Order of battle at the Battle of Lowestoft

The ships that participated in the Battle of Lowestoft, a naval engagement between the English and Dutch off the English port of Lowestoft on 13 June (New Style) 1665 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. 95 English ships (later rising to 100 when ships joined during the battle), commanded by James Stuart, Duke of York, faced 107 Dutch ships led by Jacob van Wassenaer, Baron Obdam. The battle ended in a victory for the English, capturing 9 Dutch ships and sinking 8 others, for the loss of only one ship (the Charity).

The Battle of Lowestoft, 13 June 1665, showing Royal Charles and the Eendracht by Hendrik van Minderhout, painted c. 1665

British fleet

Although the fleet list dated 10 May (20 May N.S.) names 109 vessels of the 6th Rate and above, 19 had been detached for other duties before the battle, while 5 previously unlisted vessels had arrived. Thus there were 95 ships at the commencement of the battle. 5 of the detached vessels rejoined the fleet during the battle, bringing the total to exactly 100 ships.[1] This total included 24 hired merchantmen (indicated as such in the 'Notes' column).

The White Squadron

The White (or Van) Squadron was under Prince Rupert - his flagship being the Royal James.

Ship Guns Commander Notes
Van Division
Colchester 28 Captain Daniel Helling
Triumph 70 Vice-Admiral Christopher Myngs
Monck 54 Captain Thomas Penrose
Newcastle 48 Captain Thomas Page
Lion 52 Captain Edward Spragge
Ruby 46 Captain William Jennens
Expedition 30 Captain Tobias Sackler
John and Abigail 40 Captain Joseph Sanders Hired merchantman
Happy Return 40 Captain John Hubbard Hired merchantman
Katherine 36 Captain Thomas Elliot Hired merchantman
John and Katherine 36 Captain John Whately Hired merchantman
Centre Division
Reserve 46 Captain John Tyrwhit
Rainbow 56 Captain Willoughby Hannam
Exchange 36 Captain Samuel Wentworth Hired merchantman
Revenge 58 Captain Robert Holmes
Royal James 78 Admiral Prince Rupert
Flag-captain John Kempthorne
Garland 28 Captain Charles Talbot
Hound 8 Captain James Coleman Fireship
Dolphin 4 Captain William Gregory Fireship
Assurance 32 Captain John Jeffries
Mary Rose 48 Captain William Reeves
Henrietta 58 Captain Walter Wood
Bendish 42 Captain Robert Taylor Hired merchantman
Portland 46 Captain John Aylett
Rear Division
East India Merchant 44 Captain John Wilgresse Hired merchantman
St. Andrew 60 Captain Valentine Pine
Advice 40 Captain William Poole
Bear 42 Captain John Waterworth
Constant Katherine 40 Captain Francis Sanders Hired merchantman
Kent 46 Captain Thomas Ewens
Anne 58 Captain Arnold Brown
Resolution 58 Rear-Admiral Robert Sansum Sansum killed in the battle
Milford 28 Captain John Seale
Small craft
Hind 8 Captain John Withers Ketch
Sea Venture
James
Desire
Little Sampson
William & Mary

The Red Squadron

The Red (or Centre) Squadron was under the Duke of York - his flagship being the Royal Charles.

Ship Guns Commander Notes
Van Division
Bristol 48 Captain John Hart
Gloucester 58 Captain Robert Clark
Royal Exchange 46 Captain Giles Shelley Hired merchantman
Diamond 46 Captain John King
Martin Galley 14 Captain Richard White
Royal Oak 100 Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson Lawson died of his wounds after the battle
Norwich 24 Captain John Wetwang
Guinea 36 Captain John Abelson Abelson killed in the battle
St. George 60 Captain Joseph Jordan
Coast Frigate 34 Captain Thomas Lawson Hired merchantman
Dover 46 Captain Jeffery Pearse
King Ferdinando 36 Captain Francis Johnson Hired merchantman
Centre Division
Plymouth 56 Captain Thomas Allin
Fountain 30 Captain Jean Baptiste du Tiel
Blackamore 38 Captain Richard Neales Hired merchantman
Mary 58 Captain Jeremiah Smith
Happy Return 50 Captain James Lambert
Royal Charles 80 James, Duke of York
Sir William Penn
Flag-captain John Harman
Mermaid 28 Captain Jasper Grant
Fame 12 Captain John Gethings Fireship
Bramble 8 Captain Nepthali Ball Fireship
Antelope 46 Captain John Chicheley
Old James 68 Captain James Ley, 3rd Earl of Marlborough Marlborough killed in the battle
Loyal George 42 Captain John Earle Hired merchantman
Yarmouth 52 Captain Thomas Ayliffe
Vanguard 56 Captain Jonas Poole
Convertine 48 Captain John Pearce
Charity 46 Captain Robert Wilkinson Sunk by Dutch fireship
Rear Division
Eagle 44 Captain Thomas Hendra Hired merchantman
Amity 36 Captain John Parker
Satisfaction 46 Captain Richard May Hired merchantman
HMS Fairfax 58 Captain Robert Salmon
Swiftsure 60 Rear-Admiral Sir William Berkeley
Bonaventure 40 Captain Arthur Laughorne
Portsmouth 38 Captain Robert Mohun
George 40 Captain Robert Hatubb Hired merchantman
Leopard 54 Captain Richard Beach
Sapphire 38 Captain Henry Hyde
Loyal Merchant 44 Captain Robert Sanders Hired merchantman
Small craft
Roe 8 Captain James Lock Ketch
Eaglet 8 Captain William Berry Ketch
St. George
Bachelor
Isabella
Hopeful Margaret
Seaflower
Edward & Eve

