Polydeuces (moon)

Polydeuces /ˌpɒlɪˈdjuːsiːz/, or Saturn XXXIV, is a small natural satellite of Saturn that is co-orbital with the moon Dione and librates around its trailing Lagrangian point (L5). Its diameter is estimated to be 2–3 km.[5] Dione's other co-orbital moon is Helene, which is bigger and located at the leading L4 point.[6]

Polydeuces
Saturn's moon Polydeuces, as imaged by the Cassini spacecraft
Discovery
Discovered byCassini Imaging Science Team
Discovery dateOctober 24, 2004
Designations
Designation
Saturn XXXIV
Pronunciation/ˌpɒlɪˈdjuːsiːz/[1]
Named after
Πολυδεύκης Polydeykēs
Dione C
S/2004 S 5
AdjectivesPolydeucean /ˌpɒlɪdjuːˈsiːən/[2] Polydeucian /ˌpɒlɪˈdjuːsiən/[3]
Orbital characteristics [4]
377,396 km [lower-alpha 1]
Eccentricity0.0192 [4]
2.736915 d [lower-alpha 1]
Inclination0.1774 ± 0.0015° [4]
Satellite ofSaturn
GroupL5 Dione trojan
Physical characteristics
Dimensions3 × 2.5 × 2 km[5]
Mean radius
1.3 ± 0.4 km[5]
Mass1–5 ×1013 kg [lower-alpha 2]
assumed synchronous

    Polydeuces was discovered by the Cassini Imaging Team on October 24, 2004,[7] in images taken on October 21, 2004,[8][9] and given the temporary designation S/2004 S 5. Subsequent searches of earlier Cassini imaging showed it in images as far back as April 9, 2004.[7] Of the four known Lagrangian co-orbitals in the Saturn system ('trojan moon'), Polydeuces wanders the farthest from its Lagrangian point: its distance behind Dione varies from 33.9° to 91.4° with a period of 790.931 days (for comparison, L5 trails Dione by 60°).[4] Polydeuces's libration is large enough that it takes on some qualities of a tadpole orbit, as evidenced by the clear asymmetry between excursions towards and away from Dione. In the course of one such cycle, Polydeuces's orbital radius also varies by about ± 7660 km with respect to Dione's.[7]

    The name Polydeuces was approved by the IAU Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature on January 21, 2005.[10] In Greek mythology, Polydeuces is another name for Pollux, twin brother of Castor, son of Zeus and Leda.

    Due to gravitational interactions with Dione, its surface may be in hydrostatic equilibrium but not its interior, similar to Methone being in hydrostatic equilibrium due to interactions with Mimas.

    Animation of Polydeuces's orbit relative to Saturn and Dione
      Polydeuces  ·   Helene ·   Dione ·   Saturn

    See also

    Notes
    1. The mean semi-major axis and period must be identical to Dione's.
    2. based on density 0.5–2 g/cm³

    References
    1. "Polydeuces". Lexico UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
    2. Lundström (1997) Eranos, v. 95
    3. Levin (1971) Apollonius' Argonautica, v. 1, p. 139
    4. Spitale Jacobson et al. 2006.
    5. Thomas, P. C. (July 2010). "Sizes, shapes, and derived properties of the saturnian satellites after the Cassini nominal mission" (PDF). Icarus. 208 (1): 395–401. Bibcode:2010Icar..208..395T. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    6. Patrick Moore; Robin Rees (2014). Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy. Cambridge University Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-139-49522-6.
    7. Murray Cooper et al. 2005.
    8. Porco Baker et al. 2005.
    9. IAUC 8432.
    10. IAUC 8471.

    Further reading
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