Paul Tudor Jones

Paul Tudor Jones II (born September 28, 1954) is an American billionaire hedge fund manager, conservationist[6] and philanthropist. In 1980, he founded his hedge fund, Tudor Investment Corporation, an asset management firm headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. Eight years later he founded the Robin Hood Foundation, which focuses on poverty reduction.

Paul Tudor Jones
Born
Paul Tudor Jones II

(1954-09-28) September 28, 1954
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.[1]
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Virginia
OccupationHedge fund manager
Years active1980–present
Known for
Net worthUS$5.1 billion (May 2020)[2]
TitleCEO, Tudor Investment Corporation
Board member of
• The Weinstein Company 2015-2017[4]
Spouse(s)
Sonia Jones (m. 1988)
[5]
Children4

Early life and education

Jones was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Paul Tudor Jones II's father John Paul "Jack" Jones practiced transportation law from an office located next door to The Daily News, a publication his family has owned and operated since 1886 and where Jack Jones was the publisher for 34 years.[7]

Jones graduated from Presbyterian Day School, an all-boys elementary school, before attending Memphis University School for high school. Jones then went on to the University of Virginia where he was a welterweight boxing champion.[8] While at the University of Virginia, Jones was president of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.[9] To pay for tuition, Jones wrote for his family's paper under the pseudonym Paul Eagle.[9]

In 1976, he earned a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Virginia.[10] In the 1980s, Jones was accepted to Harvard Business School but did not attend.[11]

Career

1976 New York Cotton Exchange

In 1976 after graduating from the University of Virginia Jones asked his cousin William Dunavant Jr. for an introduction to trading.[10] Dunavant was the CEO of Dunavant Enterprises, one of the world's largest cotton merchants. Dunavant sent Jones to talk with commodity broker Eli Tullis in New Orleans. Tullis represented some of the largest cotton traders in the world. Tullis hired Jones and mentored him in trading cotton futures at the New York Cotton Exchange.[10] Eli Tullis fired Jones when he fell asleep at his desk after a night of partying in New Orleans.[12] Many years later Jones served as treasurer in 1986 and then as chairman of the New York Cotton Exchange from August 1992 through June 1995.[13]

1976―1980 E. F. Hutton & Co.

At 24 years old Jones became a commodities broker for E. F. Hutton & Co.[10] While working at E.F. Hutton Jones met, worked with and became friends with Glenn Dubin.[14]

1980—present: Tudor Investment Corporation

Jones' firm manages $7.8 billion (as of June 30, 2019).[15] Their investment capabilities are broad and diverse, including global macro trading, fundamental equity investing in the U.S. and Europe, emerging markets, venture capital, commodities, event-driven strategies, and technical trading systems.

The Tudor Group, consisting of Tudor Investment Corporation and its affiliates, is involved in active trading, investing, and research in assets across fixed income, currencies, equities, and commodities asset classes and related derivative and other instruments in the global markets for an international clientele. The investment strategies of the Tudor Group include, among others, discretionary global macro, quantitative global macro (managed futures), discretionary equity long/short, quantitative equity market neutral and growth equity.

Fees - Although the hedge fund industry standard is two percent per annum of assets under management and twenty percent of the profits, Tudor Investment Corp. charges four percent per annum of assets under management and twenty-three percent of the profits.[16]

1980 Founding - In 1980, Jones founded Tudor Investment Corporation,[17] an asset management firm headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. Dunavant and Tullis were among Tudor's first clients. In one of Princeton, New Jersey-based Commodities Corporation's first external investments, Jones had one of his first clients[13] who was at the time a relatively unknown young quantity was provided $30,000 to manage.[18]

Tudor (i.e. Jones) used his experience in trading cotton to branch into to other commodities and financial instruments such as stock-index contracts and currency futures.[13]

1987 Black Monday - One of Jones' earliest and major successes was predicting Black Monday in 1987, tripling his money during the event due to large short positions.[19]

In 1987 betting on a crash in the United States stock market Jones' Tudor' returned 125.9 percent after fees, earning an estimated $100 million.[1]

Peter Borish, second-in-command to Jones at Tudor Investment Corporation, anticipated the crash in 1987 by mapping the 1987 market against the market preceding the 1929 crash.[20]

1990s - Tudor achieved greater liquidity and thereby flexibility through Jones' chairmanship of the NYCE's Finex subsidiary.[13] Jones, with his colleague Hunt Taylor, was instrumental in the creation of FINEX, the financial futures division of the New York Board of Trade, and in the development of the their U.S. dollar index futures contract.

