Qaladiza

Qalladze or Qeladizê (Kurdish: Qeladizê ,قەڵادزێ‎)[1][2] is a town in the Kurdistan Regional Government region in Iraqi Kurdistan, north of Sulaymaniyah, near the Iranian border. It is surrounded by mountains like many parts of Kurdistan. The town is located in a middle of Pshdar. Qalladze means "Castle of Two Rivers" from the Kurdish words Qala= castle, dw= two and ze= river. In the south west of the City there is a Castle between two rivers.[3]

Qalladze

قەڵادزێ
Qalladze
Location within Iraq
Qalladze
Qalladze (Iraq)
Coordinates: 36°11′00″N 45°07′40″E
Country Iraq
Autonomous region Kurdistan Region
GovernorateSulaymaniyah
DistrictPshdar District
Elevation
2,895 ft (882 m)
Population
 (2018)
 • Total85,000
Time zoneUTC+3
Postal code
46016
Area code(s)+964
languageKurdish

History

The whole town was destroyed by government forces during the Iran–Iraq War and all residents were relocated to Bazian and other parts of Iraqi Kurdistan, but most of them in Bazzian, a small town located west of Sulimanyah. The people of Qalladze stayed there until the Kurdish uprising against Saddam Hussein's regime in 1991. Then they came back to their land. The town has continued to expand. A branch of the Sulaimania University was established there in 1974, but Iraqi government attacked it in April 24, 1974.[4]

At 9.15am on Wednesday 24 April 1974, Qalladze fell victim to Saddam Hussein first airstrike against the Kurds.[5] It was rumoured that the town attracted the eye of Saddam Hussein because the University of Slemani* had temporarily relocated to Qalladze on 1 April 1974 – under the command of leader Mustafa Barzani who led the Kurdish revolution. More than 425 students and teachers re-located to Qalladze as a show of solidarity to Mustafa Barzani's decision which angered the Ba’athi government. Bomber planes, rockets and internationally prohibited cannon fires set alight the town of Qalladze, the Ba’athist government had demolished the town of Qalladze and although we will never know an exact figure of fallen victims, it is said that more than 132 children and students alone were killed during the attacks, with over 400 Kurds injured or missing. Although the exact number of victims is unclear, some estimate that over 350 people, including students and teachers died.[6] Two days after the Iraqi government's first airstrike on the Kurds, attentions were turned to the town of Halabja – the second victim of Saddam Hussein's airstrikes.[7]

On 10 February 2013, the council ministers of the Kurdish Regional Government elected 24 April as the University Martyrs Day; a homage to the fallen martyrs of Sulaymaniyah University (now known as Salahaddin University).[8]

Climate

Qaladiza has a hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa) according to Köppen climate classification with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. Winter nights average below freezing and snow occasionally occurs.

Climate data for Qaladiza
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3)		 11.2
(52.2)		 15.8
(60.4)		 21.6
(70.9)		 28.7
(83.7)		 35.4
(95.7)		 39.3
(102.7)		 39.3
(102.7)		 35.1
(95.2)		 28.5
(83.3)		 19.4
(66.9)		 12.1
(53.8)		 24.7
(76.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2)		 6.4
(43.5)		 10.5
(50.9)		 15.8
(60.4)		 21.7
(71.1)		 27.9
(82.2)		 31.6
(88.9)		 31.5
(88.7)		 27.2
(81.0)		 21.2
(70.2)		 13.7
(56.7)		 7.3
(45.1)		 18.3
(65.0)
Average low °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1)		 1.6
(34.9)		 5.3
(41.5)		 10
(50)		 14.8
(58.6)		 20.4
(68.7)		 23.9
(75.0)		 23.8
(74.8)		 19.3
(66.7)		 14
(57)		 8
(46)		 2.6
(36.7)		 12.0
(53.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 144
(5.7)		 174
(6.9)		 129
(5.1)		 85
(3.3)		 41
(1.6)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 1
(0.0)		 8
(0.3)		 70
(2.8)		 104
(4.1)		 756
(29.8)
Source: Climate-Data[9]

References

  1. "Qeladizê…Di bûyerekî de kesekî jiyana xwe ji dest da" (in Kurdish). 4 November 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  2. "قەڵادزێ: دوو تۆمەتبار دەستگیركران" (in Kurdish). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  3. "QALA DIZA AS SULAYMANIYAH IRAQ Geography Population Map cities coordinates location - Tageo.com". www.tageo.com.
  4. "Baghdad should compensate victims of 1974 Qaladiza atrocities". Rudaw.
  5. "Iraq Crushes the Kurds". www.culturalsurvival.org.
  6. "Kurds Commemorate 43rd Anniversary of Qalladze Bombardment". BasNews English. 24 April 2017.
  7. "Qala Diza and surroundings. April 1991". pro.magnumphotos.com.
  8. "Qaladiza Unbelievable Kurdistan - Official Tourism Site of Kurdistan". bot.gov.krd.
  9. "Qaladiza climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Qaladiza weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org.
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