Pitcairnioideae

The Pitcairnioideae comprise the terrestrial subfamily of the bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) with over 1000 species in 16 genera. Unlike the many epiphytes and lithophytes which make up the rest of the family, with a few exceptions, all of the members of this subfamily are either terrestrial or saxicolous. Common to arid and high-altitude regions, this subfamily is considered to have the most ancient lineage, more closely resembling its grassy relatives than the exotic novelties represented in the other two subfamilies. The commonly cultivated genera from this group include Dyckia, Hechtia, Pitcairnia, and Puya.

Pitcairnioideae
Pitcairnia grafii inflorescence
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Bromeliaceae
Subfamily: Pitcairnioideae
Genera

See text.

Description

Most Pitcairnioideae leaves are fleshy with heavy spines on the edges, and resemble agave. Their blooms contain dry capsules with small, wingless seeds. Like most plants, and unlike most other bromeliads, this group has a developed root system to gather water and nutrients. Similarly, not all pitcairnioid leaves grow in an effective cup to catch water as is seen in the other families. Leaf trichomes are present in the Pitcairnioideae, but are not effective in gathering nutrients; the trichomes, however, can be sufficiently thick so as to provide a frost barrier essential to its survival (e.g. Puya laxa).

Genera

The 16 genera are:

ImageGenusNumber of living species
Brewcaria L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob.6
Brocchinia Schult.f. ex Schult. & Schult.f.20
Connellia N.E.Br.6
Cottendorfia Schult.f.1
Deuterocohnia Mez18
Dyckia Schult.f.130
Encholirium Schult.f.22
Fosterella L.B.Sm.30
Hechtia Klotzsch52
Lindmania 38
Navia 93
Pepinia Brongn. ex André57
Pitcairnia L'Hér.331
Puya Molina219
Sequencia (L.B.Sm.) Givnish1
Steyerbromelia L.B.Sm.6

References
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