PMSF

In biochemistry, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) is a serine protease inhibitor (serine hydrolase inactivator) commonly used in the preparation of cell lysates. PMSF does not inactivate all serine proteases. The effective concentration of PMSF is between 0.1 - 1 mM. The half-life is short in aqueous solutions (110 min at pH 7, 55 min at pH 7.5, and 35 min at pH 8, all at 25 °C).[1] Stock solutions are usually made up in anhydrous ethanol, isopropanol, or corn oil and diluted immediately before use.

Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)

Names
IUPAC name phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	329-98-6 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:8102 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL190503 Y
ChemSpider	4620 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.774
KEGG	C06747 Y
MeSH	Phenylmethylsulfonyl+fluoride
PubChem CID	4784
UNII	57KD15003I Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6059819
InChI InChI=1S/C7H7FO2S/c8-11(9,10)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2 Y Key: YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C7H7FO2S/c8-11(9,10)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2 Key: YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES O=S(F)(=O)Cc1ccccc1
Properties
Chemical formula	C7H7FO2S
Molar mass	174.19 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

PMSF binds specifically to the active site serine residue in serine hydrolases. It does not bind to any other serine residues in the protein. This is a result of the hyperactivity of that serine residue caused by the specific environmental conditions in the enzyme's active site (catalytic triad). Because PMSF binds covalently to the enzyme, the complex can be viewed by X-ray crystallography; it can therefore be used as a chemical label to identify an essential active site serine in an enzyme.

Enzyme(active)Ser-O-H + F-SO₂CH₂C₆H₅ → EnzymeSer-O-SO₂CH₂C₆H₅ + HF

Serine protease + PMSF → Irreversible enzyme-PMS complex + HF

The median lethal dose is less than 500 mg/kg (acetylcholine esterase inactivator!). PMSF should be handled only inside a fume hood and while wearing gloves. DMSO is sometimes recommended as solvent for stock solutions, but should not be used as it makes intact skin permeable for PMSF.