Scilla

Scilla (/ˈsɪlə/; squill)[2] is a genus of about 50 to 80[3] bulb-forming perennial herbs in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae,[4] native to woodlands, subalpine meadows, and seashores throughout Europe, Africa and the Middle-East. A few species are also naturalized in Australia, New Zealand and North America.[1][5][6] Their flowers are usually blue, but white, pink, and purple types are known; most flower in early spring, but a few are autumn-flowering. Several Scilla species are valued as ornamental garden plants.

For other uses, see Scilla (disambiguation).

Squill
Siberian squill (Scilla siberica)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Scilloideae
Genus: Scilla
L.
Synonyms[1]
  • Stellaris Fabr.
  • Stellaster Heist. ex Fabr
  • Lilio-Hyacinthus Ortega
  • Epimenidion Raf.
  • Ioncomelos Raf.
  • Lagocodes Raf.
  • Oncostema Raf.
  • Tractema Raf.
  • Genlisa Raf.
  • Chionodoxa Boiss.
  • Nectaroscilla Parl.
  • Adenoscilla Gren. & Godr.
  • Basaltogeton Salisb.
  • Hylomenes Salisb.
  • Monocallis Salisb.
  • Othocallis Salisb.
  • Petranthe Salisb.
  • Rinopodium Salisb.
  • Caloscilla Jord. & Fourr.
  • ×Chionoscilla J.Allen ex Nicholson
  • Apsanthea Jord. in C.T.A.Jordan & J.P.Fourreau
  • Autonoe (Webb & Berthel.) Speta
  • Chouardia Speta
  • Pfosseria Speta
  • Schnarfia Speta

Systematics

Scilla has most recently been classified as belonging to the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae; the subfamily was formerly treated as a separate family, Hyacinthaceae.[7] Prior to that it was placed in the tribe Hyacintheae of the family Liliaceae.

The precise number of Scilla species in the genus depends on which proposals to split the genus are accepted. Other proposals separate particularly the Eurasian species into a number of smaller genera such as Othocallis Salisb., e.g. Scilla siberica would become Othocallis siberica.

The common bluebell of British and European bluebell woods, still occasionally referred to by a former name, Scilla non-scripta, is now known as Hyacinthoides non-scripta. Several African species previously classified in Scilla have been removed to the genus Ledebouria. The best known of these is the common houseplant still sometimes known as Scilla violacea but now properly Ledebouria socialis.

Species

As of March 2020, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[8]

  • Scilla achtenii De Wild.
  • Scilla africana Borzí & Mattei
  • Scilla albanica Turrill
  • Scilla albinerve Yildirim & Gemici
  • Scilla alinihatiana Aslan & Yildirim
  • Scilla amoena L. – star squill, star hyacinth
  • Scilla andria Speta
  • Scilla antunesii Engl.
  • Scilla arenaria Baker
  • Scilla arsusiana Yildirim & Gemici
  • Scilla begoniifolia A.Chev.
  • Scilla benguellensis Baker
  • Scilla berthelotii Webb & Berthel.
  • Scilla bifolia L. – alpine squill
  • Scilla bilgineri Yildirim
  • Scilla bithynica Boiss. – Bithynian squill
  • Scilla buekkensis Speta
  • Scilla bussei Dammer
  • Scilla chlorantha Baker
  • Scilla ciliata Baker
  • Scilla cilicica Siehe
  • Scilla congesta Baker
  • Scilla cretica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Speta, syn. Chionodoxa cretica
  • Scilla cydonia Speta
  • Scilla dimartinoi Brullo & Pavone
  • Scilla dualaensis Poelln.
  • Scilla engleri T.Durand & Schinz
  • Scilla flaccidula Baker
  • Scilla forbesii (Baker) Speta, syn. Chionodoxa forbesii
  • Scilla gabunensis Baker
  • Scilla gracillima Engl.
  • Scilla haemorrhoidalis Webb & Berthel.
  • Scilla hildebrandtii Baker
  • Scilla huanica Poelln.
  • Scilla hyacinthoides L.
  • Scilla ingridiae Speta
  • Scilla jaegeri K.Krause
  • Scilla katendensis De Wild.
  • Scilla kladnii Schur
  • Scilla kurdistanica Speta
  • Scilla lakusicii Šilic
  • Scilla latifolia Willd. ex Schult.f.
  • Scilla laxiflora Baker
  • Scilla ledienii Engl.
  • Scilla leepii Speta
  • Scilla libanotica Speta
  • Scilla lilio-hyacinthus L. – Pyrenean squill
  • Scilla litardierei Breistr., syn. Chouardia litardierei, Scilla amethystina, Scilla pratensis, Scilla albanica, Scilla italica – amethyst meadow squill, Dalmatian scilla
  • Scilla lochiae (Meikle) Speta, syn. Chionodoxa lochiae
  • Scilla longistylosa Speta
  • Scilla luciliae (Boiss.) Speta, syn. Chionodoxa luciliae
  • Scilla lucis Speta
  • Scilla madeirensis Menezes – Madeiran squill
  • Scilla melaina Speta
  • Scilla merinoi S.Ortiz, Rodr.Oubiña & Izco
  • Scilla mesopotamica Speta
  • Scilla messeniaca Boiss.
  • Scilla mischtschenkoana Grossh., syn. Scilla tubergeniana – Tubergen squill
  • Scilla monanthos K.Koch
  • Scilla monophyllos Link
  • Scilla morrisii Meikle
  • Scilla nana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Speta, syn. Chionodoxa nana
  • Scilla nivalis Boiss.
  • Scilla oubangluensis Hua
  • Scilla paui Lacaita
  • Scilla peruviana L. – Portuguese squill, corymbose squill, Cuban lily
  • Scilla petersii Engl.
  • Scilla platyphylla Baker
  • Scilla pleiophylla Speta
  • Scilla pneumonanthe Speta
  • Scilla reuteri Speta
  • Scilla rosenii K.Koch
  • Scilla sardensis (Whittall ex Barr & Sugden) Speta, syn. Chionodoxa sardensis
  • Scilla schweinfurthii Engl.
  • Scilla siberica Andrews – Siberian squill
  • Scilla simiarum Baker
  • Scilla sodalicia N.E.Br.
  • Scilla subnivalis (Halácsy) Speta
  • Scilla tayloriana Rendle
  • Scilla textilis Rendle
  • Scilla uyuiensis Rendle.
  • Scilla vardaria Yildirim & Gemici
  • Scilla verdickii De Wild.
  • Scilla verna Huds. – spring squill
  • Scilla villosa Desf.
  • Scilla vindobonensis Speta
  • Scilla voethorum Speta
  • Scilla welwitschii Poelln.
  • Scilla werneri De Wild.

A hybrid has been named:

Formerly included

Cultivation and uses

Many Scilla species, notably S. siberica and members of section Chionodoxa, are grown in gardens for their attractive early spring flowers.

References
  1. Scilla L., Sp. Pl.: 308 (1753), Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. Sunset Western Garden Book (1995), Leisure Arts, pp. 606–607, ISBN 0376038519
  3. WCSP (2018), World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-05-09, search for "Scilla"
  4. Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Scilloideae
  5. Flora of North America, Scilla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 308. 1753, efloras.org
  6. Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Scilla includes European distribution maps
  7. Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 132–136, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
  8. "Scilla L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
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