Sibelius (scorewriter)

Sibelius was originally developed by British twins Jonathan and Ben Finn for the Acorn Archimedes computer under the name 'Sibelius 7', not as a version number, but reminiscent of Sibelius' Symphony No 7.[1] The Finns said they could not remember why they used Jean Sibelius' name, but it was probably because he was also ‘a Finn' (i.e. Finnish), as well as being one of their favourite composers. Development in assembly language on the RISC OS started in 1986 after they left school, and continued while they were at Oxford and Cambridge universities, respectively. Both were music students, and said they wrote the program because they did not like the laborious process of writing music by hand.[7]

The program was released to the public in April 1993 on 3.5-inch floppy disk. It required considerably less than 1 MB of memory (Sibelius 7 needed only 548 kB for a 33-page symphonic score, for example), and the combination of assembly language and the Archimedes' ARM processor meant that it ran very quickly. No matter how long the score, changes were displayed almost instantly. A unique feature of the Sibelius GUI at that time was the ability it gave the user to drag the entire score around with the mouse, offering a bird's eye of the score, as distinct from having to use the QWERTY input keyboard arrow keys, or equivalent, to scroll the page.

The first ever user of Sibelius was the composer and engraver Richard Emsley, who provided advice on music engraving prior to the start of development, and beta tested the software before its release. The first concert performance from a Sibelius score was of an orchestral work by David Robert Coleman, copied by Emsley. The first score published using Sibelius was Antara by George Benjamin, also copied by Emsley, and published by Faber Music. Other early adopters included composer John Rutter, conductor Michael Tilson Thomas, and publisher Music Sales.

As a killer application for the niche Acorn platform, Sibelius rapidly dominated the UK market.[8] It also sold in smaller numbers in a few other countries, restricted by the availability of Acorn computers. 'Lite' versions were subsequently released, and these were successful in UK schools, where Acorns were widely used.[9]

In September 1998, the first version for Windows was released as 'Sibelius', with the version number reset to 1.0.[10] A Mac version 1.2 was released a few months later, and the company thereafter used conventional version numbers for both platforms across subsequent upgrades. Scores created on one platform could be opened on the other, and were backward compatible. To produce these versions, the software was completely rewritten in C++, while retaining most of the original's functionality and user interface with numerous enhancements. The original Acorn names 'Sibelius 6' and 'Sibelius 7' were later re-used to denote versions 6 and 7 of Sibelius for Windows/Mac.

Releasing Sibelius for more widely available computers brought it to a worldwide market, particularly the US, where Sibelius Software had opened an office in late 1996. Following the break-up of Acorn Computers[11][12] shortly after Sibelius' Windows release, no further Acorn versions were developed. Sibelius Software later opened an office in Australia, also serving New Zealand, where Sibelius was widely used.

In August 2006, Sibelius Software Ltd was acquired by Avid Technology, an American manufacturer of software and hardware for audio and video production. Avid continued publishing Sibelius as a stand-alone notation product, as well as integrating it with some of its existing software products.

In July 2012, Avid announced plans to divest its other consumer businesses, closed the Sibelius London office, and laid off the original development team,[3][13] amid an outpouring of user protest, then recruited a new team of programmers to continue Sibelius development in Montreal, Canada and Kyiv, Ukraine.

The Save Sibelius campaign was possibly the first time a users group of a software application generated an organised mass response to a major technology company, petitioning it to reinstate developers whom it had fired in order to restructure its operations offshore, and then when that did not succeed, petitioning the company to divest itself of its flagship scorewriter application. The campaign attracted hundreds of thousands of responses, including an 11,590 strong petition, was featured on BBC Radio 4 and MacUser and prompted defensive public responses from Avid Tech.

Sibelius Software had been sold by its owners (which included a VC investor and the two founders)[14] in 2006 to Avid Tech.[15][16] Sibelius was deemed a good fit for Avid, who had acquired other applications of comparable stature, such as Pro Tools. However, after initially expanding the Sibelius workforce, Avid later made cuts to staff and offices across its whole business, including at Sibelius, due to difficulties in other areas of Avid's business[17][18] which was seen by some critics as asset stripping.[19][20]

On 19 July 2012, after Avid Tech fired[2][3][21] all but three of the Sibelius development team and closed their London office in order to relocate jobs offshore to Ukraine and California, the Save Sibelius activist group was formed by Derek Williams[22] to try to future-proof the application. Williams co-opted Richie Vitale and a small team of other musicians to petition Avid to reverse their decision. Because of past experience with orphaned music technology and abandonware such as the Mosaic notation program and OMS, it was feared[23] that the Sibelius application would likewise ultimately cease development, thereby leaving its users without updates to ensure the application would remain compatible with future operating system upgrades.