The Blue Squadron

The Blue (or Rear) Squadron was under Earl of Sandwich - his flagship being the Royal Prince.

Ship Guns Commander Notes
Van Division
Forester 28 Captain Edward Cotterell
Royal Katherine 70 Rear-Admiral Thomas Teddeman
Essex 52 Captain Richard Utber
Marmaduke 38 Captain John Best
Princess 52 Captain George Swanley
Golden Phoenix 36 Captain Samuel Dickinson Hired merchantman
Adventure 36 Captain Benjamin Young
Society 36 Captain Ralph Lascelles Hired merchantman
Dreadnought 58 Captain Henry Terne
Prudent Mary 36 Captain Thomas Haward Hired merchantman
Centre Division
Dragon 38 Captain John Lloyd
Centurion 46 Captain Robert Moulton, Jr.
Montagu 58 Captain Henry Fenne
Oxford 24 Captain Philemon Bacon
Prince Royal 86 Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich
Flag-captain Roger Cuttance
Pembroke 28 Captain Thomas Darcy
Bryar 12 Captain Richard Cotton Fireship
Dunkirk 54 Captain John Hayward
Breda 46 Captain Robert Kirby Kirby killed in the battle
John & Thomas 44 Captain Henry Dawes Hired merchantman
Swallow 46 Captain Richard Hodges
Madras 42 Captain John Norbrook Hired merchantman
Rear Division
Jersey 48 Captain Hugh Hide
Hambro' Merchant 36 Captain James Cadman Hired merchantman
Hampshire 40 Captain George Batts
Castle frigate 36 Captain Philip Euatt Hired merchantman
Assistance 40 Captain Zachary Brown
Unicorn 56 Captain Henry Teddiman
Providence 30 Captain Richard James
York 58 Captain John Swanley
Henry 70 Vice-Admiral Sir George Ayscue
Guernsey 28 Captain Humphrey Connisby
Small craft
Nonsuch 8 Captain Robert Crossman Ketch
Thomas & Rebecca
Hopewell
John Smack
John Hoy
Two Sisters

Of the ships which had been on the 10 May fleet list but had been detached (excluding the five which rejoined during the battle), the merchantman Good Hope had been captured by the Dutch on 20 May, the Merlin was in the Thames, the Coventry and Lizard were at Portsmouth, the Little Mary at Plymouth, the Paradox at Scilly, the merchantman Maryland was in Harwich ("defective"), the Success in Lowestoft, the Speedwell at Newcastle, the Little Gift in Ireland and the Truelove in the Downs. Three more were engaged in scouting - the Paul, Hector and Blackamoor (a pink). None of these was larger than 5th Rate.[2]

Dutch fleet

The Dutch fleet comprised 107 ships carrying 4,864 guns and 21,613 men.[3] Of these 107 ships, 81 were ships of the line from the five Dutch Admiralties, while 11 were hired merchantmen from the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostinische Compagnie), indicated by "VOC" in the lists below. There were also 9 frigates and 6 three-mast yachts. The Admiralty to which a ship belonged as indicated by a letter in parenthesis preceding the name:

  • (A) Amsterdam Admiralty
  • (F) Friesland Admiralty
  • (M) Maas (or Rotterdam) Admiralty
  • (N) Noorderkwartier Admiralty
  • (Z) Zeeland Admiralty

No attempt can be made to indicate order of battle as the Dutch had not adopted the line-ahead system at this date, but the ships are indicated by squadron, within each of which the order of precedence is given, with the ships of the admiral, vice-admiral and rear-admiral listed first.

