Plagiorhynchidae

Plagiorhynchidae is a family of parasitic Acanthocephalan worms.

Plagiorhynchidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Palaeacanthocephala
Order: Polymorphida
Family: Plagiorhynchidae
Golvan, 1960

Species

Genera in Plagiorhynchidae are divided into three subfamilies: Plagiorhynchinae, Porrorchinae, and Sphaerechinorhynchinae.[1][lower-alpha 1]

Plagiorhynchinae Meyer, 1931

Paralueheia Saxena & Gupta, 2008

  • Paralueheia guptai Saxena & Gupta, 2008

Species in Plagiorhynchus are divided into two subgenera: Plagiorhynchus and Prosthorhynchus.[2]

Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911
  • Plagiorhynchus allisonae Smales, 2002
  • Plagiorhynchus aznari[3]

P. aznari was found infesting a long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) from northern Mexico.[3]

  • Plagiorhynchus charadrii Yamaguti, 1939)
  • Plagiorhynchus charadriicola Dollfus, 1953)
  • Plagiorhynchus crassicollis Villot, 1875)
  • Plagiorhynchus freitasi Vicente, 1977
  • Plagiorhynchus karachiensis Muti-ur-Rahman, Khan, Khatoon and Bilqees, 2008
  • Plagiorhynchus lemnisalis Belopolskaya, 1958
  • Plagiorhynchus linearis Westrumb, 1821)
  • Plagiorhynchus menurae Johnston, 1912)
  • Plagiorhynchus odhneri Lundström, 1942
  • Plagiorhynchus paulus Van Cleave and Williams, 1950
  • Plagiorhynchus pigmentatus de Marval, 1902)
  • Plagiorhynchus ponticus Lisitsyna, 1992
  • Plagiorhynchus rectus Linton, 1892)
  • Plagiorhynchus rosai Porta, 1910)
  • Plagiorhynchus rostratus de Marval, 1902)
  • Plagiorhynchus totani Porta, 1910)
  • Plagiorhynchus urichi Cameron, 1936)

Prosthorhynchus Kostylew, 1915
  • Plagiorhynchus angrensis Travassos, 1926)
  • Plagiorhynchus asturi Gupta and Lata, 1967)
  • Plagiorhynchus asymmetricus Belopolskaya, 1983)
  • Plagiorhynchus bullocki Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
  • Plagiorhynchus cossyphicola Smales, 2010
  • Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus Goeze, 1782)

P. cylindraceus was found infesting the Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii) in central Chile.[4] Janice Moore [5] discovered P. cylindraceus to be a parasite that infects an intermediate host, the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare, which alters its behavior and becomes more susceptible to P. cylindraceus' primary host, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris).

  • Plagiorhynchus deysarkari Bhattacharya, 2002
  • Plagiorhynchus digiticephalus Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008
  • Plagiorhynchus gallinagi Schachtachtinskaja, 1953)
  • Plagiorhynchus genitopapillatus Lundström, 1942)
  • Plagiorhynchus golvani Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966
  • Plagiorhynchus gracilis Petrochenko, 1958)
  • Plagiorhynchus kuntzi Gupta and Fatma, 1988
  • Plagiorhynchus limnobaeni Tubangui, 1933)
  • Plagiorhynchus longirostris Travassos, 1926)
  • Plagiorhynchus luehei Travassos, 1916)
  • Plagiorhynchus malayensis Tubangui, 1935)
  • Plagiorhynchus megareceptaclis Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008
  • Plagiorhynchus nicobarensis Soota and Kansal, 1970)
  • Plagiorhynchus ogatai Fukui and Morisita, 1936)
  • Plagiorhynchus pittarum Tubangui, 1935)
  • Plagiorhynchus reticulatus Westrumb, 1821)
  • Plagiorhynchus rheae de Marval, 1902)
  • Plagiorhynchus rossicus Kostylew, 1915)
  • Plagiorhynchus russelli Tadros, 1970
  • Plagiorhynchus schmidti Golvan, 1994)
  • Plagiorhynchus scolopacidis Kostylew, 1915)
  • Plagiorhynchus transversus Rudolphi, 1819)
  • Plagiorhynchus varispinus Wang, 1966)

Porrorchinae Golvan, 1956
  • Lueheia Travassos, 1919
    • Lueheia adlueheia (Werby, 1938)
    • Lueheia cajabambensis Machado-Filho and Ibanez, 1967
    • Lueheia inscripta (Westrumb, 1821)

L. inscripta was found infesting the Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii) in central Chile.[4] It has also been found in the Puerto Rican lizard Anolis cristatellus.[6]