1990 - In 1990 as the Japanese equities bubble was bursting, Jones returned 87.4 percent through shorting the market.[1][13]

1991 - Jones closed the Tudor Select Fund, a futures fund, and returned investor capital.[13]

1994 SEC Settlement - In 1994 Tudor paid a fine of $800,000 (the second highest at the time) to the SEC to settle allegations of violating (while not admitting or denying wrongdoing) the uptick rule, part of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that prohibits the sale of a borrowed stock while the stock is declining.[21]

2000s - In 2014, the New York Times noted that returns for Tudor clients had "dimmed" over the decade[1] following Jones' "deliberate move to trade more conservatively, fewer big interest-rate and currency moves as central banks kept short-term rates near zero and more competition as the hedge fund universe has mushroomed.[1]

Investments

2012 - Castleton Commodities International

In October 2012, it was announced that Glenn Dubin, Paul Tudor Jones and Timothy Barakett were among a group of investors buying the merchant energy operation Louis Dreyfus Highbridge Energy ("LDH Energy") from Louis Dreyfus Company and Highbridge Capital Management, a New York-based hedge fund.[22] The new company was named Castleton Commodities International, LLC.[23]

Investment philosophy

As reported in Market Wizards and the press, Jones futures trading style and beliefs are as follows:[24]

  • Contrarian attempt to buy and sell turning points. Keeps trying the single trade idea until he changes his mind, fundamentally. Otherwise, he keeps cutting his position size down. Then he trades the smallest amount when his trading is at its worst.
  • Considers himself as a premier market opportunist. When he develops an idea, he pursues it from a very-low-risk standpoint until he has been proven wrong repeatedly, or until he changes his viewpoint.
  • Swing trader, the best money is made at the market turns. Has missed a lot of meat in the middle, but catches a lot of tops and bottoms.
  • Spends his day making himself happy and relaxed. Gets out of a losing position that is making him uncomfortable. Nothing's better than a fresh start. Key is to play great defense, not great offense.
  • Never average losers. Decreases his trading size when he is doing poorly, increase when he is trading well.
  • He has mental stops. If it hits that number, he is out no matter what. He uses not only price stops, but time stops.
  • Monitors the whole portfolio equity (risk) in real time.
  • He believes prices move first and fundamentals come second.
  • He doesn't care about mistakes made three seconds ago, but what he is going to do from the next moment on.
  • Don't be a hero. Don't have an ego. Always question yourself and your ability. Don't ever feel that you are very good. The second you do, you are dead.

Jones's global macro trading style is based primarily on technical analysis, as opposed to value investing, with an emphasis momentum factors driving markets.[25] In a 2000 interview, he suggested however he regretted not being more involved with venture investing in technology firms during the 1990s.[26]

Wealth

As of November 2019, Forbes Magazine estimated his net worth to be US$5.3 billion, making him the 343rd richest person on the Forbes 400 and the 7th highest-earning hedge fund manager.[2][27]

Giving Pledge - In 2019 Tudor Jones and his wife joined the Giving Pledge.[28] When Tudor Jones and his wife joined the Giving Pledge, they said "we were both raised in the Church," and cited several Bible references.[28]

Residencies - Jones lives in Greenwich, CT.[29]

Conservation

destroying wetlands - In 1990, Jones pleaded guilty to illegally destroying 86 acres of protected wetlands on his Maryland Eastern Shore hunting estate with 1,400 cubic yards of gravel, without a permit.[30] Jones was ordered to pay $1 million fine and $1 million in restitution to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and by pleading guilty avoided a possible one-year jail term for violating the Federal Clean Water Act.[30]

Everglades Foundation - In 1993, Jones co-founded the Everglades Foundation, which advocates for conservation of the Everglades, tropical wetlands in Florida.[31] He chairs the organization's board, which includes Jimmy Buffett, Jack Nicklaus, David Lawrence Jr., Jon L. Mills, and William Wrigley Jr. II, among others.[32]

