Order of the Lion and the Sun

Order of the Lion and the Sun
	Officer's Medal of the Order
Awarded by ; ; Head of the Iranian Imperial Family
Type	Dynastic Order
Royal house	House of Pahlavi
Sovereign	Crown Prince Reza of Iran
Grades	Knight/Dame Grand Cordon, Knight/Dame Grand Officer, Knight/Dame Commander, Knight/Dame Officer, Knight/Dame, Companion
Former grades	Knight Grand Cross with Collar
Precedence
Next (higher)	Order of Aqdas
Next (lower)	Order of the Crown; Order of the Pleiades
	; Ribbon of the Order

The Imperial Order of the Lion and the Sun was instituted by Fat’h Ali Shah of the Qajar Dynasty in 1808 to honour foreign officials (later extended to Persians) who had rendered distinguished services to Persia. In 1925, under the Pahlavi dynasty the Order continued as the Order of Homayoun with new insignia, though based on the Lion and Sun motif. This motif was used for centuries by the rulers of Persia, being formally adopted under Mohammad Shah.

Pendant of the Order of the Lion, France, 1840–1860, enameled gold with diamonds, rubies, garnets, and paste - Aga Khan Museum - Toronto, Canada

The order is abbreviated as KLS, for Knight of Lion and Sun.[1]

The order was senior to the Order of the Crown. It was issued in five grades.

Foreign recipients

Major-General Sir John Malcolm was the first foreign recipient in 1810. Other foreign recipients include:

Maksud Alikhanov-Avarsky (1846—1907), Russian Lieutenant-General (1884, 1900 & 1902)
Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley (1811)
Sir Gore Ouseley (1770–1844), British ambassador to Persia and oriental scholar (1812)
General Nikolay Rtischev (1754-1835), Russian signatory to the Treaty of Gulistan (1813)[2]
Major-General Sir Henry Lindsay-Bethune (1787–1851), commander of Persian infantry regiments (1816)
General Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov (1777—1861), Russian ambassador to Persia 1817 (1817)
Sir Robert Ker Porter (1777–1842), artist and diplomat (1819)
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1821)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Henry Willock, British envoy to Persia 1815–1826 (1826)
Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich (1782–1856), Russian soldier (1828)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Kinnear MacDonald, British envoy to Persia 1826–1830 (1828)
Abbasqulu ağa Bakıxanov Qüdsi, Azerbaijani writer, historian, journalist, linguist, poet, and philosopher (1829)
Aleksander Griboyedov (1795–1829), diplomat and playwright, Russian ambassador to Persia 1829 (1829)
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Kingdom of Italy
Sir John McNeill, British Envoy to Persia 1836–1842 (1833)
Sir Mancherjee Merwanjee Bhownagree, KCIE
Sir George Hayter (1792–1871), British portrait painter
Armand Trousseau, French medical scientist
Heinrich Alfred Barb, Austrian scholar, interpreter and scholar of the Persian language
Marshal Francois Achille Bazaine (1811–1888), French soldier
Brigadier-General Alexandre Percin, French soldier.[3]
Seth Apcar
Arthur Upham Pope
Sir Albert Abdullah David Sassoon (1889)
Henry Blosse Lynch[4]
Thomas Kerr Lynch[4]
General Sir Albert Houtum-Schindler
Honourable Lennox Hannay Lindley, MB, Chief Physician to the Shah of Persia (First class, 1902)[5]
Garabet Hagopian (1906)[6]
Karl Georg Graf Huyn (1909)
Hugh Bateman-Champain (1920)[7]
Edward Granville Browne (1922)
Major-General Sir Frederick Sykes
General Wladyslaw Anders,[8] commanding officer of 2nd Polish Corps in World War II
Ernest Yarrow, Christian missionary and a witness to the Armenian Genocide
General Boris Möller, Swedish gendarmerie officer (1914–1915)
Baron Eric Hermelin, Swedish translator of classical Persian poetry (1943)
Sir Francis Michie Shepherd (1892-1962), British Ambassador to Persia, 1950–1952.

In literature

Anton Chekhov has a short story titled The Lion And The Sun. The story is about a mayor who had "long been desirous of receiving the Persian order of The Lion and the Sun".

Notes

On 6 September 1900, the mayor of Mariánské Lázně, Dr. Nadler, was decorated with the Commander Cross of the Lion and the Order of the Sun by the Shah during an official visit.

References

Kaye, Jonn William (1856). The life and correspondence of Major-General Sir John Malcolm, G. C. B., late envoy to Persia, and governor of Bombay. London: Smith, Elder and Co. pp. 31–32. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
Mikaberidze 2005, p. 341.
Percin Ordre du Lion et du Soleil
J.M. Hammond. Battle in Iraq: Letters and Diaries of the First World War, p. 25
"No. 27431". The London Gazette. 16 May 1902. p. 3011.
"Army and Navy Gazette". Army and Navy Gazette. 24 November 1906.
The Gazette, supplement 705
"Wladyslaw Anders". Retrieved 2016-07-22.

Sources

Mikaberidze, Alexander (2005). Russian Officer Corps of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1611210026.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Kaye, Jonn William (1856). The life and correspondence of Major-General Sir John Malcolm, G. C. B., late envoy to Persia, and governor of Bombay. London: Smith, Elder and Co. pp. 31–32. Retrieved 31 July 2018.

[FOOTNOTEMikaberidze2005341-2] Mikaberidze 2005, p. 341.

[3] Percin Ordre du Lion et du Soleil

[Hammond-4] J.M. Hammond. Battle in Iraq: Letters and Diaries of the First World War, p. 25

[5] "No. 27431". The London Gazette. 16 May 1902. p. 3011.

[6] "Army and Navy Gazette". Army and Navy Gazette. 24 November 1906.

[7] The Gazette, supplement 705

[8] "Wladyslaw Anders". Retrieved 2016-07-22.