Resident Commissioner of the Philippines

Resident Commissioner of the Philippines
Inaugural holder	Benito Legarda; Pablo Ocampo
Formation	November 22, 1907
Final holder	Carlos P. Romulo
Abolished	July 4, 1946

The Resident Commissioner of the Philippines was a non-voting member of the United States House of Representatives sent by the Philippines from 1907 until its internationally recognized independence in 1946. It was similar to current non-voting members of Congress such as Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico and delegates from Washington, D.C., Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and other United States territories.

Like current non-voting members, Resident Commissioners could speak and otherwise participate in the business of the House, but did not have full voting rights. Two were sent until 1937 when after the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the number was changed to one.[1]

History

Philippine Commissioner J.M. Elizalde with future Philippine president Sergio Osmena and John W. Hausermann, (a Republican Party leader and goldmine owner in the Philippines), in 1938 or 1939, Library of Congress

The Philippines was a United States territory from 13 August 1898 until Philippine independence was internationally recognized on 4 July 1946.

The office was first created by the Philippine Organic Act (1902) section 8 and re-authorized on its subsequent replacements—the Jones Law of 1916 (known as the Philippine Autonomy Act) section 20, and the Tydings–McDuffie Act of 1934 (known as the Philippine Independence Act) section 7(5).

The procedures for appointment of the Resident Commissioners were ambiguous and a source of friction.[2] Under the Insular Government, they were appointed by the American government-appointed Philippine Commission with agreement of the fully elected, fully Filipino Philippine Assembly. This conflict ended when the Tydings-McDuffle Act dissolved the Commission and replaced it with the Philippine Senate, the upper house of the new Philippine Commonwealth legislature.

Resident commissioners

Territorial era
Picture	Resident commissioner (lifespan)	Party	Term start	Term end	Notes
	Benito Legarda (1853–1915)	Federalist (Republican)	November 22, 1907 60th Congress	March 3, 1912 62nd Congress	Retired
	Pablo Ocampo (1853–1925)	Democrat	November 22, 1907 60th Congress	November 22, 1909 61st Congress	Retired
	Manuel L. Quezón (1878–1944)	Nacionalista	November 23, 1909 61st Congress	October 15, 1916 64th Congress	Retired
	Manuel Earnshaw (1862–1936)	Nonpartisan	March 4, 1913 63rd Congress	March 3, 1917 64th Congress	Retired
	Jaime C. de Veyra (1873–1963)	Nacionalista	March 4, 1917 65th Congress	March 4, 1923 67th Congress	Retired
	Teodoro R. Yangco (1861–1939)	Nonpartisan	March 4, 1917 65th Congress	March 3, 1920 66th Congress	Retired
	Isauro Gabaldón (1875–1942)	Nacionalista	March 4, 1920 68th Congress	July 16, 1928 70th Congress	Resigned
	Pedro Guevara (1879–1938)	Nacionalista	March 4, 1923 67th Congress	February 14, 1936 74th Congress	Retired
	Camilo Osías (1889–1976)	Nacionalista	March 4, 1929 71st Congress	January 3, 1935 73rd Congress	Retired
	Francisco Afan Delgado (1886–1964)	Nacionalista	January 3, 1935 67th Congress	February 14, 1936 74th Congress	Retired
Commonwealth era
	Quintín Paredes (1884–1973)	Nacionalista	February 14, 1936 74th Congress	September 29, 1938 75th Congress	Resigned
	Joaquín Miguel Elizalde (1896–1965)	Nonpartisan	September 29, 1938 76th Congress	August 9, 1944 78th Congress	Resigned
	Carlos P. Romulo (1899–1985)	Liberal	August 10, 1944 78th Congress	July 4, 1946 79th Congress	Resigned; final Philippine representative

References

Dorothy B. Fujita-Rony (2003). American Workers, Colonial Power. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23095-7.
Kramer, Paul Alexander (2006). The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, & the Philippines. University of North Carolina Press. p. 325. ISBN 9780807856536.

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[1] Dorothy B. Fujita-Rony (2003). American Workers, Colonial Power. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23095-7.

[2] Kramer, Paul Alexander (2006). The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States, & the Philippines. University of North Carolina Press. p. 325. ISBN 9780807856536.

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Lists of former House members List of former senators

Resident Commissioner of the Philippines

History

Resident commissioners

See also

References