American conservationist - In 2006 the New York Times described Jones as an American conservationist in reporting that in 2002, the Tanzanian government leased him the Grumeti reserve in Tanzania's western Serengeti.[6] The New York Times explains the conservation reporting "The reserves are really three contiguous hunting blocks with Sasakwa at the center: Grumeti Game Reserve, Fort Ikoma Open Area and Ikorongo Game Reserve. Hunting blocks are supposed to generate income for the central government and local districts through the sale of hunting licenses and trophy fees. Grumeti Reserves would make no financial sense, as far as the government is concerned, if the hunting revenues from these blocks simply vanished. Jones’s solution has been to pay the hunting fees and nearly eliminate hunting."[6]

Philanthropy

Underprivileged student graduation rates

1986 adopts sixth grade class - In 1986, after watching an episode of CBS News' 60 Minutes Jones adopted a sixth grade class in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn at an underperforming public school by guaranteeing college scholarships to students that graduated from high school.[9] His idea was this would be an incentive to students to engage in academics with his goal being that 90% of those students successfully complete high school. However, only 33% of the students in the class eventually graduated from high school. Jones believed he "vastly underestimated both the academic and social challenges facing [the students in the class he adopted]" and his program was "completely ill-equipped to [help them] in an efficient fashion."[33] In his 2009 speech, Jones explained that this major failure on his part taught him lessons he's applied in subsequent education efforts.[34]

In 2009, Jones delivered a commencement speech at the Buckley School about his experiences with failure and comebacks. He talked about failing to get 86 underserved students into college despite expense and effort later helped him start one of the most successful charter schools in New York.[35][36]

2004 founds charter school - In 2004 Jones founded the Excellence Charter School, the country's first all-boys charter school, located in the Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.[9]

He founded and chaired the Bedford Stuyvesant I Have A Dream Foundation, which puts local students in colleges.[37]

University of Virginia giving
Tudor Jones gave $44 million to his alma mater, the University of Virginia, for a sports and concert arena which the university named after his father.[1]

Jones has made large donations to his alma mater, the University of Virginia, including a $44 million donation, which went to the construction of a new basketball arena, named the John Paul Jones Arena, in honor of his father, an attorney who also attended the University of Virginia.[1] In April 2012, UVA announced the creation of a new Contemplative Sciences Center through a $12 million gift from Jones and his wife, Sonia.[1]

Robin Hood Foundation

Jones is the founder of the Robin Hood Foundation, a charitable organization that attempts to alleviate problems caused by poverty in New York City.[5] Backed mainly by hedge fund operators.[5] Other founding members include Peter Borish and Glenn Dubin.[38]

Just Capital

He set up the nonprofit Just Capital to help Americans learn about companies that are considered "just". The organization uses data to discover which companies are most involved with the priorities Americans find most important. The nonprofit uses an annual, multi-phase survey to find out what these priorities are. Just Capital also operates a for profit ETF (exchange traded fund) comprising only companies believed to be "just".[39]

Controversy

2012 Ousting of University of Virginia President Teresa A. Sullivan - In June 2012, he was reportedly a key figure in the controversial ousting of University of Virginia President Teresa A. Sullivan.[40] He penned an editorial supporting her resignation.[41] On June 26, 2012, The University of Virginia Board of Visitors unanimously voted to reinstate Sullivan.[42]

2013: Remarks on female traders - In 2013 the Washington Post posted a video to their site showing Jones at an April 2013 closed door investment roundtable at the University of Virginia responding to a question on the lack of diversity on the panel.[43] Jones answered saying that having a baby hurts the ability of women to focus on macro trading, where investors seek to profit from global equity, bond, currency and commodities markets.[10] The soundbite from Jones' five minute answer that received attention was: "As soon as that baby’s lips touched that girl’s bosom, forget it".[43][10] The Washington Post reported Jones' answer as meaning that: female traders are just as capable as male traders, but he believes they lose their focus once they become mothers.[43] Jones' comments quickly drew criticism from fellow traders, members of the media and others regarding mothers in his field of global macro trading.[43] Jones apologized soon afterwards[44] which did not cease the criticism he received.[10] Jones in a written statement sent to the Washington Post Jones stated that "My off-the-cuff remarks at the University of Virginia were with regard to global macro traders, who are on-call 24/7 and of whom there are likely only a few thousand successful practitioners in the world today. Macro trading requires a high degree of skill, focus and repetition. Life events, such as birth, divorce, death of a loved one and other emotional highs and lows are obstacles to success in this specific field of finance."[10]

