New York Cotton Exchange

The NYCE was founded in 1870 by a group of one hundred cotton brokers and merchants, and is the oldest commodities exchange in the city.[1] In the spring and summer of 1870, a group of cotton merchants and brokers doing business in New York began planning an improvement on their "loose and informal association of persons active in the cotton trade," spending weeks preparing to create an association that was governed by rules and "equally fair to all" in its cotton dealings. In the middle of August 1870, the forming organization voted for officers and managers, and the Exchange was organized officially on September 7, 1870.[2] Founding president was Stephen D. Harrison.[2]

The Exchange earned a charter from the State of New York and its legislature on April 8, 1871.[2] It was first located at 1 Hanover Square (later known as India House) in New York City. After 1914, 1 Hanover Square was India House, a private club.[3]

1885 building, Beaver & William Streets, designed by George B. Post

Old New York Cotton Exchange at 1 Hanover Square in New York[4]

Well into the 20th century, cotton was a leading American commodity for both export and domestic consumption. In that era, other major exchanges existed in the United States. Several were founded within a few years of the founding of New York Cotton Exchange: the New Orleans Cotton Exchange, the Mobile Cotton Exchange, the Memphis Cotton Exchange, and the Savannah Cotton Exchange. Another important exchange was the Liverpool Cotton Exchange in Liverpool, England. The NYCE and the Memphis Cotton Exchange are the only organizations of that group still active today.

Annually until 1958, the NYCE published the Cotton Year Book, which contained the year's statistics on the cotton industry. Over the years, the NYCE created various subsidiaries to trade non-cotton contracts, including the Wool Associates, the Citrus Associates, the Tomato Products Associates, and the Financial Instruments Exchange (FINEX).

The exchange diversified its product line over the years to also deal in wool and orange juice futures. In 1985 the NYCE began dealing in financial futures and options.[1]

In 1998, the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT) became the parent company of both the New York Cotton Exchange and the Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange (founded 1882). It is now owned by IntercontinentalExchange (ICE).

The New York Cotton Exchange was a tenant on the 8th floor of 4 World Trade Center until September 11, 2001. Following the terrorist attacks that day, it had to relocate to temporary facilities in Long Island City that had been set up as an emergency backup location following the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. Since 2003, its headquarters and trading facility have been in the New York Mercantile Exchange Building in lower Manhattan.