President of Rhodesia

On 11 November 1965, Ian Smith's Rhodesian Front Government proclaimed the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from the United Kingdom. On orders from the UK, the then-Governor of Southern Rhodesia, Sir Humphrey Gibbs, immediately sacked Smith and his cabinet. This action was ignored by Smith, who stated that the UDI brought into immediate force a new constitution which dispensed with the position of Governor – and with it, his reserve power to sack them.

The new constitution reconstituted Rhodesia as a Commonwealth realm. It recognised Queen Elizabeth II as "Queen of Rhodesia," with a Governor-General as her representative in the country. In lieu of the appointment of a Governor-General, an "Officer Administering the Government" would exercise the functions of the Governor-General.

Smith had intended to name Deputy Prime Minister Clifford Dupont as Governor-General. However, Queen Elizabeth II would not even consider Smith's "advice" to appoint Dupont as her representative. Instead, Whitehall insisted that Gibbs was the Queen's only legitimate representative, and hence the only lawful authority in what it still maintained was the Colony of Southern Rhodesia – a position backed by most of the international community.

For five years, Smith and his government continued to profess loyalty to Queen Elizabeth II and recognised her as Rhodesia's head of state. Indeed, the UDI announcement ended with the words "God Save The Queen." However, in 1969, Smith decided to sever constitutional links with Britain, by making the country a republic. At a referendum that year, the mostly white electorate voted overwhelmingly in favour of a republic.

Rhodesia was formally proclaimed a republic in 1970, and Dupont assumed the office of president. Smith's position as prime minister remained unchanged. A presidential flag was adopted, featuring a blue field with the coat of arms in the centre. Following the model of the State President of South Africa, Rhodesian Presidents had little de facto executive power, and mostly acted on the advice of the Prime Minister.

Dupont resigned due to ill health in 1975. He was succeeded as President in 1976 by John Wrathall, who died in office in 1978. In 1979 there was an Internal Settlement, which saw a black majority government for the first time, and the country was renamed Zimbabwe Rhodesia. Josiah Zion Gumede was chosen as President. Like the UDI and the declaration of a republic, Zimbabwe Rhodesia was unrecognised internationally and in 1979, Britain resumed control of the rebel colony under the Lancaster House Agreement. Britain appointed Lord Soames as Governor until the country became independent within the Commonwealth of Nations as Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980.

Parties

  Rhodesian Front

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Took office	Left office	Political party
Officer Administering the Government (1965–1970)[2]
—	Clifford Dupont (1905–1978)		11 November 1965	2 March 1970	Rhodesian Front
Presidents of the Republic of Rhodesia (1970–1979)
1	Clifford Dupont (1905–1978)		16 April 1970 Acting since 2 March 1970	31 December 1975 (Resigned)	Rhodesian Front
—	Henry Everard (1897–1980) Acting President		31 December 1975	14 January 1976	Rhodesian Front
2	John Wrathall (1913–1978)		14 January 1976	31 August 1978 (Died in office)	Rhodesian Front
—	Henry Everard (1897–1980) Acting President		31 August 1978	1 November 1978	Rhodesian Front
—	Jack William Pithey (1903–?) Acting President		1 November 1978	5 March 1979	Rhodesian Front
—	Henry Everard (1897–1980) Acting President		5 March 1979	1 June 1979	Rhodesian Front

• Humphrey Gibbs, 87, of Rhodesia And a Foe of White Rebels, Dies

• Governor of Southern Rhodesia
• Prime Minister of Rhodesia
• President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
• President of Zimbabwe