Prospero

Prospero (/ˈprɒspəroʊ/ PROS-pər-o) is a fictional character and the protagonist of William Shakespeare's play The Tempest. Prospero is the rightful Duke of Milan, whose usurping brother, Antonio, had put him (with his three-year-old daughter, Miranda) to sea on a "rotten carcass" of a boat to die, twelve years before the play begins. Prospero and Miranda had survived and found exile on a small island. He has learned sorcery from books, and uses it while on the island to protect Miranda and control the other characters.

For other uses, see Prospero (disambiguation).

Prospero
The Tempest character
Prospero and Miranda by William Maw Egley
Created byWilliam Shakespeare

Before the play has begun, Prospero frees the spirit Ariel from entrapment within "a cloven pine". Prospero then takes Ariel as a slave. About him, Prospero states:

It was mine Art,

When I arrived and heard thee, that made gape

The pine and let thee out.

— The Tempest, Act 1, scene 2.

Prospero's sorcery is sufficiently powerful to control Ariel and other spirits, as well as to alter weather and even raise the dead: "Graves at my command have waked their sleepers, oped, and let 'em forth, by my so potent Art."- Act V, scene 1.

On the island, Prospero becomes master of the monster Caliban (the son of Sycorax, a malevolent witch) and forces Caliban into submission by punishing him with magic if he does not obey. Ariel is beholden to Prospero after he is freed from his imprisonment inside the pine tree.

At the end of the play, Prospero intends to drown his book and renounce magic. In the view of the audience, this may have been required to make the ending unambiguously happy, as magic was associated with diabolical works; he will drown his books for the same reason that Doctor Faust, in an earlier play by Christopher Marlowe, promised in vain to burn his books.[1]

Prospero's speech

The Tempest is believed to be the last play Shakespeare wrote alone.[2][3][4] In this play there are two candidate soliloquies by Prospero, which critics have taken to be Shakespeare's own "retirement speech".

One person's speech is the "Cloud-capp'd towers...".[2][3]

  Our revels now are ended: These our actors—,
  As I foretold you—, were all spirits and
  Are melted into air, into thin air;
  And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
  The cloud-capp’d towers, the gorgeous palaces,
  The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
  Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve
  And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
  Leave not a rack behind: we are such stuff
  As dreams are made on, and our little life
  Is rounded with a sleep. — The Tempest, Act 4, Scene 1

[2][3]

The final soliloquy and epilogue is the other candidate.[4]

  Now my charms are all o'erthrown,
  And what strength I have's mine own,
  Which is most faint: now, 'tis true,
  I must be here confined by you,
  Or sent to Naples. Let me not,
  Since I have my dukedom got
  And pardon'd the deceiver, dwell
  In this bare island by your spell;
  But release me from my bands
  With the help of your good hands:
  Gentle breath of yours my sails
  Must fill, or else my project fails,
  Which was to please. Now I want
  Spirits to enforce, art to enchant,
  And my ending is despair,
  Unless I be relieved by prayer,
  Which pierces so that it assaults
  Mercy itself and frees all faults.
  As you from crimes would pardon'd be,
  Let your indulgence set me free.

Portrayals

Stage

Portrayals of Prospero in Royal Shakespeare Company productions include:

Portrayals of Prospero at the Old Vic include:

Portrayals of Prospero for the New York Shakespeare Festival include:

Portrayals of Prospero for the Globe Theatre include:

Portrayals of Prospero for the Stratford Shakespeare Festival include:

Other stage portrayals of Prospero include:

Film and television

Prospero-esque characters have included:

  • Paul Mazursky's film Tempest (1982) starring John Cassavetes as "Philip Dimitrius", who is an exile of his own cynical discontent, ego and self-betrayal and who abandons America for a utopian "kingdom" on a secluded Greek isle.
  • The 1998 TV movie The Tempest, set in a Mississippi bayou during the American Civil War, based on Shakespeare's play and starring Peter Fonda as "Gideon Prosper", a Prospero-esque plantation owner who has learned voodoo from his slaves.