2017: Harvey Weinstein friendship - Jones was a friend of alleged sex offender Harvey Weinstein and a member of the board of The Weinstein Company. In 2017, as Weinstein came under increasing pressure, Jones wrote him an email saying, "I love you", provided encouragement that the scrutiny would soon end, and advised him on how he could revive his reputation.[45][46] Jones distanced himself from Weinstein in a written statement, "Harvey was a friend I believed too long and defended too long."[4]

Reputation

1987 PBS Trader documentary - In 1987, PBS produced a documentary entitled 'Trader' which focused on Jones's activities. The film shows Jones as a young man predicting the 1987 crash, using methods similar to those of market forecaster Robert Prechter. Although the video was shown on public television in November 1987, few copies exist. When copies surface, Jones attempts to buy them up.[47] According to Michael Glyn, the video's director, Jones requested in the 1990s that the documentary be removed from circulation.[48] The video has surfaced from time to time on different video sharing and torrent sites, but has often been taken down shortly thereafter due to copyright claims. Various theories exist as to why Jones does not support the film.[47] Despite the film's showing a positive approach to risk and client care, as well as showcasing Jones's charity work, it has been suggested that the film may reveal trading secrets.[47]

As trader - In 1988 at the age of 33, "The Wall Street Journal dedicated a front-page story to Jones, calling him “the most-watched, most-talked-about man on Wall Street.”"[29]

Low profile within financial media circles beginning in the late 1980s through to a report in 1997 Jones kept interviews with financial reporters to a minimum; while keeping a low profile in financial circles he was visible appearing on Larry King Live, promoting his Save Our Everglades campaign and the Robin Hood Foundation.[13]

In 2019 Reuters has described Jones as ‘one of the giants’ and reported that Jones is considered a legend among macro traders.[49]

Legacy and awards - In 2008, he was inducted into Institutional Investors Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame along with Alfred Jones, Bruce Kovner, David Swensen, George Soros, Jack Nash, James Simons, Julian Roberston, Kenneth Griffin, Leon Levy, Louis Bacon, Michael Steinhardt, Seth Klarman and Steven A. Cohen.[50]

Personal life

By the mid-1980s Jones as reported by Institutional Investor magazine was "developing a reputation for courting models and partying long into the night" and the Wall Street Journal ran a front-page article referring to Jones as Quotron Man in a profile covering his lifestyle.[13] This was transpiring in 1987 as there was a general backlash against excesses on Wall Street.[13] In 1988,[5] Jones married Australian-born Sonia Klein, a New York–based yoga entrepreneur at a wedding in Memphis.[13] In the early 1990s Jones moved Greenwich.[13] They have four children — Caroline, Dorothy "Dottie", Chrissy, and Jack.[5] Jones has encouraged his three daughters to go into macro trading.[10]

Politics & Associations

Political - A political independent, Jones has donated money to numerous Democratic and Republican candidates. In 2012 he donated $200,000 to Mitt Romney.[51] During the 2008 presidential election, Jones hosted a 500-person fundraiser at his Greenwich home for then-candidate Barack Obama.[52] Jones also donated to John McCain and Rudy Giuliani's presidential campaigns.[53]

Futures Industry Association - Jones previously served as a director of the Futures Industry Association and was instrumental in the creation and development of an education-arm for the association—the then Futures Industry Institute, a research institute later renamed the Institute for Financial Markets based in Washington D.C. Mr. Jones was also an advocate for the design and implementation of the first ethics training course that became the standard for exchange membership on all futures exchanges in the United States.

See also

References
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  5. McLean, Bethany (12 March 2012). "Whose Yoga Is It, Anyway?" (Society). United States: Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
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