Squadron Command ships
SquadronSquadron CommanderFlagshipGunsRef
1st (Amsterdam)Lieutenant-Admiral Jacob van Wassenaer ObdamEendracht72[4]
2nd (Zeeland)Lieutenant-Admiral Johan EvertsenHof van Zeeland58[5]
3rd (Maas)Lieutenant-Admiral Egbert Bartholomeusz KortenaerGroot Hollandia68[6]
4th (Friesland)Lieutenant-Admiral Auke StellingwerfZevenwolden58
5th (Amsterdam)Vice-Admiral Cornelis TrompLiefde70[7]
6th (Zeeland)Vice-Admiral Cornelis Evertsen the ElderVlissingen46[8]
7th (Noorderkwartier)Vice-Admiral Volckert SchramWapen van Nassau60[9]

The 1st (Amsterdam) Squadron
ShipGunsCommanderNotes
(M) Eendracht72Jacob van Wassenaer, Baron ObdamSunk by magazine explosion
(A) Amsterdam54Vice-Adm Abraham van der Hulst
(A) Huis Tijdverdrijf58SbN (Rear-Adm) Albert Klaaszoon Graeff
(A) Huis te Kruiningen58Jacob Andrieszoon Swart
(A) Vrijheid50Jan van Amstel
(A) Landman44Hugo van Nieuwenhof
(A) Vrede40Hendrik Gotskens
(A) Stad Gouda48Otto van Treslong
(A) Dom van Utrecht48Jacob Willemszoon Broeder
(A) Harderwijk46Jacob Wiltschut
(A) Haarlem46Adam van Brederode
(A) Zeelandia34Balthazar van de Voorde
(A) Gouden Ster36Herman Egbertszoon Wolff
(A) Brack18Gerrit Polanen
VOC Maarseveen78Jan Jacobszoon de ReusBurnt by fireship

The 2nd (Zeeland) Squadron
ShipGunsCaptainNotes
(Z) Hof van Zeeland58Johan Evertsen
(M) Klein Hollandia54SbN (Rear-Admiral) Jan de Liefde
(Z) Utrecht50Cornelis Evertsen the YoungerBurnt
(Z) Middleburg46Jacon Adriaanszoon Pens
(Z) Wapen van Zeeland[10]36Bastiaan Tuyneman
(Z) Delft[11]34Jan BanckertCaptured by HMS Leopard & Breda[12]
(Z) Zeelandia34Simon BlokCaptured by HMS Centurion[13]
(Z) Schakerloo[14]29Jan Krijnssen
(M) Prins Maurits53Marinus de Clercq
(M) Dordrecht46Jacob Cleydyck
(M) Wapen van Utrecht36Christiaan Eldertsen
(M) Delft[15]36Jacob van Boshuisen
(M) Schiedam25Adriaan Solderwagen
VOC Oranje76Bastiaan SentenSunk
(M) Lapende Hert (yacht)8Pieter Wijnbergen
(Z) Dieshouk (yacht)6Jan Pieterszoon Tant

The 3rd (Maas) Squadron
ShipGunsCaptainNotes
(M) Groot Hollandia68Laurens Davidszoon van Convert
(A) Oosterwijk68Vice-Adm Dirck Schey
(A) Stavoren48Vice-Adm Nicolaas Marrevelt
(A) Hilversum58Albert MathijszoonCaptured by HMS Bristol[16]
(A) Zuiderhuis50Joost Verschuur
(A) Doesburg48Ysbrandt de Vries
(A) Vereenigte Provincien48Cornelis van Hogenhoeck
(A) Duivenvoorde48Hendrik van Tholl
(A) Wakende Boei48Anthony de Martre
(A) Ter Goes46Gebrant BoesSunk by fireship
(A) Harderin38Lieuwe van Hasevelt
(A) Maagd van Enkhuizen38Johannes van der Mars
(A) Overijssel36Jan van Blankenburch
VOC Delfland70Jeuriaan Jeuriaanse Pod
VOC Sphera Mundi41Apolonia Poel

The 4th (Friesland) Squadron
ShipGunsCaptainNotes
(F) Zevenwolden58Lieut-Adm Auke Stellingwerf
(F) Groningen40Vice-Admiraal Rudolf Coenders
(F) Prinses Albertina52SbN (Rear-Adm) Hendrik Dirkszoon Bruynsveld
(F) Oostergo68Allart Piersen de Boer
(F) Elf Steden54Tjerk Hiddes de Vries
(F) Westergo52Jan Janszoon Vijselaar
(F) Omlandia44Cornelis Allartszoon Oostrum
(F) Klein Frisia40Wytse Beyma
(F) Postillon van Smirna40Barend Hiddes de Vries
(F) Hollandia40Joost Michielszoon
(A) Phesant38Jacob Pieteys
(A) Ijlst36Willem Codde van der Burgh
VOC Huis te Zwieten70Cornelis Crijnssen de Rechter
VOC Mars50Heyn Klaaszoon KatCaptured by HMS Assurance[17]
VOC Ruijter [18]18Jan de VogelCaptured [19]

