Nepenthaceae (1873 monograph)

"Nepenthaceae" is a monograph by Joseph Dalton Hooker on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes.[1] It was published in 1873 in the seventeenth and final volume of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, which was edited by Augustin's son, Alphonse.[1] The monograph focused primarily on new discoveries from northern Borneo.[2][3] Unlike most major works on Nepenthes, it included no illustrations.[1]

The first two pages of Hooker's monograph

Content

Published only a year after Ernst Wunschmann's "Über die Gattung Nepenthes", Hooker's monograph expanded the number of known species considerably.[2] Hooker recognised 33 species, including 7 described for the first time: N. bicalcarata, N. celebica (later synonymised with N. maxima),[2] N. echinostoma (later reduced to a variety of N. mirabilis),[2] N. hirsuta, N. khasiana, N. tentaculata, and N. vieillardii.[1] Nepenthes blancoi and N. maxima were listed as "species non satis notæ" (little known species), while N. cristata was included under "species admodum dubia" (very doubtful species).[1] Hooker also described 5 varieties: N. albomarginata var. villosa, N. boschiana var. lowii (later described as N. stenophylla),[2] N. phyllamphora var. macrantha (later synonymised with N. mirabilis),[4] N. rafflesiana var. glaberrima, and N. rafflesiana var. nivea.[1] Most of these varieties are not considered to be of taxonomic value today.[2] Hooker's concept of N. rafflesiana encompassed both N. rafflesiana and N. × hookeriana (the natural hybrid between N. ampullaria and N. rafflesiana).[5]

The manuscript of Hooker's monograph formed the basis for an article by Maxwell T. Masters published in the April 20, 1872 issue of The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette.[6] A number of Hooker's names appeared there for the first time, including the two varieties of N. rafflesiana and one of N. albomarginata; the as yet undescribed N. khasiana was included under the spelling N. khasyana.[6]

Species

The following taxa are covered in the monograph, with 33 recognised as valid species (including two little known ones).

  1. N. alata
  2. N. albomarginata
    1. var. villosa
  3. N. ampullaria
  4. N. bicalcarata
  5. N. bongso
  6. N. boschiana
    1. var. lowii
    2. var. sumatrana
  7. N. celebica
  8. N. distillatoria
  9. N. echinostoma
  10. N. edwardsiana
  11. N. eustachya
  12. N. gracilis
  13. N. hirsuta
  14. N. kennedyana
  15. N. khasiana
  16. N. lowii
  17. N. madagascariensis
  18. N. melamphora
    1. var. haematamphora
    2. ? var. lucida
  19. N. pervillei
  20. N. phyllamphora
    1. var. macrantha
  21. N. rafflesiana
    1. var. glaberrima
    2. var. nivea
  22. N. rajah
  23. N. reinwardtiana
  24. N. sanguinea
  25. N. tentaculata
    1. ? var. "foliis basi longe decurrentibus"
  26. N. teysmanniana
  27. N. trichocarpa
    1. var. erythrosticta
  28. N. veitchii
  29. N. ventricosa
  30. N. vieillardii
  31. N. villosa
Species non satis notæ
  1. N. blancoi
  2. N. maxima
Species admodum dubia
  1. N. cristata

Infrageneric classification

Hooker attempted the first infrageneric classification of the genus, dividing it into two sections. He placed N. pervillei in the monotypic Anourosperma, distinguishing it on the basis of its round seeds. All other species were subsumed in the second section, Eunepenthes.[1] This classification would be expanded upon in the 1895 monograph of Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau, "Die Gattung Nepenthes",[7] and the 1936 work of Hermann Harms, "Nepenthaceae".[8]

References
  1. (in Latin) Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
  2. McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  3. Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  4. Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
  5. Schlauer, J. N.d. Query results: DC., Prodr.17. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  6. Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
  7. (in German) Beck, G. 1895. Die Gattung Nepenthes. Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung 20(3–6): 96–107, 141–150, 182–192, 217–229.
  8. Harms, H. 1936. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 2 aufl. band 17b.
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