Shell House massacre

The Shell House massacre was a 1994 shooting incident that took place at the headquarters of the African National Congress (ANC), in central Johannesburg, South Africa in the lead up to the 1994 elections.[3]

Shell House massacre
Part of the run-up to the 1994 South African general election
Date28 March 1994
Location
Shell House, Johannesburg, South Africa
26°12′14″S 28°2′17″E
Result Amnesty granted to 11 people
Belligerents
Inkatha Freedom Party African National Congress
Strength
20,000-50,000[1] ?
Casualties and losses
19–53[2] dead None

Description

Shell House (not to be confused with Luthuli House, where the ANC later relocated) at 1 Plein Street, Johannesburg, South Africa was the headquarters of the ANC after the organisation was unbanned until 1997. On 28 March 1994, about 20,000 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) supporters marched to Shell House in protest against the 1994 elections that the IFP was intending to boycott.

ANC security guards opened fire, killing nineteen people.[4] At the time, guards claimed that the IFP supporters were storming the building or that a tip-off had been received of that being planned.

The Nugent Commission of Inquiry into the killings rejected that explanation. The commission's conclusion was that the shooting by ANC guards was unjustified.

The incident reflected the rising tensions between the ANC and IFP, which had begun in the 1980s in KwaZulu-Natal and had then spread to other provinces in the 1990s. The IFP claimed that the ANC was intent on undermining traditional authorities and the power of Zulu chiefs; the ANC saw a power struggle as the demise of apartheid was finalised.

Aftermath
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The incident triggered a state of emergency across eleven magisterial districts in the East Rand, as well as the whole of the Kwazulu-Natal province.[5][3][6]

In June 1995, ANC and then President Nelson Mandela claimed that he had given the order to defend Shell House, even if it should require killing people.[7] In 1995 Willem Ratte laid a complaint of murder against president Nelson Mandela at the police headquarters in Pretoria[8] for the Shell House massacre.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission granted amnesty to 11 people concerning the massacre.

See also

References
  1. Shell House Counter attack that was deadly Mail & Guardian, 9 June 1995
  2. Presentation by his Majesty King Zwelithini Goodwillka Bhekuzulu, King of the Zulu Nation to Mr. Nelson Mandela, President of the African National Congress, 8/04/94 South African Government Information
  3. ZeroEightyFour (27 September 2012). "The Death Of Apartheid - The Whites Last Stand" – via YouTube.
  4. "Police say IFP negligence led to massacre". Dispatch Online. 16 October 1997. p. 2. Archived from the original on 17 February 2005.
  5. du Toit, Pierre (1995). State Building and Democracy in Southern Africa: Botswana, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 244. ISBN 1878379461.
  6. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-04-03/news/9404030121_1_zulu-leader-inkatha-freedom-party-anc
  7. "The sad saga of KwaZulu-Natal". africafiles.org.
  8. Printer, Government; Government Printer (1996). "Debates of the National Assembly (Hansard)". Issues 10-12 (10–12): 3295. Retrieved 30 September 2012. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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