Revelation 9

Revelation 9 is the ninth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle,[1][2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.[3] In this chapter, the next two angels' trumpets are sounded, following the sounding of the first four trumpets in chapter 8.[4] These two trumpets and the final trumpet, sounded in chapter 11, are sometimes called the "woe trumpets".[5]

Revelation 9
Revelation 1:13-2:1 on the verso side of Papyrus 98 from the second century.
BookBook of Revelation
CategoryApocalypse
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part27

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:[6][lower-alpha 1]

The Fifth Trumpet (9:1–11)
The seven angels with seven trumpets, and the angel with a censer, from the Bamberg Apocalypse.

Verse 1
Then the fifth angel sounded: And I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit.[8]

English nonconformist Moses Lowman explains that "stars, in the language of prophecy, signify angels.[9]

"The key to the bottomless pit" (Greek: ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς ἀβύσσου, hē kleis tou phreatos tēs abyssou) is translated as "the key to the shaft of the Abyss" in the New International Version.

Verse 3
Then out of the smoke locusts came upon the earth. And to them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.[10]

These locusts are 'a demonized version of the army of locusts in Joel 2:1-11'.[11]

Verse 4
They were commanded not to harm the grass of the earth, or any green thing, or any tree [12]

Early Methodist theologian Joseph Benson says that this instruction "demonstrates that they were not natural but symbolical locusts."[13]

Verse 11
Main article: Abaddon
And they had as king over them the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, but in Greek he has the name Apollyon.[14][15]

The Vulgate adds a Latin equivalent, latine habens nomen Exterminans, which the Wycliffe Bible explains as "Destroyer". The latter also describes the angel as "the angel of deepness".[16]

The Sixth Trumpet (9:12–21)

Verse 16
Now the number of the army of the horsemen was two hundred million; I heard the number of them.[17]

See also

Notes
  1. The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus.[7]

References
  1. Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882.
  2. Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281.
  3. F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
  4. Bauckham 2007, p. 1289.
  5. Barnes, A., Barnes' Notes on Revelation 9, accessed 29 October 2018
  6. Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
  7. Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
  8. Revelation 9:1 NKJV
  9. Lowman, M., Paraphrase and Notes upon the Revelation of St. John (1737, 1745; 1791, 1807), quoted by Joseph Benson in Benson Commentary on Revelation 9, accessed 31 October 2018
  10. Revelation 9:3 KJV
  11. Bauckham 2007, p. 1295.
  12. Revelation 9:4 KJV
  13. Benson, J., Benson Commentary on Revelation 9, accessed 31 October 2018
  14. Revelation 9:11 NKJV
  15. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible - Revelation 9:11
  16. Revelation 9:11: Wycliffe Bible
  17. Revelation 9:16 NKJV

Bibliography
  • Bauckham, Richard (2007). "81. Revelation". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1287–1306. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763).

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.