Audio

Audio portrayals of Prospero include:

  • In the comic book series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill, Prospero appears as a founding member of the first such grouping in 1610, alongside his familiars Caliban and Ariel.
  • Paul Prospero, the protagonist of The Vanishing of Ethan Carter (2014), is named after Prospero.[10]
  • In John Bellairs's novel The Face in the Frost (1969), one of the protagonists is a wizard named Prospero ("and not the one you're thinking of") .
  • In The Horus Heresy series, several books take place on a planet called Prospero. The citizens of the planet are versed in sorcery and psychic powers, earning them the suspicion and ire of the rest of the Imperium of Man.[11]
  • Melon Cauliflower, by New Zealand playwright Tom McCrory, is about a man Prospero, in his late sixties, who struggles to come to terms with the death of his wife and has mistreated his daughter Miranda.[12]
  • "The Masque of the Red Death", by Edgar Allan Poe, is set at the manor of a Prince Prospero
  • In the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation by Gene Roddenberry and CBS / Paramount Pictures, Prospero appears briefly played by Lt. Cmdr. Data (Brent Spiner) during the beginning of Season 7 Episode 23 entitled 'Emergence'. He recites some lines of Prospero's speech before asking Captain Picard (Patrick Stewart) to provide some insight into the character of Prospero and Shakespeare's The Tempest in general. This may be a coincidence or a deliberate reference to Stewart’s appearance as Prospero on Broadway the following year, a booking which may have been known by the writers.
  • In the mobile game Star Trek Timelines a character was released in February 2017 called Prospero Data, recalling the character's appearance in the previously mentioned Star Trek: The Next Generation episode.
  • A good wizard named Prospero appears in Polish children's animated cartoon Miś Fantazy[13] based on the books by Ewa Karwan-Jastrzębska.
  • Prospero is the main antagonist in season 2 of TV series The Librarians. This version of Prospero (Richard Cox) is a Fictional, a character brought to life by magic, and has become bitter over the way his story was written, as he feels it was made without his consent. After regaining his book and obtaining the Staff of Zarathustra, he imprisons the Librarians within his illusions, but his servant Ariel (an actual fairy rather than a character) rebels and frees them. Prospero subsequently begins to reshape the world in his image, while also possessing his creator Shakespeare in order to change the past. The Librarians destroy his staff and exorcise him from Shakespeare's body, banishing him back to his original story.
  • In episode 1 of the video game Life is Strange: Before the Storm, the drama students of Blackwell Academy are seen rehearsing for their upcoming play, The Tempest. The character, Rachel Amber, playing Prospero.
  • In the manga series One Piece, a character with the name Perospero appears in chapter 834, partly inspired by Prospero. His mother, Charlotte Linlin also seems to be inspired by the character as she is the one to use magic to control everything on the Island with her soul.
  • The novels and television series The Expanse use several Shakespearean allusions, including "Caliban" in reference to monstrous human-alien hybrids, and correspondingly "Prospero Station", a research facility that was developing and controlling them.
  • In the national bestseller The Night Circus by Erin Morgenstern, magician Hector Bowen, father of protagonist Celia Bowen, goes by the name of Prospero whilst performing.
  • In the season 30 episode of The Simpsons titled "I'm Just a Girl Who Can't Say D'oh", Sideshow Mel leaves a play Marge is directing to play Prospero and is replaced by Professor Frink.
  • In the universe of Warhammer: 40,000 Prospero was the name of a planet inhabited with humans who were proficient in an analogue of magic. The planet was ruled by a sorcerer king, Magnus The Red, who was later betrayed by his brother to overthrow their father who was the Emperor of Mankind.

References
  1. "The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, by Christopher Marlowe". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
  2. Shakespeare, William (1913). "Act 4, Scene 1". In Horne, David (ed.). The Tempest (Revised hardcover ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 72. ...it was probably Shakespeare's last effort.
  3. Jacobs, M W. "Shakespeare's Parting Words". HuffingtonPost. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  4. Shakespeare, William; Guthrie,Tyrone (1958). "The Tempest". In Alexander, Peter (ed.). The Comedies. New York: The Heritage Press. p. 4. Shakespeare himself was at the end of his career, and it is hardly possible not to see,...in Prospero's resignation of his magic a reflection of Shakespeare's own farewell to his art.
  5. https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/28/archives/stage-new-approach-to-the-tempest-on-coast-those-are-pearls.html
  6. https://variety.com/2003/legit/reviews/the-tempest-19-1200542991
  7. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/theater/reviews/la-et-cm-the-tempest-review-20180625-story.html
  8. https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2018/13/thetempest
  9. http://www.mwotrc.com/rr2005_08/shakespeare.htm
  10. "On The Vanishing of Ethan Carter's Ending (EXTREME SPOILERS)". Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  11. "Prospero Burns publisher summary". Archived from the original on 13 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  12. McCrory, Tom. Melon Cauliflower (PDF). RadioNZ. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2013.
  13. "Miś Fantazy". vod.tvp.pl. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
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