The 5th (Amsterdam) Squadron
ShipGunsCaptainNotes
(A) Liefde[20]70Vice-Adm Cornelis Tromp
(A) Koevorden[21]56Gilles Thijssen Campen
(A) Kampen48Pieter Salomonszoon
(A) Luijpaard 58Kommer Gerritszoon
(A) Stad en Lande56Jan de Haan
(A) Tromp48Adriaan van Rheede
(A) Huis te Jaarsveld48Thomas Fabritius
(A) Raadhuis van Haarlem48Jan Adelaar
(A) Groningen48Pieter Janszoon Uyttenhout
(A) Zon48Hendrik van Vollenhoven
(A) Wapen van Edam38Cornelis Gerritszoon BurgerCaptured[22]
(A) Schager Roos38Joosten Smient
(A) Asperen36Adriaan van Veen
(A) Vollenhoven30Hendrik Haeckroy
(A) Fortuin14Laurens Bruyn
(N) Prinses Roijaal40Adriaan Teding van Berkhout
VOC Nieuw Batavia50Jan Pieterszoon Onclaer

The 6th (Zeeland) Squadron
ShipGunsCaptainNotes
(Z) Vlissingen46Vice-Adm Cornelis Evertsen
(Z) Kampveere46SbN (Rear-Adm) Adriaan Banckert
(N) Drie Helden Davids[23]50Pieter Bronsaart
(Z) Dordrecht' 46Adriaan de Haaze
(Z) Zeeridder34Jan Willem Marinissen
(Z) Goes30Adriaan van Cruiningen
(Z) Zwanenburg[24]30Cornelis KuiperBurnt by fireship
(Z) Visschers Harder26Jan Adriaanszoon Blankert
(Z) Westcappel24Marinus Loncke
(Z) Visscher16Simon Loncke
(M) Stad Utrecht48Jacob Oudart
(M) Rotterdam45Cryn Cerckhoven
(M) Vrede40Laurens van Heemskerck
(M) Gorinchem36Jacob van der Cam
(M) Briel21Frans van Nijdek
(M) Swol20Jacob Simonszoon de Witt
(Z) Zouteland (yacht)4Willem Hendrikszoon van der Veere
(M) Hazewinthont (yacht)3Andries Pietersen

The 7th (Noorderkwartier) Squadron
ShipGunsCaptainNotes
(N) Wapen van Nassau[25]60Dirk Gerritszoon Pomp
(N) Eendracht44SbN (Rear-Adm) Frederick Stachouwer
(N) Wapen van Medemblik46Adriaan Houttuin
(N) Gelderland56Cornelis Jaconszoon de Boer
(N) Hollandse Tuin56Beberen
(N) Jozua50Cornelis Slordt
(N) Westfriesland[26]50Jacob Bruynings
(N) Jupiter44Huysman
(N) Jonge Prins36Jan HalfhoornCaptured by HMS Martin Galley[27]
(N) Eenhoorn30Cornelis Victol
(N) Hoorn30Klaas Valchen
VOC Carolus Quintus54Joris KuitenCaptured by HMS Plymouth[28]
VOC Nagelboom52BoonCaptured by HMS Colchester[29]
VOC Beurs van Amsterdam52Cornelis Muts
VOC Agatha32Gerrit Klaaszoon Posthoorn

Other Dutch ships

Four ships were left behind in the Texel when the fleet sailed on 23/24 May, due to shortage of men. These were the Amsterdam Admiralty's Zuiphen (36), Groot Harder (38), Leiden (36) and Kat (21).

References
  1. Frank Fox, The Four Days' Battle of 1666, p.317
  2. Frank Fox, The Four Days' Battle of 1666, p.321-322.
  3. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_battle&id=37
  4. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=873
  5. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1271
  6. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=995
  7. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=875
  8. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1246
  9. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1007
  10. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1336
  11. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1364
  12. became HMS Delft
  13. became HMS Zealand
  14. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=12080
  15. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1373
  16. became HMS Helverston
  17. became HMS Mars
  18. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_battle&id=37
  19. became HMS Horseman; sunk 1667 as blockship in the Thames.
  20. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=875
  21. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=999
  22. became English Black Bull; recaptured at the Four Days' Battle in 1666.
  23. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1239
  24. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_battle&id=37
  25. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=19109
  26. http://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_ship&id=1262
  27. became English Young Prince; expended as fireship at the Four Days' Battle in 1666.
  28. became English Charles V; recaptured at the Four Days' Battle in 1666.
  29. became English Clove Tree; recaptured at the Four Days' Battle in 1666.
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