Psammosteidae

Psammosteidae is an extinct family of flattened, benthic heterostracan vertebrates that lived in marine and estuary environments in Europe, Russia & North America. They arose during the Early Devonian, with the first (and best) known genus, Drepanaspis from the Hunsrück lagerstätte. The Psammosteids were the only heterostracans that survived the Upper Frasnian extinction event during the Late Devonian, dying out in the extinction event at the very end of the Devonian.

Life reconstruction of Psammolepis venyukovi

Psammosteidae Temporal range: 416–359 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Early to Late Devonian
Drepanaspis gemuendina and Tiaraspis subtilis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Superclass:	Agnatha
Class:	†Pteraspidomorphi
Subclass:	†Heterostraci
Order:	†Pteraspidiformes
Suborder:	†Psammosteida
Family:	†Psammosteidae
Genera
Drepanaspis Pycnosteus Psammolepis Schizosteus Tartuosteus

Many of the Late Devonian genera, such as Psammolepis, were among the largest heterostracans ever, growing to be at least 1.5 metres in width.