nhs.uk. October 19, 2017.
  9. Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., Fausto, N. & Mitchell, R.N. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 843. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. Habif, Thomas P. (2001). Skin disease: diagnosis and treatment. Mosby. ISBN 978-0-8151-3762-7.
  11. David J. DiCaudo; Dirk Elston MD; Dirk M. Elston; Tammie Ferringer; Christine J. Ko; Christine Ko MD; Steven Peckham; Whitney A. High (2009). Dermatopathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-0-7020-3023-9.
  12. Vos, T (Dec 15, 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMC 6350784. PMID 23245607.
  13. Diaz JH (2010). "Mite-transmitted dermatoses and infectious diseases in returning travelers". J Travel Med. 17 (1): 21–31. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2009.00352.x. PMID 20074098.
  14. Lebwohl MG, Rosen T, Stockfleth E (November 2010). "The role of human papillomavirus in common skin conditions: current viewpoints and therapeutic options". Cutis. 86 (5): suppl 1–11, quiz suppl 12. PMID 21214125.
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