    • Lueheia karachiensis Khan, Bilqees and Muti-ur-Rahman, 2005
    • Lueheia lueheia Travassos, 1919
  • Oligoterorhynchus Monticelli, 1914
    • Oligoterorhynchus campylurus (Nitzsch, 1857)
  • Owilfordia Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
    • Owilfordia olseni Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
    • Owilfordia schmidti Gupta and Fatma, 1988
    • Owilfordia teliger (Van Cleave, 1949)
  • Porrorchis Fukui, 1929
    • Porrorchis aruensis Smales, 2010
    • Porrorchis bazae (Southwell and Macfie, 1925)
    • Porrorchis brevicanthus (Das, 1949)
    • Porrorchis centropi (Porta, 1910)
    • Porrorchis centropusi (Tubangui, 1933)
    • Porrorchis chauhani Gupta and Fatma, 1986
    • Porrorchis crocidurai Gupta and Fatma, 1986
    • Porrorchis elongatus Fukui, 1929
    • Porrorchis heckmanni Bilqees, Khan, Khatoon and Khatoon, 2007
    • Porrorchis herpistis Bhattacharya, 2007
    • Porrorchis houdemeri (Joyeux and Baer, 1935)
    • Porrorchis hydromuris (Edmonds, 1957)
    • Porrorchis hylae (Johnston, 1914)
    • Porrorchis indicus (Das, 1957)
    • Porrorchis jonesae Muti-ur-Rahman, Khan, Khatoon and Bilqees, 2010
    • Porrorchis keralensis George and Nadakal, 1984
    • Porrorchis kinsellai Lisitsyna, Tkach and Bush, 2012
    • Porrorchis leibyi Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
    • Porrorchis maxvachoni (Golvan and Brygoo, 1965)
    • Porrorchis nickoli Salgado-Maldonado and Cruz-Reyes, 2002
    • Porrorchis oti Yamaguti, 1939
    • Porrorchis rotundatus (von Linstow, 1897)
    • Porrorchis tyto Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008
  • Pseudogordiorhynchus Golvan, 1957
    • Pseudogordiorhynchus antonmeyeri Golvan, 1957
  • Pseudolueheia Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
    • Pseudolueheia arunachalensis Bhattacharya, 2007
    • Pseudolueheia boreotis (Van Cleave and Williams, 1951)
    • Pseudolueheia korathai Gupta and Fatma, 1988
    • Pseudolueheia pittae Schmidt and Kuntz, 1967
    • Pseudolueheia tongsoni Salcedo and Celis, 2007

Sphaerechinorhynchinae Golvan, 1956
  • Sphaerechinorhynchus Johnston, 1929
    • Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus Amin, Wongsawad, Marayong, Saehoong, Suwattanacoupt and Say, 1998

S. macropisthospinus has been found in the intestine of the tiger (Panthera tigris) and a water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Vietnam.[7]

    • Sphaerechinorhynchus maximesospinus Amin, Ha and Heckmann, 2008
    • Sphaerechinorhynchus ophiograndis Bolette, 1997
    • Sphaerechinorhynchus rotundocapitatus (Johnston, 1912)
    • Sphaerechinorhynchus serpenticola Schmidt and Kuntz, 1966

Hosts

Plagiorhynchidae species parasitize a variety of hosts.

  • Hosts for Plagiorhynchidae species
  • The Long-billed curlew is a hosts of Plagiorhynchus aznari
  • The Austral thrush is a hosts of Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus and Lueheia inscripta
  • The Tiger is a hosts of Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus
  • The Asian water monitor is a hosts of Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus

Notes
  1. A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.

References
  1. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=64294
  2. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=197637
  3. García-Varela, M., Park, J., Hernández-Orts, J., & Pinacho-Pinacho, C. (2020). Morphological and molecular data on a new species of Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911 (Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae) from the long-billed curlew (Numenius americanus) from northern Mexico. Journal of Helminthology, 94, E61. doi:10.1017/S0022149X19000543
  4. Llanos-Soto, Sebastián, Córdoba, Mabel, Moreno, Lucila, Kinsella, John Mike, Mironov, Sergey, Cicchino, Armando, Barrientos, Carlos, Martín-Ordenes, Julio San, & González-Acuña, Daniel. (2019). External and intestinal parasites of the Austral thrush Turdus falcklandii (Aves, Turdidae) in central Chile. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 28(3), 432-442. Epub September 16, 2019.https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019067 url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612019000300432&tlng=en
  5. Moore, J. (1983). Responses of an Avian Predator and Its Isopod Prey to an Acanthocephalan Parasite. Ecology, 64(5), 1000-1015. doi:10.2307/1937807
  6. Hailey, Adrian (21 November 2019). "Anolis cristatellus (Puerto Rican crested anole)". Invasive Species Compendium. CAB International. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5479254_New_and_Already_Known_Acanthocephalans_Mostly_from_Mammals_in_Vietnam_with_Descriptions_of_Two_New_Genera_and_Species_in_Archiacanthocephala
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