Ninth Dynasty of Egypt

Egypt
	ca. 2160 BC–ca. 2130 BC
Capital	Herakleopolis Magna
Common languages	Egyptian language
Religion	ancient Egyptian religion
Government	Absolute monarchy
Historical era	Bronze Age
• Established	ca. 2160 BC
• Disestablished	ca. 2130 BC
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
Tenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty IX) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 10th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period.[1] The dynasty that seems to have supplanted the 8th Dynasty is extremely obscure. The takeover by the rulers of Herakleopolis was violent and is reflected in Manetho's description of Achthoes, the founder of the dynasty, as 'more terrible than his predecessors', who 'wrought evil things for those in all Egypt".

Rulers

The 9th Dynasty was founded at Herakleopolis Magna, and the 10th Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.[2]

The following is a possible list of rulers of the Ninth Dynasty based on the Turin Canon, as egyptologists have differing opinions about the order of succession within the two dynasties. Among them, only Meryibre Khety and Nebkaure Khety are undoubtedly attested by archaeological finds:

**Dynasty IX (according to Hayes)** (c. 2160 - 2130 BC)[3]
Name	Comments
Meryibre Khety I	Manetho's Achthoes, a nomarch who proclaimed himself pharaoh
[name lost]	-
Neferkare VII	Might be the Kaneferre mentioned in the tomb of the nomarch Ankhtifi
Nebkaure Khety II	Also mentioned in The Eloquent Peasant tale
Setut	-
[name lost]	-
Mery[...]	-
Shed[...]	-
H[...]	-
[three names lost]	-
User(?)[...]	-

References

Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, Oxford University Press, 1961, pp. 112-13.
William C. Hayes, in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-077915, p. 996.

Preceded by Eighth Dynasty	Dynasty of Egypt c. 2160 – 2130 BC	Succeeded by Tenth Dynasty

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[1] Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.

[2] Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, Oxford University Press, 1961, pp. 112-13.

[3] William C. Hayes, in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-077915, p. 996.