Nebuchadnezzar III

Nebuchadnezzar III or Nebuchadrezzar III[lower-alpha 1] ruled over Babylon (c. 522 BC). He claimed to be the second son of Nabonidus.

Behistun Relief of Nidintu-Bêl. Label "This is Nidintu-Bêl. He lied, saying 'I am Nebuchadnezzar, the son of Nabonidus. I am king of Babylon.'"[1]

He led a short-lived rebellion against Darius the Great, who routed his army in battle at the Tigris on December 13, 522 BC, and then at the Euphrates near Zazannu.[3] Nebuchadnezzar III fled back to his capital with his remaining cavalry.[4]

Darius subsequently besieged the high-walled city of Babylon, succeeding in taking the capital, and Nebuchadnezzar III was put to death.[4]

His exact identity is uncertain. According to the Behistun Inscription, Darius claimed that he was an impostor called Nidinta-Bel, but some historians consider that he probably did have some connection with the previous Babylonian royal family.

He should not be confused with Nebuchadnezzar IV, who led a similar revolt against the Persians around a year later.

The Babylonians deriding Darius in 522 BC.
The Babylonians in their city deriding Darius.
Behistun relief, Nidintu-Bel in chains.

Notes

"In some passages of the Bible, the name is given, mistakenly, with an "n" in place of the "r," as Nebuchadnezzar."[2]

References

Behistun, minor inscriptions DBb inscription- Livius.
Asimov, I. (1968) The Near East, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., p. 62
Harvard University; G. P. Goold (1 January 1972). Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. Harvard University Press. pp. 112–. ISBN 978-0-674-37922-0. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
Tom Holland (12 June 2007). Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 46–. ISBN 978-0-307-27948-4. Retrieved 19 March 2012.

Preceded by Nabonidus	King of Babylon 522 BC	Succeeded by Nebuchadnezzar IV (Self-proclaimed)

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[3] "In some passages of the Bible, the name is given, mistakenly, with an "n" in place of the "r," as Nebuchadnezzar."[2]

[DB-1] Behistun, minor inscriptions DBb inscription- Livius.

[2] Asimov, I. (1968) The Near East, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., p. 62

[UniversityGoold1972-4] Harvard University; G. P. Goold (1 January 1972). Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. Harvard University Press. pp. 112–. ISBN 978-0-674-37922-0. Retrieved 19 March 2012.

[Holland2007-5] Tom Holland (12 June 2007). Persian Fire: The First World Empire and the Battle for the West. Random House Digital, Inc. pp. 46–. ISBN 978-0-307-27948-4. Retrieved 19 March 2012.