RNCHAMPS

RNCHAMPS (pronounced "R, N, champs") is a mnemonic acronym used to recall the types of shock. The mnemonic is alternately known as CRAMPS NH ("Cramps, New Hampshire") or NH-CRAMPS ("New Hampshire cramps").[1] Its utility in distinguishing types of shock has been discussed in medical literature and reference material concerning emergency medicine,[1] emergency medical services,[2] fire rescue,[3] and specialized courses such as the Comprehensive Advanced Life Support Program.[4]

The acronym
Component of acronym Examples: Traumatic Causes Examples: Medical Causes
R Respiratory Flail chest; tension pneumothorax; pleural effusion[2] Hypoxemia due to COPD, asthma, pulmonary edema[2]
N Neurogenic Traumatic brain injury; cervical or high thoracic spinal cord injury
C Cardiogenic Cardiac tamponade; tension pneumothorax; pulmonary embolism[5] Left ventricular myocardial infarction; cardiomyopathy; bradydysrhythmias[5][6]
H Hypovolemic Hemorrhage; burns (due to third spacing)[6] Dehydration; diarrheal diseases; aortic aneurysm[6]
A Anaphylactic Anaphylaxis[7]
M Metabolic Hypoventilation due to traumatic brain injury or tension pneumothorax[8] Diabetic ketoacidosis; hypoventilation due to COPD, asthma, or severe pneumonia[8]
P Psychogenic Sudden emotional stimulus, i.e. terror, elation, or surprise[6]
S Septic Osteomyelitis; infections secondary to burns[9] Meningitis; bacteremia; pyelonephritis; upper respiratory infection[9]

Alternatives

The Comprehensive Advanced Life Support (CALS) Program uses a slightly different acronym called "SHRIMPCAN."[4] This acronym adds the letter "I", which stands for "Ingestions" (drug overdoses). The remainder of the letters in the acronym stand for the same components as the RNCHAMPS mnemonic.[4]

References
  1. Emergency: Volume 28, Issues 7-12. Bobit Publishing Company. 1996. p. 28.
  2. Mistovich, Joseph J.; Karren, Keith J.; Hafen, Brent (July 18, 2013). Prehospital Emergency Care (10th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0133369137.
  3. Roosevelt, Jason (July 3, 2008). "Mobility and Movement: Shock". Phoenix Fire Department. p. 197.
  4. Comprehensive Advanced Life Support Provider Manual. 3rd (14th ed.). Comprehensive Advanced Life Support Program. January 2016. p. 693. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  5. Harjola VP, Lassus J 2015; et al. (2015). "Clinical picture and risk prediction of short-term mortality in cardiogenic shock" (PDF). European Journal of Heart Failure. 17 (5): 501–509. doi:10.1002/ejhf.260. PMID 25820680.
  6. Snyder, Ed; Walker, Melanie. "Shock" (PDF). Huntington Memorial Hospital. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  7. Kounis NG, Soufras GD, et al. (2013). "Anaphylactic Shock: Kounis Hypersensitivity-Associated Syndrome Seems to be the Primary Cause". North American Journal of Medical Sciences. United States National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. 5 (11): 631–636. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.122304. PMC 3877435. PMID 24404540.
  8. Vincent J-L; De Backer D 2013 (2013). "Circulatory Shock" (PDF). New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (18): 1726–1734. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1208943. PMID 24171518.
  9. Angus DC; van der Poll, T 2013 (Aug 2013). "Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock". New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (9): 840–851. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1208623. PMID 23984731.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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