To raise public awareness among the half million Sibelius users, the group launched a Facebook campaign,[24] duplicated on Google Plus.[25] Within its first week, 485,000 Facebook hits were generated, with 12,000 followers joining the page, alongside growing music industry media interest.[26][27][28] The Avid board of directors, who had been targeted by a letter writing campaign initiated from the Save Sibelius website, began issuing public reassurances on their own blog websites[29] and social media that they intended to keep Sibelius alive. After Williams' 6 August 2012 Podcast interview with The Audio Podcast,[30] there followed a BBC Radio 4 radio interview about the campaign on You and Yours with composer Paul Mealor on 24 August 2012[31] indicating that Sibelius users were not convinced.

By October 2012, after attempts by the Finn brothers and other investors approached by the group to buy back the application from Avid proved unsuccessful,[32] a Change.org petition called "chris-gahagan-senior-vice-president-of-products-sell-sibelius" was launched to try to persuade Avid Tech to divest itself of Sibelius, and was presented in person to Sibelius Software executives from Avid at an extraordinary meeting held by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) at its London offices on 3 October. Amid subsequent collapsing share performance that involved Avid's delisting by NASDAQ,[33] Avid Tech CEO Gary Greenfield stepped down, while Bobby Lombardi was replaced by long-time Sibelius employee Sam Butler[34] as the new Sibelius product manager.

Central to the Save Sibelius campaign were the issues of orphaned technology, abandonware, planned obsolescence, asset stripping, and the perceived impact of Avid Tech's actions on employees, shareholders and consumers. The firing of the Sibelius development team led directly to their engagement by Yamaha Steinberg to develop a rival application to Sibelius. In February 2013, Steinberg announced they had hired the majority of the former Sibelius development team to develop Dorico, under the stewardship of former Sibelius product manager, Daniel Spreadbury.[35][36][37]

• 1986: Founders Jonathan and Ben Finn start designing Sibelius 7 for Acorn computers.
• 1993: Sibelius Software founded to sell Sibelius 7 and related computer hardware/software in the UK. Early customers include Europe's largest publisher Music Sales, choral composer John Rutter, and the Royal Academy of Music. Sibelius 6 (educational version) also launched.
• 1994: Distribution in Europe, Australia and New Zealand commences. Sibelius 7 Student (educational version) launched.
• 1995: German versions of Sibelius launched.
• 1996: US office opened in California. Junior Sibelius (primary school program) launched.
• 1998: Sibelius for Windows launched worldwide. Company ceases selling hardware to concentrate on core software business.
• 1999: Sibelius for Mac, PhotoScore and Scorch launched. Sibelius forms US subsidiary, creating the Sibelius Group, which now has 25 employees. Quester VCT invests.
• 2000: Sibelius Internet Edition launched, and adopted for Internet publishing by leading European publishers Music Sales and Boosey & Hawkes. SibeliusMusic.com and Sibelius Notes (initially called Teaching Tools) launched.
• 2001: World's largest sheet music publisher Hal Leonard also adopts Sibelius Internet Edition. Sibelius Group reaches 50 employees.
• 2002: Sibelius is first major music program for Mac OS X. Company acquires music software company MIDIworks.
• 2003: Revenues beat competitor MakeMusic Inc. by 20%, confirming Sibelius as world market leader. Starclass, Instruments, G7 and G7music.net launched. Sibelius Group commences distributing Musition and Auralia. Sibelius in Japanese launched, distributed by Yamaha.
• 2004: Compass, Kontakt Gold, Sibelius Student Edition, Sibelius in French and Spanish launched. Company acquires SequenceXtra. Sibelius software used in more than 50% of UK secondary schools.
• 2005: Australian subsidiary formed after acquiring Australian distributor. Company reaches 75 employees. Wins prestigious Queen's Award for Innovation. Releases Rock & Pop Collection of sounds. Commences distributing O-Generator.
• 2006: Groovy Music and Coloured Keyboard launched. Sibelius Software bought by Avid Technology.
• 2007: Japanese office opened.
• 2012: Avid closes Sibelius' London office and lays off original development team, sparking the 'Save Sibelius' campaign.
• 2014: First release of a Sibelius version (7.5) by the new development team.[38]
• 2018: Sibelius First (free, entry-level product), Sibelius (formerly Sibelius First) and Sibelius Ultimate (formerly Sibelius) launched together with a new year-based versioning system.

Sibelius' main function is to help create, edit and print musical scores. It supports virtually all music notations, enabling even the most complex of modern orchestral, choral, jazz, pop, folk, rock and chamber music scores to be engraved to publication quality. Further, it allows scores to be played back or turned into MIDI or audio files, e.g. to create a CD. A built-in sample player and a large range of sampled sounds are included.[39] Sibelius supports any MIDI device, and allows Virtual Studio Technology (VST) and Audio Units plug-ins to be used as playback instruments, giving users access to third-party sample libraries.[40] Score playback can also be synchronised to video, or to DAW software via the ReWire standard.

By default, Sibelius plays a brief passage from a Jean Sibelius symphony as it launches, a feature that can be disabled in the application's Preferences if desired. Each version has used a different excerpt; e.g. Sibelius 7 appropriately uses the main theme from Sibelius' 7th Symphony.

In Version 7.0, Avid rebuilt Sibelius as a 64 bit application, replacing the menu navigation system of previous versions with a Ribbon interface in the process. This met with considerable user resistance,[41] however the Ribbon remains integral to the current GUI.

Add-ons for Sibelius that are currently or have previously been available include:

• Sound libraries such as Note Performer,[42] Vienna Symphonic Library,[43] Kontakt, Garritan,[44] and Mark of the Unicorn's (MOTU) Symphonic Instrument,[45] which can be added as Manual Sound Sets in the Playback Devices options from the Sibelius Play tab.[46]
• Extra plug-in features.[47] These are usually free of charge, and often created by Sibelius users, the most prolific of whom has been Bob Zawalich.[48]
• Myriad's PDF to MusicXML transcribing application PDFtoMusic.[49]
• Neuratron's Music OCR program PhotoScore (scanning),[50] which can be used to scan and create a Sibelius score from printed music and PDF documents. A lite version is bundled with Sibelius.
• Neuratron's AudioScore,[51] also bundled in a lite version, which claims to be able to turn singing or an acoustic instrument performance into a score,[52] though many users have complained that this does not work.[53][54] AudioScore currently holds a two-star rating on cnet.com.[55]
• QWERTY Keyboards such as Logic Keyboard.[56]
• Keyboard covers such as KB Covers.[57]
• Mobile device VNC controllers such as iPad Sibelius Wizard[58][59] and Sibelius Control for iPad,[60] allowing the user to control Sibelius wirelessly via shortcuts set up within the Preferences.

Sibelius users can publish their scores directly from the software via the Internet using desktops, laptops or iPads. Anyone else using software called Sibelius Scorch[61] (free for web browsers, charged for on iPads) can then view these scores, play them back, transpose them, change instruments, or print them from the web browser version. ScoreExchange.com is a website where any Sibelius user can upload scores they have composed, arranged or transcribed with Sibelius, so that anyone can access the music. The site began in 2001 as SibeliusMusic.com, and by June 2011 had amassed nearly 100,000 scores. The iPad version of Scorch also includes a store containing over 250,000 scores from publishers Music Sales, Hal Leonard, and Sibelius Scorch is used in the websites of various music publishers and individual musicians. Publishers can license the Sibelius Internet Edition for commercial online publishing.

From October 2017, Scorch has been replaced by Sibelius Cloud Publishing, providing publishers with an API to automate the publishing and selling of digital sheet Music.[62] It uses the same technology as Scorch to allow Sibelius users to share music online directly from within the program, and addresses compatibility issues.[63]

There are various education-specific features for Sibelius' large market of schools and universities. The Sibelius Educational Suite[64] includes extensive built-in music teaching materials, and the ability to run and manage multiple copies of the software on a network at discounted educational pricing.

In 2012, Sibelius Student was replaced by a new version of Sibelius First.

Lite notation based on Sibelius is included in Avid's Pro Tools audio editing software.

A network license is available for schools, colleges, universities and other multi-client situations.[65]